''Cynoglossus'' is a genus of fish in the family Cynoglossidae. Most species are indigenous to the

Indo-Pacific The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...

region, but there are also a few in warmer parts of the East Atlantic. They are commonly found in shallow waters on a muddy or sandy bottom, including estuaries and a few species are restricted to

fresh water Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include ...

. One species '' Cynoglossus sinusarabici'' has invaded the Mediterranean Sea through the

Suez Canal The Suez Canal ( arz, قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ, ') is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia. The long canal is a popular ...

from the Red Sea, a process known as Lessepsian or Erythrean migration.

Species

There are currently 67 recognized species in this genus: * '' Cynoglossus abbreviatus'' ( J. E. Gray, 1834) (Three-lined tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus acaudatus'' Gilchrist, 1906 (Natal tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus acutirostris''

Norman Norman or Normans may refer to: Ethnic and cultural identity * The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 10th and 11th centuries ** People or things connected with the Norm ...

, 1939 (Sharp-nose tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus arel'' (

Bloch Bloch is a surname of German origin. Notable people with this surname include: A–F * (1859-1914), French rabbi *Adele Bloch-Bauer (1881-1925), Austrian entrepreneur *Albert Bloch (1882–1961), American painter * (born 1972), German motor journal ...

& J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Large-scale tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus attenuatus'' Gilchrist, 1904 * '' Cynoglossus brachycephalus''

Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Cynoglossus broadhursti'' Waite, 1905 (Southern tongue sole) * ''

Cynoglossus browni ''Cynoglossus browni'', commonly known as the Nigerian tonguesole is a species of tonguefish. It is commonly found in Eastern Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It c ...

'' Chabanaud, 1949 (Nigerian tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus cadenati'' Chabanaud, 1947 (Ghanaian tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus canariensis''

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...

, 1882 (Canary tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus capensis'' ( Kaup, 1858) (Sand tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus carpenteri''

Alcock Alcock is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Notable people with the surname Alcock * Alfred William Alcock, British naturalist * C. W. Alcock, British sports administrator and creator of the FA Cup * Charles R. Alcock, American ...

, 1889 (Hooked tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus crepida'' Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2017, (Bluntnose deepwater tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus cynoglossus'' ( F. Hamilton, 1822) (Bengal tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus dispar'' F. Day, 1877 (Round-head tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus dollfusi'' ( Chabanaud, 1931) Munroe, T.A. & Kong, X.-Y. (2016): Resolving uncertainties regarding the nomenclature and status of the Tongue Soles, ''Paraplagusia dollfusi'' Chabanaud, 1931 and ''‘‘Cynoglossus (Trulla) dollfusi'' (Chabanaud, 1937)’’ (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae). ''Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 129 (1): 10-23.'' * '' Cynoglossus dubius'' F. Day, 1873 (Carrot tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus durbanensis''

Regan The family name Regan, along with its cognates O'Regan, O Regan, Reagan, and O'Reagan, is an Anglicized form of the Irish surname Ó Riagáin or Ó Ríogáin, from Ua Riagáin. The meaning is likely to have originated in ancient Gaelic ''ri'' ...

, 1921 (Durban tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus feldmanni'' (

Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Cynoglossus gilchristi''

, 1920 (Ripple-fin tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus gracilis'' Günther, 1873 * '' Cynoglossus heterolepis'' M. C. W. Weber, 1910 (Freshwater tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus interruptus'' Günther, 1880 (Genko tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus itinus'' ( Snyder, 1909) * '' Cynoglossus joyneri'' Günther, 1878 (Red tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus kapuasensis'' Fowler, 1905 * '' Cynoglossus kopsii'' (

Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Cynoglossus lachneri''

Menon Menon may refer to: People *Menon (subcaste), an honorary title accorded to some members of the Nair community of Kerala, southern India; used as a surname by many holders of the title Surnamed *Menon (surname), the surname of several people Give ...

, 1977 (Lachner's tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus lida'' (

Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Cynoglossus lighti''

, 1925 * '' Cynoglossus lineolatus''

, 1867 * '' Cynoglossus lingua'' F. Hamilton, 1822 (Long tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus maccullochi''

, 1926 * '' Cynoglossus macrolepidotus'' (

Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Cynoglossus macrophthalmus''

, 1926 (Big-eyed tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus macrostomus''

, 1928 (Malabar tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus maculipinnis''

Rendahl Carl Hialmar Rendahl (born Jönköping 26 December 1891; died Stockholm 2 May 1969) was a Swedish zoologist, cartoonist and painter. He is most famous in Sweden for his authorship of ''Fågelboken'', the "bird book" which sold 60,000 copies. Renda ...

( de), 1921 * '' Cynoglossus marleyi''

, 1921 * '' Cynoglossus melampetalus'' ( J. Richardson, 1846) * '' Cynoglossus microlepis'' (

Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Cynoglossus monodi'' Chabanaud, 1949 (Guinean tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus monopus'' (

Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Cynoglossus nanhaiensis'' Z. M. Wang,

Munroe Munroe is a derivation of the Scottish surname Munro (surname), Munro, and may refer to: In politics * Allen Munroe (1819–1884), New York politician * Daniel Munroe Forney, Congressional Representative from North Carolina * George H. Munroe (18 ...

& X. Y. Kong, 2016 (Nanhai tongue sole) Wang, Z.-m., Munroe, T.A. & Kong, X.-y. (2016): A new species of tongue sole (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae: ''Cynoglossus'') from coastal waters of the South China Sea. ''Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 129 (1): 129–143.'' * '' Cynoglossus nigropinnatus''

Ochiai Ochiai (written: ) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: *, Japanese voice actor *, Japanese judoka, karateka and writer *, Japanese baseball player and manager *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese film director *, Japanese ...

, 1963 * '' Cynoglossus ochiaii'' Yokogawa, Endo & Sakaji, 2008 * '' Cynoglossus ogilbyi''

, 1926 * '' Cynoglossus oligolepis'' (

Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Cynoglossus pottii''

, 1902 * '' Cynoglossus praecisus''

, 1890 * '' Cynoglossus puncticeps'' ( J. Richardson, 1846) (Speckled tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus purpureomaculatus''

, 1905 * '' Cynoglossus quadrilineatus'' (

Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Nomenclature and identity of the tongue soles ''Paraplagusia bilineata'', ''“Cynoglossus bilineatus”'' and ''Paraplagusia blochii'' (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes).
''Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 61 (2): 763–766.'' * '' Cynoglossus quadriocellatus'' R. Fricke, 2020 Fricke, R. 2020. Cynoglossus quadriocellatus, a new species of tonguesole from Western Australia (Teleostei: Cynoglossidae). FishTaxa 18: 6-17 , https://www.fishtaxa.com/index.php/ft/article/view/18-2/170 * '' Cynoglossus robustus'' Günther, 1873 * '' Cynoglossus roulei'' H. W. Wu, 1932 * '' Cynoglossus sealarki''

, 1908 * '' Cynoglossus semifasciatus'' F. Day, 1877 (Bengal tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus semilaevis'' Günther, 1873 (Tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus senegalensis'' ( Kaup, 1858) (Senegalese tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus sibogae'' M. C. W. Weber, 1913 * '' Cynoglossus sinicus'' H. W. Wu, 1932 * '' Cynoglossus sinusarabici'' ( Chabanaud, 1931) (Red Sea tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus suyeni'' Fowler, 1934 * '' Cynoglossus trigrammus'' Günther, 1862 * '' Cynoglossus trulla'' ( Cantor, 1849) (Macau tongue sole) * '' Cynoglossus versicolor''

, 1890 * '' Cynoglossus waandersii'' (

Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Cynoglossus xiphoideus'' Günther, 1862 * '' Cynoglossus zanzibarensis''

, 1939 (Zanzibar tongue sole)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2323124 Cynoglossidae Ray-finned fish genera Taxa named by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton