The Cybele asteroids (also known as the "Cybeles") are a

dynamical group In mathematics, a dynamical system is a system in which a Function (mathematics), function describes the time dependence of a Point (geometry), point in an ambient space. Examples include the mathematical models that describe the swinging of a ...

asteroid An asteroid is a minor planet of the inner Solar System. Sizes and shapes of asteroids vary significantly, ranging from 1-meter rocks to a dwarf planet almost 1000 km in diameter; they are rocky, metallic or icy bodies with no atmosphere. ...

s, named after the asteroid 65 Cybele. Considered by some as the last outpost of an extended

asteroid belt The asteroid belt is a torus-shaped region in the Solar System, located roughly between the orbits of the planets Jupiter and Mars. It contains a great many solid, irregularly shaped bodies, of many sizes, but much smaller than planets, called ...

, the group consists of just over 2000 members and a few collisional

families Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideall ...

. The Cybeles are in a 7:4

orbital resonance In celestial mechanics, orbital resonance occurs when orbiting bodies exert regular, periodic gravitational influence on each other, usually because their orbital periods are related by a ratio of small integers. Most commonly, this relationsh ...

with

Jupiter Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the List of Solar System objects by size, largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, but ...

. Their orbit is defined by an osculating

semi-major axis In geometry, the major axis of an ellipse is its longest diameter: a line segment that runs through the center and both foci, with ends at the two most widely separated points of the perimeter. The semi-major axis (major semiaxis) is the long ...

of 3.28 to 3.70 AU, with an

eccentricity Eccentricity or eccentric may refer to: * Eccentricity (behavior), odd behavior on the part of a person, as opposed to being "normal" Mathematics, science and technology Mathematics * Off-center, in geometry * Eccentricity (graph theory) of a v ...

of less than 0.3, and an

inclination Orbital inclination measures the tilt of an object's orbit around a celestial body. It is expressed as the angle between a Plane of reference, reference plane and the orbital plane or Axis of rotation, axis of direction of the orbiting object ...

less than 25°. The dynamical Cybele group is located adjacent to the outermost

, beyond the Hecuba gap – the 2:1 resonant zone with Jupiter, where the

Griqua asteroid A Hecuba-gap asteroid is a member of a dynamical group of resonant asteroids located in the Hecuba gap at 3.27 AU – one of the largest Kirkwood gaps in the asteroid belt, which is considered the borderline separating the outer main belt as ...

s are located – and inside the orbital region of the

Hilda asteroid The Hilda asteroids (adj. ''Hildian'') are a dynamical group of more than 5,000 asteroids located beyond the asteroid belt but within Jupiter's orbit, in a 3:2 orbital resonance with Jupiter. The namesake is the asteroid 153 Hilda. Hildas move i ...

s (3:2 resonance), which are themselves followed by the

Jupiter trojan The Jupiter trojans, commonly called trojan asteroids or simply trojans, are a large group of asteroids that share the planet Jupiter's orbit around the Sun. Relative to Jupiter, each trojan librates around one of Jupiter's stable Lagrange poin ...

s (1:1 resonance) further out.

Description

Three known

asteroid families An asteroid is a minor planet of the Solar System#Inner solar system, inner Solar System. Sizes and shapes of asteroids vary significantly, ranging from 1-meter rocks to a dwarf planet almost 1000 km in diameter; they are rocky, metallic o ...

exist within the Cybele group: the Sylvia family (

603 __NOTOC__ Year 603 ( DCIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 603 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

), the Huberta family and the Ulla family (

903 __NOTOC__ Year 903 ( CMIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * King Berengar I of Italy proceeds to issue concessions and privileges to the Lo ...

). A potential fourth family is a small cluster with the parent body . A fifth family, named after 522 Helga, was identified in 2015. The Cybele asteroids

87 Sylvia Sylvia (minor planet designation: 87 Sylvia) is the one of the largest asteroids (approximately tied for 7th place, to within measurement uncertainties). It is the parent body of the Sylvia family and member of Cybele group located beyond the m ...

and

107 Camilla Camilla ( minor planet designation: 107 Camilla) is one of the largest asteroids from the outermost edge of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It is a member of the Sylvia family and located within the Cybele group. It was discovere ...

are triple systems with more than one

satellite A satellite or artificial satellite is an object intentionally placed into orbit in outer space. Except for passive satellites, most satellites have an electricity generation system for equipment on board, such as solar panels or radioisotope ...

. Other large members include

121 Hermione Hermione ( minor planet designation: 121 Hermione) is a very large binary asteroid discovered in 1872. It orbits in the Cybele group in the far outer asteroid belt. As an asteroid of the dark C spectral type, it is probably composed of carbonace ...

76 Freia Freia (minor planet designation: 76 Freia) is a very large main-belt asteroid. It orbits in the outer part of the asteroid belt and is classified as a Cybele asteroid. Its composition is very primitive and it is extremely dark in color. Freia was ...

790 Pretoria 790 Pretoria is a minor planet orbiting the Sun that was discovered by English astronomer Harry Edwin Wood on January 16, 1912. It is a member of the Cybele group located beyond the core of the main belt (see Minor planet groups) and named after ...

, and

566 Stereoskopia Stereoskopia (minor planet designation: 566 Stereoskopia) is a large, outer main-belt asteroid orbiting the Sun. It was discovered on 28 May 1905 from Heidelberg by German astronomer Paul Götz. The discovery was made from photographic plates with ...

. The group is thought to have formed from the breakup of a larger object in the distant past. While most members are C- and

X-type asteroid The X-group of asteroids collects together several types with similar spectra, but probably quite different compositions. Tholen classification In the Tholen classification the X-group consists of the following types: * E-type – with high al ...

s, NASA's

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE, observatory code C51, Explorer 92 and SMEX-6) is a NASA infrared astronomy space telescope in the Explorers Program. It was launched in December 2009, and placed in hibernation mode in February 2011, ...

also measured albedos of some Cybele asteroids that are typical for stony

S-type asteroid S-type asteroids are asteroids with a spectral type that is indicative of a siliceous (i.e. stony) mineralogical composition, hence the name. They have relatively high density. Approximately 17% of asteroids are of this type, making it the second ...

List

Total of 2034 Cybeles with osculating semi-major axis between 3.28 and 3.7 AU. Low numbered members of the collisional Sylvia (SYL) and smaller

Ulla Ulla is a given name. It is short for Ursula in German-speaking countries and Ulrika/Ulrikke in Scandinavian countries. As of 31 December 2011, there were 61,043 females named Ulla in Sweden, with the name being most popular during the 1930s an ...

(ULA) families are also marked. *

65 Cybele Cybele, minor planet designation 65 Cybele, is one of the List of notable asteroids#Largest by diameter, largest asteroids in the Solar System. It is located in the outer asteroid belt. It is thought to be a remnant primordial body. It gives its ...

76 Freia Freia ( minor planet designation: 76 Freia) is a very large main-belt asteroid. It orbits in the outer part of the asteroid belt and is classified as a Cybele asteroid. Its composition is very primitive and it is extremely dark in color. Freia w ...

( SYL) *

168 Sibylla 168 Sibylla is a large main-belt asteroid, discovered by Canadian-American astronomer J. C. Watson on September 28, 1876. It was most likely named for the Sibyls, referring to the Ancient Greek female oracles. Based upon its spectrum this objec ...

225 Henrietta 225 Henrietta is a very large outer main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa on April 19, 1882, in Vienna and named after Henrietta, wife of astronomer Pierre J. C. Janssen. The asteroid is orbiting at a distan ...

* 229 Adelinda *

260 Huberta Huberta (minor planet designation: 260 Huberta) is a large asteroid orbiting near the outer edge of the Main belt. It is dark and rich in carbon. It belongs to the Cybele group of asteroids and may have been trapped in a 4:7 orbital resonance w ...

* 319 Leona * 401 Ottilia * 414 Liriope *

420 Bertholda Bertholda ( minor planet designation: 420 Bertholda) is a very large main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by Max Wolf on September 7, 1896, in Heidelberg, Germany. The object is part of the Cybele asteroid group, and is classified as a P-type ...

* 466 Tisiphone * 483 Seppina * 522 Helga * 528 Rezia * 536 Merapi * 566 Stereoskopia * 570 Kythera * 643 Scheherezade * 692 Hippodamia * 713 Luscinia *

721 Tabora 721 Tabora is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. Tabora was named at a conference in Hamburg, Germany in 1913. The name was chosen because the conference was held aboard the passenger cargo liner of the Deutsche Ost-Afrika Linie. The asteroid is o ...

* 733 Mocia * 790 Pretoria * 909 Ulla ( ULA) * 940 Kordula * 1004 Belopolskya *

1028 Lydina 1028 Lydina, provisional designation , is a carbonaceous background asteroid and member of the Cybele group from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean pen ...

* 1091 Spiraea * 1154 Astronomia * 1167 Dubiago *

1177 Gonnessia 1177 Gonnessia, provisional designation , is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 99 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 November 1930, by French astronomer Louis Boyer at the Algiers ...

1266 Tone 1266 Tone is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 80 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by astronomer Okuro Oikawa at the Tokyo Observatory in 1927, it was assigned the provisional designation . Th ...

* 1280 Baillauda * 1295 Deflotte * 1328 Devota *

1373 Cincinnati 1373 Cincinnati, provisional designation , is an asteroid in a comet-like orbit from the Cybele region, located at the outermost rim of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was the only asteroid discovery made by famous American a ...

1390 Abastumani 1390 Abastumani ( ''prov. designation'': ) is a very large and dark background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 3 October 1935, by Russian astronomer Pelageya Shajn at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean ...

* 1467 Mashona * 1556 Wingolfia * 1574 Meyer * 1579 Herrick * 1796 Riga *

1841 Masaryk 1841 Masaryk ( ''prov. designation'': ) is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 46 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 26 October 1971, by Czech astronomer Luboš Kohoutek at Bergedo ...

* 1921 Pala * 2196 Ellicott * 2208 Pushkin * 2266 Tchaikovsky * 2311 El Leoncito * 2634 James Bradley * 2697 Albina * 2702 Batrakov * 2891 McGetchin * 2932 Kempchinsky * 2976 Lautaro ( SYL) * 3015 Candy * 3024 Hainan * 3092 Herodotus * 3095 Omarkhayyam * 3141 Buchar * 3273 Drukar * 3368 Duncombe * 3396 Muazzez * 3608 Kataev * 3622 Ilinsky * 3675 Kemstach * 3727 Maxhell *

3789 Zhongguo 3789 Zhongguo, provisional designation ', is a resonant asteroid from outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered in 1928 by Chinese astronomer Zhang Yuzhe at the Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisco ...

* 3845 Neyachenko * 4003 Schumann * 4014 Heizman * 4158 Santini * 4169 Celsius *

4177 Kohman 4177 Kohman, provisional designation , is a resonant Griqua asteroid from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 21 September 1987, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at the Anderson Mesa Sta ...

* 4236 Lidov *

4423 Golden 44 may refer to: * 44 (number) * one of the years 44 BC, AD 44, 1944, 2044 Military *44M Tas, a Hungarian medium/heavy tank design of World War II *44M Tas Rohamlöveg, a Hungarian tank destroyer design of World War II, derived from the 44M Tas ta ...

* 4973 Showa * 5164 Mullo * 5201 Ferraz-Mello * 5301 Novobranets * 5362 Johnyoung * 5370 Taranis * 5495 Rumyantsev * 5780 Lafontaine * 5833 Peterson * 5914 Kathywhaler ( SYL) * 6039 Parmenides * 6057 Robbia * (6103) 1993 HV * 6574 Gvishiani *

6924 Fukui 69 may refer to: * 69 (number) * A year, primarily 69 BC, AD 69, 1969, or 2069 *69 (sex position) Arts and media Music * ''69'', a 1988 album by A.R. Kane * "'69", a song by Deep Purple from ''Abandon'' * Major 6 add 9, a jazz chord * "Summer ...

* 6996 Alvensleben * *

7501 Farra 75 may refer to: * 75 (number) * one of the years 75 BC, AD 75, 1875 CE, 1975 CE, 2075 CE * 75 (album), ''75'' (album), an album by Joe Zawinul * M75 (disambiguation), including "Model 75" * Highway 75, see List of highways numbered 75 *Alfa Ro ...

* * 7710 Ishibashi * 8482 Wayneolm * 8917 Tianjindaxue * * 9398 Bidelman * * 9522 Schlichting * (9552) 1985 UY ( SYL) *

9767 Midsomer Norton 9767 Midsomer Norton () is an Outer asteroid belt, outer main-belt asteroid discovered on March 10, 1992, by Duncan Steel at Siding Spring Observatory, Siding Spring. It is one of very few asteroids located in the 2:1 orbital resonance, mean motion ...

* 10257 Garecynthia * 10379 Lake Placid *

10653 Witsen 1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit (measurement), unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment ...

* * 11440 Massironi ( SYL) * * * * 12003 Hideosugai * * * * 13096 Tigris * * * * *

13963 Euphrates 13963 Euphrates (), provisional designation , is a resonant Griqua asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 August 1991, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at ESO's La Silla ...

* * * * *

14871 Pyramus 14871 Pyramus, provisional designation , is a dark Zhongguo asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 13 October 1990 by German astronomers Lutz Schmadel and Freimut Börngen at the K ...

* 14994 Uppenkamp * * 15372 Agrigento * * * * 17427 Poe * * * 18150 Lopez-Moreno * * ( SYL) * 19149 Boccaccio * 19226 Peiresc * * * * * ( SYL) * 19694 Dunkelman * 19917 Dazaifu * 20664 Senec ( SYL) * * * * * 22692 Carfrekahl * * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * 25851 Browning * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * * * 27719 Fast * * * ( SYL) * * 29419 Mladkova * * * * ( SYL) * * 31238 Kromeriz * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * (37528) 1975 SX * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( ULA) * * * * * * * * * * * 45511 Anneblack * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( ULA) * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * (85036) 4203 P-L ( ULA) * * * * ( SYL) * * * * 88071 Taniguchijiro * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * (96177) 1984 BC * * * * * * * * 99905 Jeffgrossman * * * * * * * * * ( ULA) * * * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * ( ULA) * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * ( ULA) * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * 128633 Queyras * * 129259 Tapolca ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * ( SYL) * * 136367 Gierlinger * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * * 145545 Wensayling * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * 153289 Rebeccawatson ( SYL) * * * * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * (159367) 1977 OX * * * * 160259 Mareike * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * 175365 Carsac ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * ( ULA) * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( ULA) * * ( ULA) * * * * ( ULA) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * * * ( ULA) * * * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * * * * * ( ULA) * * * ( ULA) * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * * * * 243285 Fauvaud * 243320 Jackuipers * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * ( ULA) * * ( SYL) * * * * * ( SYL) * ( ULA) * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * 249520 Luppino * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * 264061 Vitebsk * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * 278447 Saviano * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * * * ( ULA) * * * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * * ( ULA) * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * * * * * ( ULA) * ( ULA) * ( SYL) * * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * ( ULA) * * ( ULA) * * * * * * ( SYL) * * ( ULA) * ( SYL) * * * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * * ( ULA) * * * * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * * * 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* * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * ( SYL) * ( SYL) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 417955 Mallama * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cybele Asteroid *

Description

List

See also

References