COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Somalia on 16 March 2020 when the first case was confirmed in Mogadishu. The Somali Prime Minister, Hassan Ali Khaire announced that the government has set aside five million dollars to deal with the disease. The Somali Medical Association is concerned that the death toll in the country will be huge and that Somalia will not be able to recover from the economic effects due to poor working relations between central government and federal states which leads to lack of control by central government, as well and the lack of healthcare infrastructure. It has also been speculated that President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed may use the pandemic as an excuse to postpone elections. There have also been concerns over freedom of the press following arrests and intimidation of journalists who have been covering the pandemic in Somalia.

Background

Somalia is in a state of protracted military conflict; the central government lacks control over large parts of the country, and is at odds with several of the regional governments. Some rural areas in the South are dominated by the terrorist group Al-Shabab, which has a history of disrupting humanitarian work. It faces widespread poverty and hunger, leaving people vulnerable to an outbreak.

Somalia's healthcare infrastructure is weak; it ranks 194th out of 195 in the Global Health Security Index. The country has less than 20 ICU beds available. One modern hospital with ventilators in Mogadishu is closed due to a political dispute.

Timeline

2020

March

On 16 March, the first case in Somalia was confirmed. Somalia's Health Ministry reported that a Somali citizen was returning home from China.

By the end of March there had been five confirmed cases. Four cases remained active at the end of the month.

April

On 7 April, the government reported the eighth confirmed case, a 58-year-old Somali man with no travel history.

On 8 April, the Minister of Health, Fawziya Abikar Nur, confirmed the first death. On 12 April, Somalia confirmed its second death from coronavirus on Sunday, Khalif Mumin Tohow, justice minister of Hirshabelle state, succumbed in Mogadishu's Martini hospital a day after he tested positive in Jowhar. He was the country's second reported fatality due to COVID-19.

On 14 April, 32 new cases were confirmed, all from Mogadishu. On 15 April, 20 more cases and three deaths were confirmed in Somalia.

On 17 April, the Somali Minister of Health, Dr Fawziya Abikar Nur, said that 36 more cases tested positive (27 male, remainder female; 30 among the ages between 20 and 39 years (83%), and 6 among them aged between 40 and 59 years (14%)). Thus the total confirmed case number reached 116, and one more person had died.

On 25 April, there were 390 confirmed cases and 18 deaths.

During April there were 596 new cases, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 601. The death toll was 28. There were 542 active cases at the end of the month.

May

On 2 May, there were 601 confirmed cases and 28 deaths, although it was reported that the actual number of deaths may be significantly higher.

Model-based simulations indicate that from early May on, the 95% confidence interval for the time-varying reproduction number ''R _t'' was below 1.0 in May and June.

There were 1375 new cases in May, raising the total number of confirmed cases to 1976. The death toll rose by 50 to 78. There were 1550 active cases at the end of the month.

June

In mid June, Al-Shabab, which controls much of the rural area in the country, announced that it had set up a coronavirus treatment centre in Jilib, about south of the capital, Mogadishu.

In June there were 948 new cases, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 2924. The death toll rose by 12 to 90. There were 1924 active cases at the end of the month.

July

There were 288 new cases in July, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 3213. The death toll rose to 93. The number of recovered patients climbed to 1562, leaving 1557 active cases at the end of the month, a decrease by 19% from the end of June.

August

There were 97 new cases in August, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 3310. The death toll rose to 97. There were 732 active cases at the end of the month.

September

There were 278 new cases in September, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 3588. The death toll rose to 99. There were 543 active cases at the end of the month.

October

There were 353 new cases in October, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 3941. The death toll rose to 104. The number of recovered patients increased to 3185, leaving 652 active cases at the end of the month.

November

There were 510 new cases in November, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 4451. The death toll rose to 113. The number of recovered patients increased to 3417, leaving 921 active cases at the end of the month.

December

There were 263 new cases in December, taking the total number of confirmed cases to 4714. The death toll rose to 130. The number of recovered patients increased to 3612, leaving 972 active cases at the end of the month.

2021

January to March

There were 70 new cases in January, taking the total number of confirmed cases to 4784. The death toll remained unchanged. The number of recovered patients increased to 3666, leaving 988 active cases at the end of the month.

There were 2473 new cases in February, taking the total number of confirmed cases to 7257. The death toll rose to 239. The number of recovered patients increased to 3808, leaving 3210 active cases at the end of the month.

There were 4141 new cases in March, taking the total number of confirmed cases to 11398. The death toll more than doubled to 529. The number of recovered patients increased to 4819, leaving 6050 active cases at the end of the month.

April to June

On 8 April 2021 the official death toll from COVID-19 pandemic was 576. On 11 April 2021, the health minister, Fawziya Abikar Nur, received the first corona virus vaccines from China. The 200,000 does were handed over by the Chinese ambassador. 10 days later Somalia received 300,000 doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine doses from the COVAX initiative. Nur said that the vaccine would be sent to every region of Somalia and priority would be given to health care workers during the mass vaccination programme.

By 27 April, a total of 122,235 vaccine doses had been administered. There were 2517 new cases in April, taking the total number of confirmed cases to 13915. The death toll increased to 713. The number of recovered patients increased to 5847, leaving 7355 active cases at the end of the month.

There were 745 new cases in May, taking the total number of confirmed cases to 14660. The death toll increased to 769. The number of recovered patients increased to 6562, leaving 7129 active cases at the end of the month.

There were 286 new cases in June, taking the total number of confirmed cases to 14946. The death toll increased to 775. The number of recovered patients increased to 7246, leaving 6925 active cases at the end of the month.

July to September

There were 457 new cases in July, taking the total number of confirmed cases to 15403. The death toll increased to 811. The number of recovered patients increased to 7533, leaving 7059 active cases at the end of the month.

There were 2063 new cases in August, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 17466. The death toll increased to 977. The number of recovered patients increased to 8531, leaving 7958 active cases at the end of the month.

There were 2514 new cases in September, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 19980. The death toll increased to 1111. The number of recovered patients increased to 9523, leaving 9346 active cases at the end of the month.

October to December

There were 2018 new cases in October, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 21998. The death toll rose to 1208.

There were 1018 new cases in November, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 23016. The death toll rose to 1327.

There were 516 new cases in December, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 23532. The death toll rose to 1333.

2022

January to March

There were 729 new cases in January, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 24261. The death toll rose to 1335.

There were 2052 new cases in February, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 26313. The death toll rose to 1348.

There were 97 new cases in March, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 26410. The death toll rose to 1361.

April to June

There were 75 new cases in April, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 26485. The death toll remained unchanged.

There were 80 new cases in May, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 26565. The death toll remained unchanged.

There were 238 new cases in June, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 26803. The death toll remained unchanged. The number of recovered patients increased to 13182, leaving 12260 active cases at the end of the month.

July to September

There were 217 new cases in July, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 27020. The death toll remained unchanged.

There were 117 new cases in August, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 27137. The death toll remained unchanged.

There were 79 new cases in September, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 27216. The death toll remained unchanged.

October to December

There were 27 new cases in October, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 27243. The death toll remained unchanged.

There were 43 new cases in November, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 27286. The death toll remained unchanged.

Statistics

Confirmed new cases per day

Confirmed deaths per day

Responses

The government formed a task force to respond to COVID-19. Officials have had trouble obtaining medical equipment, but did successfully order some ventilators and ICU beds. Muslim clerics have worked to dispel myths about the virus. Some journalists have been arrested for allegedly spreading false information about the coronavirus pandemic.

On 15 March, the government banned passengers who had been to Iran, China, Italy, or South Korea in the past 14 days from entering Somalia. At that time the government had quarantined four people.

On 17 March, the government announced that schools and universities would be closed for 15 days effective from 19 March and that large gatherings were prohibited. However, people continued to gather in crowded areas, with a Mogadishu resident saying, "It is as though the schools were closed for public holiday."

The Somali Aviation Ministry ordered a suspension of all international flights for 15 days starting from Wednesday, 18 March, with the possibility of exceptions for humanitarian flights. The suspension affected khat imports from Kenya, leading to economic difficulties for khat sellers in Somalia and growers in Kenya. Also on 18 March, Prime Minister Hassan Ali Khaire announced $5 million had been allocated to address the pandemic.

Mohamed Mohamud Ali, chairman of Somali Medical Association, warned that the virus could kill many more people in Somalia than in China or Iran, because there are no testing kits in the country, and patients have to wait at least three days to get results from South Africa.

Al-Shabab leaders met to discuss COVID-19. Ahmed Khalif of Action Against Hunger warned that the extremist group has a history of blocking access for humanitarian workers, but may allow people to go elsewhere for treatment.

Twenty volunteer doctors from Somali National University went to Italy to help fight the outbreak there.

Puntland

Testing

Somalia initially lacked testing capacity, so test samples had to be sent abroad for processing, which delayed results. By August 2020 it had eight PCR testing sites and six testing centres using GeneXpert equipment.

See also

* COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland
* COVID-19 pandemic in Africa
* COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory

References

{{Portal bar, Somalia, Viruses, Current events, COVID-19, Somaliland

Coronavirus pandemic
Coronavirus pandemic
Somalia
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Disease outbreaks in Somalia
Coronavirus pandemic
Coronavirus pandemic