Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski (9 July 1885 – 20 April 1940) was an aristocratic

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken *Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...

landowner and wine producer. Following the German and

Soviet invasions of Poland The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

in September 1939 the Czarkowski-Golejewskis were thrown out of their

home A home, or domicile, is a space used as a permanent or semi-permanent residence for one or many humans, and sometimes various companion animals. It is a fully or semi sheltered space and can have both interior and exterior aspects to it. H ...

at Wysuczka. In April 1940 Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski became a victim of the

Katyn massacre The Katyn massacre, "Katyń crime"; russian: link=yes, Катынская резня ''Katynskaya reznya'', "Katyn massacre", or russian: link=no, Катынский расстрел, ''Katynsky rasstrel'', "Katyn execution" was a series of m ...

Life

Provenance and early years

Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski was born at

Lviv Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine ...

which before

1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to ...

was part of

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

. His father, Tadeusz Czarkowski-Golejewski (1850-1945) was also a land owner: Tadeusz Czarkowski-Golejewski had, in addition, become involved in politics, serving as a member of the

Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria *german: Landtag von Galizien , native_name_lang = , transcription_name = , legislature = , coa_pic = Wappen Königreich Galizien & Lodomerien.png , coa_caption = Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodome ...

between 1908 and 1913, during the time when the entire region was still part of the Austrian empire. His mother, born Marii Zaleskiej (1862-1893), also had an aristocratic background. Cyryl's younger brother, Wiktor Czarkowski-Golejewski, was a cavalry officer who in 1940, also fell victim to the

Viticulture

In 1903 he graduated from the presitious Wincenty Pol state secondary school at

Ternopil Ternópil ( uk, Тернопіль, Ternopil' ; pl, Tarnopol; yi, טאַרנאָפּל, Tarnopl, or ; he, טארנופול (טַרְנוֹפּוֹל), Tarnopol; german: Tarnopol) is a city in the west of Ukraine. Administratively, Ternopi ...

, obtaining high marks in his school final exams. His father now entrusted him with management of the family estates at Wysuczka in the hill country south of

, and at that time still in the Austrian province of Galicia. Here he ran a

vineyard A vineyard (; also ) is a plantation of grape-bearing vines, grown mainly for winemaking, but also raisins, table grapes and non-alcoholic grape juice. The science, practice and study of vineyard production is known as viticulture. Vineyards ...

which, at approximately 30

hectare The hectare (; SI symbol: ha) is a non-SI metric unit of area equal to a square with 100-metre sides (1 hm2), or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land. There are 100 hectares in one square kilometre. An acre is a ...

s, was the largest in the so-called eastern borderlands of what became, after

1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...

the Polish Republic. By the time the Polish Republic met its end the Wysuczka winery was one of just two such enterprises in the entire country.

Connections

During the 1920s and 1930s Czarkowski-Golejewski played an active role in the local business community and more widely. Along with his family estates, he owned land and properties in the adjacent village of Wołkowce. He was a member of the Arab Horse-

breeding Breeding is sexual reproduction that produces offspring, usually animals or plants. It can only occur between a male and a female animal or plant. Breeding may refer to: * Animal husbandry, through selected specimens such as dogs, horses, and rab ...

Association in Poland. A dedicated countryman, in 1927 he published his book entitled (loosely) "Memories of Rutting Country" which contained personal narratives involving hunting adventures between 1904 and 1919. During the 1930s he served as president of the Podolsko-Pokuckiego orchard holders' association.

War and murder

War came to

eastern Poland Eastern Poland is a macroregion in Poland comprising the Lublin, Podkarpackie, Podlaskie, Świętokrzyskie, and Warmian-Masurian voivodeships. The make-up of the distinct macroregion is based not only of geographical criteria, but also econo ...

with the

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

invasion of 17 September 1939. Czarkowski-Golejewski was arrested on his estate at Wysuczka by officers of the Soviet security service on 21 September 1939. His younger brother had already been arrested four days earlier. He was one of those detained in the camp at

Kozelsk Kozelsk (russian: Козе́льск) is a town and the administrative center of Kozelsky District in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Zhizdra River (Oka's tributary), southwest of Kaluga, the administrative center of the oblast. Populatio ...

. There remains a lack of precision over the dating of the massacres grouped together in sources and defined collectively as the

, but the operation is believed to have been approved by the Soviet party politburo in March 1940. Of those killed, approximartely 8,000 were officers imprisoned during the 1939

Soviet invasion of Poland The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military operation by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war. On 17 September 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east, 16 days after Nazi Germany invaded Poland from the west. Subse ...

, another 6,000 were police officers, and the remaining 8,000 were Polish intelligentsia the Soviets deemed to be " intelligence agents, gendarmes, landowners, saboteurs, factory owners, lawyers, officials, and priests". Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski and his younger brother were among those killed. Their names are among the 3,435 included on the so-called

Ukrainian Katyn List The Ukrainian Katyn List (Ukraińska Lista Katyńska) also known as the Tsvetukhin List (Lista Cwietuchina) is the list of Polish citizens murdered by the NKVD in Ukraine on the basis of the decision of the Politburo of the All-Union Communist Pa ...

dated 25 November 1940 and forwarded to Poland's then deputy Prosecutor General, Stefan Śnieżko, by General Andrija Chomicza, a senior member of the

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

security service, on 5 May 1994. Physical remains of

victims are believed to be among those buried at the unmarked mass grave site known as the

Bykivnia graves , image = , caption = Bykivnia central monument , image2 = , caption2 = Map of Bykivnia grave site , header1 = , data1 = , label2 = Location , data2 = Kyiv, Ukraine , label3 = Founded , data3 = April 30, 1994 (as a complex). , label4 = Purpos ...

, a short distance from the centre of

Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...

Personal

Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski married Izabela Jaxa-Małachowska (1885 - 1958) at Stryjówka on 15 August 1908. Their marriage was followed by the births of their six recorded children:

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Czarkowski-Golejewski, Cyril 1885 births 1940 deaths 20th-century Polish landowners Businesspeople from Lviv People from Ternopil People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Polish Austro-Hungarians Polish diarists Viticulturists Polish winemakers Katyn massacre victims Polish nobility Polish civilians killed in World War II