''Cyphostemma'' is a
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Vitaceae
The Vitaceae are a family of flowering plants, with 14 genera and around 910 known species, including common plants such as grapevines (''Vitis'' spp.) and Virginia creeper (''Parthenocissus quinquefolia''). The family name is derived from the ge ...
, with around 250 species distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. These
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
are
caudiciform and used to belong to the genus ''
Cissus
''Cissus'' is a genus of approximately 350 species of lianas ( woody vines) in the grape family ( Vitaceae). They have a cosmopolitan distribution, though the majority are to be found in the tropics.
Uses Medicinal
'' Cissus quadrangularis'' h ...
''.
[ The genus name comes from ]Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
''kyphos'', meaning ''hump'', and ''stemma'', meaning ''garland''.
Within the Vitaceae, ''Cyphostemma'' is most closely related to ''Cayratia
The genus ''Cayratia'' consists of species of vine plants, typical of the tribe Cayratieae. Some of them are useful, and they are found in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa, Australia, and islands of the Pacific Ocean.
Within the V ...
'' and ''Tetrastigma
''Tetrastigma'' is a genus of plants in the grape family, Vitaceae. The plants are lianas that climb with tendrils and have palmately compound leaves. Plants are dioecious, with separate male and female plants; female flowers are characterized ...
''. All species of ''Cyphostemma'' were once included in the genus ''Cissus'' but are now considered to be distinct.
Distribution
They originate from Northeast Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
to southern Arabia
The Arabian Peninsula, (; ar, شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, , "Arabian Peninsula" or , , "Island of the Arabs") or Arabia, is a peninsula of Western Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate. ...
, in particular from Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
through to Indochina
Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula or Indochina, is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west an ...
.
Species
#'' C. abercornense'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. adamii'' Desc.
#'' C. adenanthum'' (Fresen.) Desc.
#'' C. adenocarpum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. adenocaule'' (Steud. ''ex'' A.Rich.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. adenocephalum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. adenopodum'' (Sprague) Desc.
#'' C. agnus-castus'' (Planch.) Desc.
#'' C. allophyloides'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. alnifolium'' (Schweinf. ''ex'' Planch.) Desc.
#'' C. amplexicaule'' Desc.
#'' C. anatomicum'' (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. ankirihitrensis'' Desc.
#'' C. auriculata'' (Roxb.) P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
#'' C. auriculatum'' (Roxb.) P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
#'' C. bainesii'' (Hook.f.) Desc.
#'' C. bambuseti'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. barbosae'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. betiforme'' (Chiov.) Vollesen
#'' C. bidgoodiae'' Verdc.
#'' C. biternatum'' (Baker) Desc.
#'' C. boranense'' Vollesen
#'' C. bororense'' (Klotzsch) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. braunii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. brieyi'' (De Wild.) Compère
#'' C. buchananii'' (Planch.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. bullatum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. burgeri'' Vollesen
#'' C. cabui'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. camerounense'' Desc.
#'' C. chevalieri'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. chloroleucum'' (Welw.''ex'' Baker) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. chrysadenium'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. cirrhosum'' (Thunb.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. congestum'' (Baker) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. congoense'' (auct.) Desc.
#'' C. connivens'' (Lam.) Desc.
#'' C. conradsii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. cornigera'' Desc.
#'' C. cornus-africani'' Thulin
#'' C. crassiusculum'' (Baker) Desc.
#'' C. crinitum'' (Planch.) Desc.
#'' C. cristigera'' Desc.
#'' C. crithmifolium'' (Chiov.) Desc.
#'' C. crotalarioides'' (Planch.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. cryptoglandulosum'' Verdc.
#'' C. cuneatum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. currorii'' (Hook.f.) Desc.
#'' C. curvipodum'' (Baker) Desc.
#'' C. cymosum'' (Schumach. & Thonn.) Desc.
#'' C. cyphopetalum'' (Fresen.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. dasycarpum'' Verdc.
#'' C. dasypleurum'' (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
#'' C. decurrens'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. degraeri'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. delphinensis'' Desc.
#'' C. dembianensis'' (Chiov.) Vollesen
#'' C. descoingsii'' Lavie
#'' C. desenfansii'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. digitatum'' (Forssk.) Desc.
#'' C. duparquettii'' (Planch.) Desc.
#'' C. dysocarpum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. echinocarpa'' Desc.
#'' C. egregium'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. elephantopus'' Desc.
#'' C. elisabethvilleanum'' (Dewit) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. eminii'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. engleri'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. erythreae'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. erythrocephalum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. feddeanum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. flavicans'' (Baker) Desc.
#'' C. flaviflorum'' (Sprague) Desc.
#'' C. fragariifolium'' (Bojer ''ex'' Planch.) Desc.
#'' C. fugosioides'' (Gilg) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. gigantophyllum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. gillettii'' (De Wild. & T.Durand) Desc.
#'' C. glandulosissimum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. glanduloso-pilosa'' Desc.
#'' C. gracillimum'' (Werderm.) Desc.
#'' C. grahamii'' Verdc.
#'' C. grandistipulatum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. graniticum'' (Wild & R.B.Drumm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. greenwayi'' Verdc.
#'' C. greveanum'' Desc.
#'' C. griseorubrum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. hardyi'' Retief
#'' C. haumanii'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. hereroense'' (Schinz) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. heterotrichum'' (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. hildebrandtii'' (Gilg) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. hispidiflorum'' (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
#'' C. homblei'' (De Wild.) Desc.
#'' C. horombense'' Desc.
#'' C. huillense'' (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
#'' C. humile'' (N.E.Br.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. hypargyreum'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. hypoleucum'' (Harv.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. jaegeri'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. jiguu'' Verdc.
#'' C. johannis'' (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
#'' C. juttae'' (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. kaniamae'' (Mullend. ''ex'' Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. kapiriense'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. keilii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. kibweziense'' Verdc.
#'' C. kilimandscharicum'' (Gilg) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. kirkianum'' (Planch.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. kiwakishiense'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. knittelii'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. kundelunguense'' Malaisse
#'' C. lageniflorum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. lanigerum'' (Harv.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. laza'' Desc.
#'' C. leandrii'' Desc.
#'' C. ledermannii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. lelyi'' (Hutch.) Desc.
#'' C. lentianum'' (Volkens & Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. letouzeyanum'' Desc.
#'' C. leucorufescens'' Desc.
#'' C. leucotrichum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. libenii'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. loandense'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. lovemorei'' Willd. & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. luteum'' (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
#'' C. lynesii'' (Dewit) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. macrocarpa'' Desc.
#'' C. manambovensis'' Desc.
#'' C. manikense'' (De Wild.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. mannii'' (Baker) Desc.
#'' C. mappia'' (Lam.) Galet
#'' C. maranguense'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. marlothii'' (Dinter & Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. marunguense'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. masukuense'' (Baker) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. megabotrys'' (Collett & Hemsl.) B.V.Shetty
#'' C. meyeri-johannis'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Verdc.
#'' C. michelii'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. micradenium'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. microdipterum'' (Baker) Desc.
#'' C. migiurtinorum'' (Chiov.) Desc.
#'' C. mildbraedii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. milleri'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. molle'' (Steud. ''ex'' A.Rich.) Desc.
#'' C. montagnacii'' Desc.
#'' C. montanum'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. muhuluense'' (Mildbr.) Desc.
#'' C. nanellum'' (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. natalitium'' (Szyszyl.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
#'' C. nigroglandulosum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. niveum'' (Hochst. ''ex'' Schweinf.) Desc.
#'' C. njegerre'' (Gilg & Strauss) Desc.
#'' C. obovato-oblongum'' (De Wild.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. odontadenium'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. oleraceum'' (Bolus) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
#'' C. omburense'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. ornatum'' (A.Chev. ''ex'' Hutch. & Dalziel) Desc.
#'' C. ouakense'' Desc.
#'' C. overlaetii'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. oxyphyllum'' (A.Rich.) Vollesen
#'' C. pachyanthum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. pachypus'' Desc.
#'' C. pannosum'' Vollesen
#'' C. passargei'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. paucidentatum'' (Klotzsch) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. pendulum'' (Welw. ex Baker) Desc..
#'' C. perforatum'' (Louis ''ex'' Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. phyllomicron'' (Chiov.) Desc.
#'' C. pobeguinianum'' Desc.
#'' C. princeae'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. pruriens'' (Welw. ''ex'' Baker) Desc.
#'' C. pseudoburgeri'' Verdc.
#'' C. pseudonjegerre'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. pseudorhodesiae'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. pseudosesquipedale'' Verdc.
#'' C. pseudoupembaense'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. puberulum'' (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. pumilum'' Desc.
#'' C. quinatum'' (Dryand.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. rhodesiae'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. richardsiae'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. ringoetii'' (De Wild.) Desc.
#'' C. rivae'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. robsonii'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. robynsii'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. roseiglandulosum'' Desc.
#'' C. rotundistipulatum'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. rowlandii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. ruacanense'' (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
#'' C. rubroglandulosum'' Retief & B.-E.van Wyk
#'' C. rubromarginatum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. rubrosetosum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. rupicola'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. rutilans'' Desc.
#'' C. sakalavensis'' Desc.
#'' C. sanctuarium-selousii'' Verdc.
#'' C. sarcospathulum'' (Chiov.) Desc.
#'' C. saxicola'' (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. saxicolum'' (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. scarlatinum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. schimperi'' (Hochst. ''ex'' A.Rich.) Desc.
#'' C. schlechteri'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. schliebenii'' (Mildbr.) Desc.
#'' C. segmentatum'' (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
#'' C. seitzianum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. septemfoliatum'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. serjanioides'' (Planch.) Desc.
#'' C. serpens'' (Hochst. ''ex'' A.Rich.) Desc.
#'' C. sesquipedale'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. sessilifolium'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. setosum'' (Roxb.) Alston
#'' C. shinyangense'' Verdc.
#'' C. simplicifolium'' A.Björnstad
#'' C. simulans'' (C.A.Sm.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. sokodense'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. spinosopilosum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. stefanianum'' (Chiov.) Desc.
#'' C. stefaninianum'' (Chiov.) Desc.
#'' C. stegosaurus'' Verdc.
#'' C. stenolobum'' (Welw. ''ex'' Baker) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. stenopodum'' (Gilg ''ex'' Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. stipulaceum'' (Baker) Desc.
#'' C. strigosum'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. subciliatum'' (Baker) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. sulcatum'' (C.A.Sm.) J.J.M.Van der Merwe
#'' C. taborense'' Verdc.
#'' C. tenuissimum'' (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. ternatomultifidum'' (Chiov.) Desc.
#'' C. ternatum'' (Forssk.) Desc.
#'' C. thomasii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. tisserantii'' Desc.
#'' C. trachyphyllum'' (Werderm.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. trilobata'' (Lam.) M.R.Almeida
#'' C. triumfettoides'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. tsaratananensis'' Desc.
#'' C. ukerewense'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. upembaense'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. urophyllum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. uter'' (Exell & Mendonça) Desc.
#'' C. uwanda'' Verdc.
#'' C. vandenbergheae'' Malaisse & Matamba
#'' C. vandenbrandeanum'' (Dewit) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. vanderbenii'' (Dewit) Desc.
#'' C. vanmeelii'' (Lawalrée) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. vezensis'' Desc.
#'' C. villosicaule'' Verdc.
#'' C. villosiglandulosum'' (Werderm.) Desc.
#'' C. violaceoglandulosum'' (Gilg) Desc.
#'' C. viscosum'' (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. vogelii'' (Hook.f.) Desc.
#'' C. vollesenii'' Verdc.
#'' C. waterlotii'' (A.Chev.) Desc.
#'' C. wilmsii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. wittei'' (Staner) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
#'' C. woodii'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. zanzibaricum'' Verdc.
#'' C. zechianum'' (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc.
#'' C. zimmermannii'' Verdc.
#'' C. zombense'' (Baker) Desc. ''ex'' Wild & R.B.Drumm.
: List sources :[Grubben, G. J. H]
Vegetables.
PROTA. 2004.[NOTE: Each species from the list at Tropicos.org was also checked against its corresponding entry at ''theplantlist.org'' for accepted status before being included on this page. Species listed at ''theplantlist'' that were as yet unresolved were included on this list. ]
References
External links
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1941482
Vitaceae genera