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Phosphinates or hypophosphites are a class of phosphorus compounds conceptually based on the structure of hypophosphorous acid. IUPAC prefers the term phosphinate in all cases, however in practice hypophosphite is usually used to describe inorganic species (e.g. sodium hypophosphite), while phosphinate typically refers to organophosphorus species.
Phosphinates or hypophosphites are a class of phosphorus compounds conceptually based on the structure of hypophosphorous acid. IUPAC prefers the term phosphinate in all cases, however in practice hypophosphite is usually used to describe inorganic species (e.g. sodium hypophosphite), while phosphinate typically refers to organophosphorus species.
Hypophosphites
The hypophosphite ion is . The salts are prepared by heating white phosphorus in warm aqueous alkali e.g. Ca(OH)2: :P4 + 2 Ca(OH)2 + 4 H2O → 2 Ca(H2PO2)2 + 2 H2 Hypophosphites are reducing agents: : + 3 OH− → + 2 H2O + 2 e− Hypophosphites are used in electroless nickel plating as the reducing agent to deposit for example Ni metal from Ni salts. The hypophosphite ion is thermodynamically unstable, anddisproportionate
In chemistry, disproportionation, sometimes called dismutation, is a redox reaction in which one compound of intermediate oxidation state converts to two compounds, one of higher and one of lower oxidation states. More generally, the term can ...
s on heating to phosphine and phosphate salts:
: 2 → PH3 +
See also
* Organophosphinic acid * Phosphine - PR3 *Phosphine oxide
Phosphine oxides are phosphorus compounds with the formula OPX3. When X = alkyl or aryl, these are organophosphine oxides. Triphenylphosphine oxide is an example. An inorganic phosphine oxide is phosphoryl chloride (POCl3).
Structure and bonding ...
- OPR3
* Phosphite - P(OR)3
* Phosphonate - OP(OR)2R
* Phosphate - OP(OR)3
References
{{Organophosphorus Functional groups