Czernihów (Chernihiv) Voivodeship () was a unit of administrative division and local government in the
Kingdom of Poland (part of
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) from 1635 until
Khmelnytsky Uprising in 1648 (technically it existed up until 1654). Also it was used as a fictitious title in the Commonwealth until the
Partitions of Poland in 1772/1795. In 1635,
Marcin Kalinowski was the first
voivode (governor) of the Chernihiv Voivodeship.
The voivodeship was part of the
Lesser Poland Province, and was divided into two
counties: Czernihów and Nowogród Siewierski. Local
sejmiks took place at Czernihów, and it had two senators in the
Polish–Lithuanian Senate. Together with
Kijów Voivodeship (
Kyiv
Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ...
) and
Bracław Voivodeship (
Bratslav) it made the territory that came to be known as Ukraine.
History
The history of Czernihow Voivodeship dates back to 1618, when after the
Truce of Deulino, the Commonwealth gained control of the towns of
Smolensk, Czernihow and
Nowogród Siewierski. Since the truce was set to expire in 14.5 years, new acquisitions were not organized in official way. Smolensk was annexed by the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania, while both Czernihow and Nowogrod became part of the
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland forming the Duchy of Siveria.
[Kulakovskyi, P. ]
Chernihiv Voivodeship (ЧЕРНІГІВСЬКЕ ВОЄВОДСТВО)
'. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine[Kulakovskyi, P. ]
Duchy of Siveria (СІВЕРСЬКЕ КНЯЗІВСТВО)
'. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine In 1633, during the
Smolensk War, Polish Parliament (
Sejm) introduced a bill in which both land court and
starosta office were established at Czernihow. In 1634 the
Treaty of Polyanovka confirmed that Czernihow remained part of Poland, so finally in 1635 the Sejm created the voivodeship, with two senators – the
Voivode and the
Castellan of Czernihow. Both county elected two deputies to the Sejm, and one deputy to the Lesser Poland Tribunal at
Lublin. In 1637, construction of a fortress at
Konotop began, whose purpose was to protect the newly acquired province. The fortress was completed in 1642.
The Commonwealth lost control of the province as early as 1648, during the
Khmelnytsky Uprising. In the
Treaty of Hadiach (1658), the Duchy of Ruthenia was created out of Czernihow Voivodship,
Kiev Voivodeship and
Bracław Voivodeship. The idea however was quickly abandoned, and after the
Truce of Andrusovo (1667), Czernihow Voivodeship was annexed by the
Tsardom of Russia.
The history of Czernihow Voivodeship does not end in 1667. Following the example of other provinces lost by the Commonwealth in the mid-17th century (e.g.
Smolensk Voivodeship), the government in
Warsaw
Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...
continued to claim it as a titular voivodeship, with fictitious titles of voivode, senators, deputies and starostas named by the King, and remaining in use until the
Partitions of Poland. The
nobility
Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally appointed by and ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. T ...
of former Czernihow Voivodeship had its
sejmiks at
Wlodzimierz Wolynski. Last voivode of Czernihow was a man named Ludwik Wilga, nominated in 1783. In 1785,
Stanisław August Poniatowski gave fictitious title of starosta of Nowogrod Siewierski to
Tadeusz Czacki.
Zygmunt Gloger in his monumental book ''Historical Geography of the Lands of Old Poland'' gives a detailed description of Czernihow Voivodeship:
Seat and administrative division
Voivodeship Governor (
Wojewoda) seat:
*
Czerihów
Administrative divisions:
*
Czerihów County
*
Nowogród County
Voivodes
*
Marcin Kalinowski 1602–1652
*
Stefan Bieniewski 1598–1648
*
Krzysztof Łohojski-Tyszkiewicz 1616–1666
*
Stanisław Kazimierz Bieniewski 1611–1695
*
Mariusz Stanisław Jaskólski 1624–1683
*
Jan Gniński 1650–1703
*
Otto Fryderyk Felkerzamb 1641–1705
*
Franciszek Jan Załuski 1660–1735
*
Mikołaj Franciszek Krosnowski 1652–1723
*
Piotr Jan Potocki 1679–1726
*
Józef Lubomirski 1680–1732
*
Józef Remigian Potulicki 1732–1734
*
Jakub Florian Narzymski 1690–1759
*
Piotr Michał Miączyński 1695–1776
*
Franciszek Antoni Ledóchowski 1755–1835
*
Ludwik Wilga, died 1797
References
External links
Czernihow Voivodeship, description by Zygmunt Gloger''Central European Superpower''
Henryk Litwin, ''BUM Magazine'', October 2016.
{{coord, 51.493908, 31.284207, format=dms, display=title, type:landmark
Voivodeships of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Historical geography of Ukraine
1635 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1654 disestablishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Early modern history of Ukraine
History of Chernihiv Oblast