cyclase

A cyclase is an

enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...

, almost always a

lyase In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a substitution reaction) and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. ...

, that

catalyzes Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recyc ...

chemical reaction A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the IUPAC nomenclature for organic transformations, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the pos ...

to form a

cyclic compound A cyclic compound (or ring compound) is a term for a compound in the field of chemistry in which one or more series of atoms in the compound is connected to form a ring. Rings may vary in size from three to many atoms, and include examples where al ...

. Important cyclase enzymes include: *

Adenylyl cyclase Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1, also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylyl cyclase, abbreviated AC) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3′,5′-cyclic-AMP-forming). It catalyzes the following reaction: :A ...

, which forms

cyclic AMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transd ...

from

adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis. Found in all known forms of ...

(EC 4.6.1.1) **

ADCY1 Adenylyl cyclase type 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ADCY1'' gene. This gene encodes a form of adenylyl cyclase expressed in the brain. A similar protein in mice is involved in pattern formation of the brain. Function ADCY1 ...

ADCY2 Adenylyl cyclase type 2 is an enzyme typically expressed in the brain of humans, that is encoded by the ''ADCY2'' gene. It belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-3 or guanylyl cyclase family because it contains two guanylate cyclase domains. ADCY2 ...

ADCY3 Adenylyl cyclase type 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ADCY3'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ...

** ADCY4 **

ADCY5 Adenylyl cyclase type 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ADCY5'' gene. Interactions ADCY5 has been shown to interact with RGS2 Regulator of G-protein signaling 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RGS2'' gene. It i ...

ADCY6 Adenylyl cyclase type 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ADCY6'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ' ...

ADCY7 Adenylyl cyclase type 7 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ADCY7'' gene. Function This gene encodes a membrane-bound adenylyl cyclase that catalyses the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP and is inhibitable by calcium Calcium ...

ADCY8 Adenylyl cyclase type 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ADCY8'' gene. Function Adenylyl cyclase is a membrane bound enzyme that catalyses the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP. The enzymatic activity is under the control of sev ...

ADCY9 Adenylyl cyclase type 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ADCY9'' gene. Function Adenylyl cyclase is a membrane bound enzyme that catalyses the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP. It is regulated by a family of G protein-coupled r ...

** ADCY10 *

Guanylyl cyclase Guanylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.2, also known as guanyl cyclase, guanylyl cyclase, or GC; systematic name GTP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3′,5′-cyclic-GMP-forming)) is a lyase enzyme that converts guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to cyclic guanos ...

, which forms

cyclic GMP Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). cGMP acts as a second messenger much like cyclic AMP. Its most likely mechanism of action is activation of intracellular protein kinases in re ...

from

guanosine triphosphate Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) is a purine nucleoside triphosphate. It is one of the building blocks needed for the synthesis of RNA during the transcription process. Its structure is similar to that of the guanosine nucleoside, the only diffe ...

(EC 4.6.1.2) **

GUCY1A2 Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''GUCY1A2'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ...

GUCY1A3 Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''GUCY1A3'' gene. Function Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a Protein dimer, heterodimeric protein consisting of an alpha and a beta subunit, catalyzes the ...

GUCY1B3 Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''GUCY1B3'' gene. Function Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a heterodimeric protein consisting of an alpha and a beta subunit, catalyzes the conversion of ...

Guanylate cyclase 2C Guanylate cyclase 2C, also known as guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), intestinal guanylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase-C receptor, or the heat-stable enterotoxin receptor (hSTAR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''GUCY2C'' gene. Guanylyl cyc ...

** Guanylate cyclase 2D ** Guanylate cyclase 2F **

NPR1 Natriuretic peptide receptor A/guanylate cyclase A (atrionatriuretic peptide receptor A), also known as NPR1, is an atrial natriuretic peptide receptor. In humans it is encoded by the ''NPR1'' gene. Function NPR1 is a membrane-bound guanylate ...

NPR2 Natriuretic peptide receptor B/guanylate cyclase B (atrionatriuretic peptide receptor B), also known as NPR2, is an atrial natriuretic peptide receptor. In humans it is encoded by the NPR2 gene. A mutation of the NPR2 gene can result in dispropo ...

* Protein cyclase, a

ligase In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining (ligation) of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond. This is typically via hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the larger molecules or the enzym ...

enzyme that produces backbone-cyclised proteins by intramolecular transpeptidation {{enzyme index EC 4.6.1