''Cyclostrema'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of
sea snails,
marine gastropod mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Liotiidae.
''Cyclostrema'' is a neuter word, but many authors have considered it feminine, including Captain Marryat himself.
A complete revision of the family Liotiidae is under way (2013). Many species, now included in ''Cyclostrema'', will eventually end up outside the family Liotiidae. (pers. comm.)
Description
The characteristics of this genus are: The depressed shell is white, or uniformly colored. The
body whorl is obliquely striate. The
spire
A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires a ...
short. The
aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane.
An ...
is circular. The
umbilicus is very large with the volutions of the
whorls visible within it. The surface contains spiral ridges and is cancellated.
Species
Species within the genus ''Cyclostrema'' include:
* ''
Cyclostrema alveolatum''
Jousseaume, 1872 (taxon inquirendum)
* ''
Cyclostrema amabile''
(Dall, 1889)
* ''
Cyclostrema annuliferum''
Dautzenberg, 1910
* ''
Cyclostrema archeri''
Tryon, 1888
* ''
Cyclostrema bibi''
Espinosa, Ortea, Fernandez-Garcés & Moro, 2007
* ''
Cyclostrema bushi''
Dautzenberg & H. Fisher, 1906
* ''
Cyclostrema cancellatum
''Cyclostrema cancellatum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Liotiidae.
Description
The size of the shell varies between 8 mm and 15 mm. The white, sublenticular shell is flattened convex above, ...
''
Marryat, 1818
* ''
Cyclostrema carinatum''
H. Adams, 1873
* ''
Cyclostrema charmophron''
Melvill, 1906
* ''
Cyclostrema cingulatum''
Philippi, 1853
* ''
Cyclostrema crassiolatum''
Strebel, 1908
* ''
Cyclostrema densilaminata''
Verco, 1907
* ''
Cyclostrema dollfusi''
Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1896
* ''
Cyclostrema dunkeri''
Tryon, 1888
* ''
Cyclostrema eumares''
Melvill, 1904
* ''
Cyclostrema eupoietum''
Melvill, 1904
* ''
Cyclostrema exiguum''
Philippi, 1849
* ''
Cyclostrema gyalum''
Melvill, 1904
* ''
Cyclostrema huesonicum''
(Dall, 1927)
* ''
Cyclostrema lacteum''
Jousseaume, 1872 (status: uncertain - unassessed)
* ''
Cyclostrema marchei''
Jousseaume, 1872
* ''
Cyclostrema ocrinium''
Melvill & Standen, 1901
* ''
Cyclostrema pentegoniostoma''
Carpenter, 1856: (taxon inquirendum)
* ''
Cyclostrema philippii''
Issel, 1869 (taxon inquirendum)
* ''
Cyclostrema placens''
(Melvill & Standen, 1901)
* ''
Cyclostrema pompholyx''
(Dall, 1889)
* ''
Cyclostrema prominulum''
Melvill & Standen, 1903
* ''
Cyclostrema quadricarinatum''
Melvill & Standen, 1901
* ''
Cyclostrema quinquecarinatum''
Melvill, 1906
* ''
Cyclostrema quinquestriatum''
Melvill, 1912
* ''
Cyclostrema smithi''
Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897
* ''
Cyclostrema solariellum''
Melvill, 1893
* ''
Cyclostrema spiculigerum''
Melvill, 1912
* ''
Cyclostrema spirula''
A. Adams, 1850
* ''
Cyclostrema subexcavatum''
Tryon, 1888
* ''
Cyclostrema supremum''
Melvill & Standen, 1903
* ''
Cyclostrema sykesi''
Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1897
* ''
Cyclostrema tortuganum''
(Dall, 1927)
* ''
Cyclostrema virginiae''
Jousseaume, 1872
The following species are also mentioned in OBIS (the Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database):
* ''
Cyclostrema japonicum''
Sakurai & Habe, 1977
* ''
Cyclostrema novemcarinatum''
(Melvill, 1906)
* ''
Cyclostrema reeveana''
(Hinds) A. Adams, 1850
* ''
Cyclostrema spinosa''
Tenison-Woods, 1877
* ''
Cyclostrema tornata''
A. Adams in Sowerby, 1863
* ''
Cyclostrema torridum''
Hedley, 1909
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Cyclostrema affine''
A. E. Verrill, 1884: synonym of ''
Skenea proxima''
(Tryon, 1888)
* ''Cyclostrema ammonoceras''
A. Adams, 1863: synonym of ''
Munditiella ammonoceras''
(A. Adams, 1863)
* ''Cyclostrema angulatum''
auct. non A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''
Cyclostremiscus beauii''
(P. Fischer, 1857)
* ''Cyclostrema annellarium''
Melvill & Standen, 1903: synonym of ''
Cyclostrema archeri''
Tryon, 1888
* ''Cyclostrema areolatum''
Sars, 1878: synonym of ''
Skenea areolata''
(Sars, 1878)
* ''Cyclostrema baldridgei''
Bartsch, 1911: synonym of ''
Cyclostremiscus baldridgae''
(Bartsch, 1911)
* ''Cyclostrema bartschi''
Mansfield, 1936: synonym of ''
Cyclostremiscus veleronis''
(A. M. Strong & Hertlein, 1947)
* ''Cyclostrema basistriatum''
Jeffreys, 1877: synonym of ''
Skenea basistriata''
(Jeffreys, 1877)
* ''Cyclostrema bastowi''
Gatliff, 1906: synonym of ''
Orbitestella bastowi''
(Gatliff, 1906)
* ''Cyclostrema bicarinatum''
Guppy, 1866 †: synonym of ''
Cyclostremiscus beauii''
(P. Fischer, 1857)
* ''Cyclostrema biporcata''
A. Adams, 1863: synonym of ''
Pygmaerota biporcata''
(A. Adams, 1863)
* ''Cyclostrema calypso''
Melvill & Standen, 1912: synonym of ''
Brookula calypso''
(Melvill & Standen, 1912)
* ''Cyclostrema cingulatum''
Verrill, 1884: synonym of ''
Rugulina verrilli''
(Tryon, 1888)
* ''Cyclostrema cingulatum''
Dunker, 1859: synonym of ''
Cyclostrema dunkeri''
Tryon, 1888
* ''Cyclostrema cinguliferum''
A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''
Circulus cingulifera''
(A. Adams, 1850)
* ''Cyclostrema cistronium''
Dall, 1889: synonym of ''
Aorotrema cistronium''
(Dall, 1889)
* ''Cyclostrema coatsianum''
Melvill & Standen, 1912: synonym of ''
Lodderia coatsiana''
(Melvill & Standen, 1912)
* ''Cyclostrema conicum''
Watson, 1886: synonym of ''
Brookula conica''
(Watson, 1886)
* ''Cyclostrema cookeanum''
(Dall, 1918): synonym of ''
Macrarene cookeana''
(Dall, 1918)
* ''Cyclostrema costulata''
Möller, 1842: synonym of ''
Moelleria costulata
''Moelleria costulata'', common name the ribbed moelleria, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Colloniidae.
Description
The size of the shell varies between 0.5 mm and 2.6 mm. The shell is ribbed lo ...
''
(Möller, 1842)
* ''Cyclostrema crassicostatum''
Strebel, 1908: synonym of ''
Liotella crassicostata''
(Strebel, 1908)
* ''Cyclostrema cubanus''
Pilsbry & Aguayo, 1933: synonym of ''
Cyclostremiscus cubanus''
(Pilsbry & Aguayo, 1933)
* ''Cyclostrema cubitale''
Hedley, C. 1907: synonym of ''
Cirsonella cubitale''
(Hedley, 1907)
* ''Cyclostrema dalli''
A. E. Verrill, 1882: synonym of ''
Lissospira dalli''
(A. E. Verrill, 1882)
* ''Cyclostrema decussatum''
Pelseneer, 1903: synonym of ''
Brookula decussata''
(Pelseneer, 1903)
* ''Cyclostrema diaphanum''
A. E. Verrill, 1884: synonym of ''
Skenea diaphana''
(A. E. Verrill, 1884)
* ''Cyclostrema elegans''
A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''
Adeorbis elegans''
(A. Adams, 1850)
* ''Cyclostrema euchilopteron''
Melvill & Standen, 1903: synonym of ''
Lydiphnis euchilopteron''
(Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* ''Cyclostrema fluctuatum''
Hedley, 1899: synonym of ''
Argalista fluctuata''
(Hutton, 1883)
* ''Cyclostrema fulgidum''
auct. non Jeffreys, 1883: synonym of ''
Lissospira dalli''
(A. E. Verrill, 1882)
* ''Cyclostrema funnazzense''
de Gregorio, 1889: synonym of ''
Cirsonella romettensis''
(Granata-Grillo, 1877)
* ''Cyclostrema fuscopiperata''
Turton, 1932: synonym of ''
Peasiella fuscopiperata''
(Turton, 1932)
* ''Cyclostrema gaudens''
Melvill & Standen, 1912: synonym of ''
Munditia gaudens''
(Melvill & Standen, 1912)
* ''Cyclostrema granulatum''
A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''
Cinysca granulata''
(A. Adams, 1853)
* ''Cyclostrema granulum''
Dall, 1889: synonym of ''
Parviturbo granulum''
(Dall, 1889)
* ''Cyclostrema gravieri''
Lamy, 1909: synonym of ''
Ethminolia gravieri''
(Lamy, 1909)
* ''Cyclostrema henjamense''
Melvill & Standen, 1903: synonym of ''
Pseudoliotia henjamensis''
(Melvill & Standen, 1903)
* ''Cyclostrema humile''
Pelseneer, 1903: synonym of ''
Lissotesta humilis''
(Pelseneer, 1903)
* ''Cyclostrema iheringi''
Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1897: synonym of ''
Retigyra iheringi''
(Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1897)
* ''Cyclostrema immaculata''
Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of ''
Munditia subquadrata''
(Tenison-Woods, 1878)
* ''Cyclostrema jaffaensis''
Verco, 1909: synonym of ''
Eudaronia jaffaensis''
(Verco, 1909)
* ''Cyclostrema laevigatum''
Friele, 1874: synonym of ''
Skenea trochoides
''Skenea trochoides'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Skeneidae.
G.W. Tryon thought this species was a synonym of ''Cyclostrema peterseni'' Frielle, 1877 (now a synonym of '' Skenea peterseni'' (Friele, 18 ...
''
(Friele, 1874)
* ''Cyclostrema laeve''
(Kiener, 1838): synonym of ''
Pygmaeorota laevis''
(Kiener, 1838)
* ''Cyclostrema laevis''
ic: synonym of ''
Pygmaeorota laevis''
(Kiener, 1838)
* ''Cyclostrema limatum''
Dall, 1889: synonym of ''
Granigyra limata''
(Dall, 1889)
* ''Cyclostrema liratulum''
Pelseneer, 1903: synonym of ''
Lissotesta liratula''
(Pelseneer, 1903)
* ''Cyclostrema meridionale''
Melvill & Standen, 1912: synonym of ''
Munditia meridionalis''
(Melvill & Standen, 1912)
* ''Cyclostrema messanensis''
Seguenza, 1876: synonym of ''
Moelleriopsis messanensis''
(Seguenza, 1876)
* ''Cyclostrema micans''
A. Adams, 1850:
synonym of ''
Pseudoliotia micans''
(A. Adams, 1850)
* ''Cyclostrema micra''
Tenison-Woods, 1876: synonym of ''
Lissotesta micra''
(Tenison-Woods, 1876)
* ''Cyclostrema militare''
Jousseaume, 1872: synonym of ''
Cochliolepis militaris''
(Jousseaume, 1872)
* ''Cyclostrema millipunctatum''
Friele, 1886: synonym of ''
Retigyra millipunctata''
(Friele, 1886)
* ''Cyclostrema minutum''
Jeffreys, 1883: synonym of ''
Firoloida desmarestia''
Lesueur, 1817
* ''Cyclostrema monterosatoi''
Ancey, 1898: synonym of ''
Skenea catenoides''
(Monterosato, 1877)
* ''Cyclostrema nivea''
ic: synonym of ''
Tubiola nivea''
(Gmelin, 1791)
* ''Cyclostrema normani''
Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1897: synonym of ''
Moelleriopsis normani'' (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1897)
* ''Cyclostrema ocrinium''
Melvill & Standen, 1901: misspelling of ''
Cyclostrema ocrinum''
Melvill & Standen, 1901
* ''Cyclostrema ornatum''
A. E. Verrill, 1884: synonym of ''
Lissospira ornata''
(A. E. Verrill, 1884)
* ''Cyclostrema pentagonum''
Gabb, 1873: synonym of ''
Cyclostremiscus pentagonus''
(Gabb, 1873)
* ''Cyclostrema peterseni''
Friele, 1877: synonym of ''
Skenea peterseni''
(Friele, 1877)
* ''Cyclostrema plana''
A. Adams, 1850: synonym of ''
Sigaretornus planus''
(A. Adams, 1850)
* ''Cyclostrema planorbis''
Dall, 1927: synonym of ''
Palazzia planorbis''
(Dall, 1927)
* ''Cyclostrema planulata''
G. B. Sowerby III, 1892: synonym of ''
Cochliolepis planulata''
(G.B. Sowerby III, 1892) (original combination)
* ''Cyclostrema ponsonbyi''
Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1897: synonym of ''
Skenea ponsonbyi''
(Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1897)
* ''Cyclostrema pontogenes''
Schwengel & McGinty, 1942: synonym of ''
Aorotrema pontogenes''
(Schwengel & McGinty, 1942)
* ''Cyclostrema proximum''
Tryon, 1888: synonym of ''
Skenea proxima''
(Tryon, 1888)
* ''Cyclostrema richardi''
Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1896: synonym of ''
Moelleriopsis richardi''
(Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1896)
* ''Cyclostrema rotundata''
G.B. Sowerby III, 1892: synonym of ''
Homalopoma rotundatum''
(G.B. Sowerby III, 1892)
* ''Cyclostrema rugulosa''
Sars, 1878: synonym of ''
Skenea rugulosa''
(Sars, 1878)
* ''Cyclostrema sanibelense''
Pilsbry, 1939: synonym of ''
Parviturboides interruptus''
(C. B. Adams, 1850)
* ''Cyclostrema schrammii''
P. Fischer, 1857: synonym of ''
Tornus schrammii''
(P. Fischer, 1857)
* ''Cyclostrema sculptile''
Garrett, 1874: synonym of ''
Circulus marchei''
Jousseaume, 1872
* ''Cyclostrema semisculptum''
Martens, 1904: synonym of ''
Spectamen semisculptum''
(Martens, 1904)
* ''Cyclostrema subdisjuncta''
H. Adams, 1868: synonym of ''
Fossarella subdisjuncta''
(H. Adams, 1868)
* ''Cyclostrema sulcatum''
Watson, 1886: synonym of ''
Moelleriopsis watsoni''
(Tryon, 1888)
* ''Cyclostrema susonis''
Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of ''
Cirsonella weldii''
(Tenison-Woods, 1877)
* ''Cyclostrema thomasi''
Pilsbry, 1945: synonym of ''
Vitrinella solaris''
Rubio, Fernández-Garcés & Rolán, 2011
* ''Cyclostrema tricarinata''
E.A. Smith, 1871: synonym of ''
Circulus smithi''
Bush, 1897
* ''Cyclostrema trochoides''
auct. non Friele, 1876: synonym of ''
Lissospira dalli''
(A. E. Verrill, 1882)
* ''Cyclostrema trochoides''
Friele, 1874: synonym of ''
Skenea trochoides
''Skenea trochoides'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Skeneidae.
G.W. Tryon thought this species was a synonym of ''Cyclostrema peterseni'' Frielle, 1877 (now a synonym of '' Skenea peterseni'' (Friele, 18 ...
''
(Friele, 1874)
* ''Cyclostrema turbinum''
Dall, 1889: synonym of ''
Haplocochlias turbinus''
(Dall, 1889)
* ''Cyclostrema turgidum''
Odhner, 1912: synonym of ''
Lissospira turgida''
(Odhner, 1912)
* ''Cyclostrema valvatoides''
Jeffreys, 1883: synonym of ''
Moelleriopsis valvatoides''
(Jeffreys, 1883)
* ''Cyclostrema verrilli''
Tryon, 1888: synonym of ''
Rugulina verrilli''
(Tryon, 1888)
* ''Cyclostrema watsoni''
Tryon, 1888: synonym of ''
Moelleriopsis watsoni''
(Tryon, 1888)
* ''Cyclostrema weldii''
Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of ''
Cirsonella weldii''
(Tenison-Woods, 1877)
* ''Cyclostrema willei''
Friele, 1886: synonym of ''
Skenea basistriata''
(Jeffreys, 1877)
* ''Cyclostrema zacalles''
Mazÿck, 1913: synonym of ''
Parviturboides interruptus''
(C. B. Adams, 1850)
* ''Cyclostrema (Tubiola) cornuella''
(A. Adams, 1860): synonym of ''
Tubiola cornuella''
(A. Adams, 1860)
* ''Cyclostrema (Tubiola) nivea''
ic: synonym of ''
Tubiola nivea''
(Gmelin, 1791)
References
* Abbott, R. T. 1950. The genus ''Cyclostrema'' in the western Atlantic. Johnsonia 1(27): 193-200
* Trew, A., 1984. ''The Melvill-Tomlin Collection. Part 30. Trochacea. Handlists of the Molluscan Collections in the Department of Zoology'', National Museum of Wales
External links
Kathleen M. White, The anatomy of Cyclostrema, Journal of Molluscan studies 3:25 pp. 89-94
{{Commonscat
Liotiidae
Gastropod genera