G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''CCND3''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb. The CDK4 activity associated with this cyclin was reported to be necessary for cell cycle progression through G2 phase into mitosis after UV radiation.
Clinical significance
Mutations in ''CCND3'' are implicated in cases of
breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, milk rejection, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a re ...
.
Interactions
Cyclin D3 has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with:
*
AKAP8
A-kinase anchor protein 8 is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ''AKAP8'' gene.
Function
The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory s ...
,
*
CDC2L1
PITSLRE serine/threonine-protein kinase CDC2L1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CDC2L1'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." me ...
,
*
CDKN1B
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1) is an enzyme inhibitor that in humans is encoded by the CDKN1B gene. It encodes a protein which belongs to the ''Cip/Kip'' family of cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor proteins. The encoded prot ...
,
[
* ]CRABP2
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 is a cytoplasmic binding protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CRABP2'' gene.
CRABP2 is structurally similar to CRABP1, but CRABP2 has a lower affinity for retinoic acid (RA). CRABP2 is associated wit ...
,[
* ]Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 also known as cell division protein kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CDK4'' gene. CDK4 is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member ...
,Cyclin-dependent kinase 6
Cell division protein kinase 6 (CDK6) is an enzyme encoded by the ''CDK6'' gene. It is regulated by cyclins, more specifically by Cyclin D proteins and Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of t ...
,EIF3K
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit K (eIF3k) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''EIF3K'' gene.
Function
The ~800 kDa eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is the largest eIF and contains at least 12 subunits, inclu ...
,Retinoic acid receptor alpha
Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-α), also known as NR1B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 1) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the ''RARA'' gene.
NR1B1 is a gene with a protein product and has a chromosomal locat ...
.
See also
* Cyclin
* Cyclin D
Cyclin D is a member of the cyclin protein family that is involved in regulating cell cycle progression. The synthesis of cyclin D is initiated during G1 and drives the G1/S phase transition. Cyclin D protein is anywhere from 155 (in zebra mu ...
References
Further reading
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{{Cell cycle proteins
Cell cycle regulators