Currawong Bush Park
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Currawong Bush Park is a
riparian A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream. Riparian is also the proper nomenclature for one of the terrestrial biomes of the Earth. Plant habitats and communities along the river margins and banks ar ...
bushland In Australia, bushland is a blanket term for land which supports remnant vegetation or land which is disturbed but still retains a predominance of the original floristics and structure. Human survival in bushland has a whole mythology evolving ...
park located in the outer eastern suburbs of
Melbourne Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a met ...
on the borders of
Doncaster East Doncaster East is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 20 km east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Manningham local government area. Doncaster East recorded a population of 30,926 at the 2021 ...
,
Warrandyte Warrandyte is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 24 km north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Manningham local government area. Warrandyte recorded a population of 5,541 at the . Warrandy ...
and
Donvale Donvale is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Manningham local government area. It is a leafy and peaceful suburb, with the side west of Springvale Road is desc ...
and on the eastern bank of the Mullum Creek. It covers 59 hectares of remnant bushland and hosts
archaeological sites An archaeological site is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and ...
of the indigenous Australian inhabitants.


History

An archaeological survey of Aboriginal sites within the
City of Manningham The City of Manningham is a local government area in Victoria, Australia in the north-eastern suburbs of Melbourne and is divided into 12 suburbs, with the largest being Doncaster and Doncaster East. It comprises an area of 113 square kilometres ...
by Isabel Ellender in 1991, discovered evidence of the presence of the
Wurundjeri The Wurundjeri people are an Australian Aboriginal people of the Woiwurrung language group, in the Kulin nation. They are the Traditional Owners of the Birrarung (Yarra River) Valley, covering much of the present location of Narrm (Melbourne ...
people in the park, in the form of four
scarred tree A scarred tree or scar tree, also known as a canoe tree and shield tree, is a tree which has had bark removed by Aboriginal Australians for the creation of bark canoes, shelters, weapons such as shield A shield is a piece of personal arm ...
s. An Aboriginal stone artefact was also found along Mullum Mullum Creek. The Wurundjeri were part of the
Kulin nation The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations in south central Victoria, Australia. Their collective territory extends around Port Phillip and Western Port, up into the Great Dividing Range and the Loddon and Goulburn River valley ...
, comprising the main tribes living within about a 150 km radius of Melbourne. The Wurundjeri are of the Woiwurrung tribe, one of five Kulin tribes, each of whom had their own land and language. More recent history shows the building, housing, the Ranger's Residence, Park Office and Conference Room as a building of State historical significance. It is a notable example of the design work of Victorian architect Geoffrey Trewenack. It has sometimes mistakenly been attributed to the Victorian architect
Kevin Borland Kevin Borland (28 October 1926, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia – 2000) was an Australian post-war Architect. His career saw works evolve from an International Modernist stance into a Regionalist aesthetic for which he became most recognized ...
. The house was built by Robin and Bunty Elder, in 1959. They resided there until approximately 1969 when the property was acquired as a public park. Currently, the park has no on-site manager or ranger. Previously, a full-time ranger was employed by the
City of Manningham The City of Manningham is a local government area in Victoria, Australia in the north-eastern suburbs of Melbourne and is divided into 12 suburbs, with the largest being Doncaster and Doncaster East. It comprises an area of 113 square kilometres ...
through an environmental group until funding was cut around 2004. According to the Currawong Bush Park management plan in 2003, $1–2 million would be enough to upgrade facilities and deal with threats to the park's ecology. Three staffs are required to operate and manage the park properly.


Geography

The park sits on a 59-hectare section of land on the eastern bank of the
Mullum Mullum Creek Mullum Mullum Creek is a creek in the outer eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is the main watercourse of the Mullum Mullum Valley, a tributary of the Yarra River and Yarra Valley. For tens of thousands of years it was used as ...
, from the creek itself along the flat banks and up the hillside. The hillside is faulted by two gullies that flow into the Mullum Mullum Creek; Go-betweens Gully and Amersham Gully. The
Mullum Mullum Creek Linear Park The Mullum Mullum Creek Linear Park is located east of Melbourne, Australia in the suburbs of Doncaster East and Donvale, Victoria, Donvale. It stretches for roughly 9 km along the western banks of the Mullum Mullum Creek between Heidelberg-Wa ...
sits on the opposite bank of Mullum Mullum Creek to the west.


Watercourses

* Mullum Mullum Creek *Go-Betweens Gully *Amersham Gully


Waterbodies

*Millers Pond – a purpose-built
reservoir A reservoir (; from French ''réservoir'' ) is an enlarged lake behind a dam. Such a dam may be either artificial, built to store fresh water or it may be a natural formation. Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways, including contro ...
added around the same time as the stockyards *Billy Baxter Wetlands – recently constructed regenerative
wetlands A wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded or saturated by water, either permanently (for years or decades) or seasonally (for weeks or months). Flooding results in oxygen-free (anoxic) processes prevailing, especially in the soils. The ...
*Penny's Pond


Ecology

The park is an example of the native ecology of the area prior to European settlement. Many native species of flora and fauna can be found in the park including many species of
eucalypt Eucalypt is a descriptive name for woody plants with capsule fruiting bodies belonging to seven closely related genera (of the tribe Eucalypteae) found across Australasia: ''Eucalyptus'', '' Corymbia'', '' Angophora'', ''Stockwellia'', ''Allosyn ...
s such as the
Manna Gum ''Eucalyptus viminalis'', commonly known as the manna gum, white gum or ribbon gum, is a species of small to very tall tree that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has smooth bark, sometimes with rough bark near the base, lance-shaped to c ...
and kangaroos such as the Eastern Grey.


Threats to Ecology

Being surrounded by low-density residential development, some of the most urgent problems the park faces are from the introduced species such as rabbits, foxes, stray dogs, and cats, occupying the park. Stray dogs mutilate Eastern Grey kangaroos and any young they may be carrying, and rabbits dig furrows in the soil and entice foxes into the park who compete with stray dogs for territory. Stray cats hunt native bird life and
possums Possum may refer to: Animals * Phalangeriformes, or possums, any of a number of arboreal marsupial species native to Australia, New Guinea, and Sulawesi ** Common brushtail possum (''Trichosurus vulpecula''), a common possum in Australian urban a ...
. Various weeds from neighboring properties flow down watercourses into the gullies. Threats from humans include disturbance of plant and animal life from motorbikes and bicycles, and
light pollution Light pollution is the presence of unwanted, inappropriate, or excessive use of artificial Visible spectrum, lighting. In a descriptive sense, the term ''light pollution'' refers to the effects of any poorly implemented lighting, during the day ...
from the neighbouring hockey field in the southern area of the park. The combined effect of the light pollution, traffic noise and pollution from Reynolds Road drives wildlife away from the southern slopes and into other areas of the park where they compete with other species for already limited resources.


Regulations

The entire park is off-limits to dogs. Motorized transport including motorbikes, scooters, and trail bikes are strictly limited to the roadway and carparks. Cyclists may ride on fire access tracks, but must dismount before entering smaller, unsealed walking tracks. The park is particularly susceptible to
bushfires A wildfire, forest fire, bushfire, wildland fire or rural fire is an unplanned, uncontrolled and unpredictable fire in an area of combustible vegetation. Depending on the type of vegetation present, a wildfire may be more specifically identif ...
and, being so close to residential areas, the fire danger in the area is immediate. Fire is only to be used in the campfire site near the education centre, where there are electric
barbecue Barbecue or barbeque (informally BBQ in the UK, US, and Canada, barbie in Australia and braai in South Africa) is a term used with significant regional and national variations to describe various cooking methods that use live fire and smoke t ...
s for cooking. There is no camping allowed in the park.''
Melway Melway, colloquially referred to as Melways or The Melways, is a street directory for Melbourne,Parks in Melbourne City of Manningham