Czerniejewo (german: Schwarzenau) is a town and
municipality
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
in central
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
with 2,654 inhabitants as of December 2021.
It is situated in
Gniezno County
__NOTOC__
Gniezno County ( pl, powiat gnieźnieński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local g ...
, in the
Greater Poland Voivodeship
Greater Poland Voivodeship ( pl, Województwo wielkopolskie; ), also known as Wielkopolska Voivodeship, Wielkopolska Province, or Greater Poland Province, is a voivodeship, or province, in west-central Poland. It was created on 1 January 1999 ...
(since 1999), previously in
Poznań Voivodeship
Poznań Voivodeship was the name of several former administrative regions (''województwo'', rendered as ''voivodeship'' and usually translated as "province") in Poland, centered on the city of Poznań, although the exact boundaries changed over t ...
(1975–1998). Czerniejewo is located on the
Wrześnica River, in a predominantly farming area. It is 15 km from
Gniezno
Gniezno (; german: Gnesen; la, Gnesna) is a city in central-western Poland, about east of Poznań. Its population in 2021 was 66,769, making it the sixth-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. One of the Piast dynasty's chief cities, ...
, and 12 km from
Września
Września (german: Wreschen) is a town in west-central Poland with 28,600 inhabitants (1995). It is situated in the Września County, Greater Poland Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Poznań Voivodeship (1975–1998), on the Wrześnica R ...
.
History
![Bundesarchiv R 49 Bild-0138, Polen, Wartheland, Aussiedlung von Polen](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0138%2C_Polen%2C_Wartheland%2C_Aussiedlung_von_Polen.jpg)
Human settlement in Czerniejewo dates back to
prehistoric times
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of ...
, however, the earliest mention of the settlement comes from 1284. It was a royal possession from then until 1386 when Polish King
Władysław II Jagiełło
Jogaila (; 1 June 1434), later Władysław II Jagiełło ()He is known under a number of names: lt, Jogaila Algirdaitis; pl, Władysław II Jagiełło; be, Jahajła (Ягайла). See also: Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło. ...
gave it to from
Szubin. At that time the town already had the
right to hold markets. By 1390 the town had full
Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...
. In 1581 King
Stephen Báthory
Stephen Báthory ( hu, Báthory István; pl, Stefan Batory; ; 27 September 1533 – 12 December 1586) was Voivode of Transylvania (1571–1576), Prince of Transylvania (1576–1586), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576–1586) ...
granted the town the right to hold trade
fairs. Czerniejewo was a
private town
A private town is a town owned by a private person or a family.
History of Private Towns in Poland
In the history of Poland, private towns (''miasta prywatne'') were towns within the lands owned by magnates, bishops, knights, princes, etc.
...
of
Polish nobility, administratively located in the Gniezno County in the
Kalisz Voivodeship in the
. It often changed owners, among which were the Czarnkowski family (from 1594 to 1644) and the
Opaliński family
Opaliński (plural Opalińscy) was the name of an old and notable Polish noble family which produced one Queen Consort of Poland.
History
They originated from the town of Opalenica and used the Coat of arms of Łodzia. They were powerful ...
(from 1644 to 1726). In 1771 General Jan Lipski began building a palace, adjacent to the town, which was completed in 1780.
In the
Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian W ...
, in 1793, Czerniejewo was annexed by
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...
, and was called ''Schwarzenau''. From 1807 to 1815 it was part of the short-lived Polish
Duchy of Warsaw
The Duchy of Warsaw ( pl, Księstwo Warszawskie, french: Duché de Varsovie, german: Herzogtum Warschau), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during ...
and in 1815 returned to Prussia as part of the
Grand Duchy of Poznań
The Grand Duchy of Posen (german: Großherzogtum Posen; pl, Wielkie Księstwo Poznańskie) was part of the Kingdom of Prussia, created from territories annexed by Prussia after the Partitions of Poland, and formally established following th ...
. In 1871 it became part of
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
. The town was connected to the German railway system in 1875. In 1918, following
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, Poland regained independence, and in 1918-1919 the inhabitants participated in the large
Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) Greater Poland Uprising (also Wielkopolska Uprising or Great Poland Uprising) may refer to a number of armed rebellions in the region of Greater Poland:
* Greater Poland Uprising (1794)
* Greater Poland Uprising (1806)
Greater Poland uprisin ...
, and the town was reintegrated with the reborn Polish state under its historic name Czerniejewo.
During the
invasion of Poland
The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week aft ...
, which started
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
in September 1939, the town was invaded and then
occupied by Germany. The first
expulsions of local
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
inhabitants were carried out by the occupiers in November and December 1939. In January 1945, the
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...
captured the town, and afterwards it was restored to Poland.
Notable residents
*
Onufry Kopczyński (1736–1817), educator and grammarian of the
Polish language
Polish (Polish: ''język polski'', , ''polszczyzna'' or simply ''polski'', ) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group written in the Latin script. It is spoken primarily in Poland and serves as the native language of the Poles. In a ...
during the
Polish Enlightenment
The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland were developed later than in Western Europe, as the Polish bourgeoisie was weaker, and szlachta (nobility) culture (Sarmatism) together with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth political system (Gol ...
Gallery
Czerniejewo 94G-01.jpg, Main gate to the Lipski Palace
Czerniejewo 94G-27.jpg, Piła pond in the Palace Park
Czerniejewo 94F-15.jpg, Saint John the Baptist church
Czerniejewo wozownia 80 24715.JPG, Old carriage house
A carriage house, also called a remise or coach house, is an outbuilding which was originally built to house horse-drawn carriages and the related tack.
In Great Britain the farm building was called a cart shed. These typically were open ...
References
::''This article is based in part on material from the
Polish Wikipedia
The Polish Wikipedia ( pl, Polskojęzyczna Wikipedia) is the Polish-language edition of Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia. Founded on September 26, 2001, it now has more than articles, making it the -largest Wikipedia edition overall. ''.
External links
Czerniejewo official town webpagein
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
;
map of Czerniejewo area from Szukacz
*
ttps://web.archive.org/web/20120205211738/http://www.czerniejewo.friko.pl/Historia.html History of Czerniejewoin
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
;
Czerniejewo official municipal (gmina) webpagein
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
;
{{Authority control
Cities and towns in Greater Poland Voivodeship
Gniezno County
Poznań Voivodeship (1921–1939)