The Carbonera pupfish (''Cyprinodon fontinalis''), also known as the Perrito de carbonera, is a small,

endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and inva ...

species of

pupfish Pupfish are a group of small killifish belonging to ten genera of the family Cyprinodontidae of ray-finned fish. Pupfish are especially noted for being found in extreme and isolated situations. They are primarily found in North America, South Am ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Cyprinodontidae. It is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

to springs and associated waters at Bolsón de los Muertos in northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico. It was last rated by the

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...

in 1996 where considered

, but most subpopulations now appear to be extirpated, while a few are

extinct in the wild A species that is extinct in the wild (EW) is one that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as known only by living members kept in captivity or as a naturalized population outside its historic range due ...

(still survive in captivity). In 2012, it only survived in the wild in a single spring (having once occurred in nine), which also was the last remaining habitat for the largemouth shiner (''Cyprinella bocagrande'') and the dwarf crayfish ''

Cambarellus chihuahuae ''Cambarellus'' is a genus of small freshwater crayfish in the family Cambaridae. The 19 species are found in Mexico (subgenus ''Cambarellus'') and the Gulf States of the United States (subgenus ''Pandicambarus''). Among the Mexican species, '' ...

''. As this single spring was declining, it was decided to move some individuals of all three species to a nearby refuge in 2014 as a safeguard.

References

Cyprinodon Pupfish, Carbonera Pupfish, Carbonera Fauna of the Chihuahuan Desert Pupfish, Carbonera Pupfish, Carbonera Taxa named by Michael Leonard Smith Taxa named by Robert Rush Miller Fish described in 1980 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Cyprinodontiformes-stub