In '' De mulieribus claris'' Curia (ca. 60 BC – 5 BC) was a Roman woman, and the wife of Quintus Lucretius Vespillo. The name "Curia" is possibly derived from the nomen ''Curius''.

Life

Curia and Quintus were married sometime between 49 BC and 42 BC, and remained married for 40 years. During the time of the

Second Triumvirate The Second Triumvirate was an extraordinary commission and magistracy created for Mark Antony, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Octavian to give them practically absolute power. It was formally constituted by law on 27 November 43 BC with a ...

(43–32 BC), Quintus Lucretius was named as one of several proscribed Roman citizens. Rather than turn him away or submit to his banishment, Curia hid her husband in their own home. She seems to have been so successful in her secrecy that it is noted that not even close friends of relatives ever suspected that he was still in Rome – the only one savvy to this deception was a young woman - most likely, an enslaved woman ('' ancilla'') - who seems to have aided Curia during this time. Publicly, Curia presented herself as a grieving, distraught wife – she wore old, “unkept” clothes, appeared disheveled, and perhaps even acted crazed as though her grief has driven her mad. This made everyone believe she lost her husband and he was nowhere to be found. The historian

Appian Appian of Alexandria (; grc-gre, Ἀππιανὸς Ἀλεξανδρεύς ''Appianòs Alexandreús''; la, Appianus Alexandrinus; ) was a Greek historian with Roman citizenship who flourished during the reigns of Emperors of Rome Trajan, Hadr ...

briefly mentions Curia's concealment of her husband (''Civil Wars'' 4.44). She is one of the three women mentioned by

Valerius Maximus Valerius Maximus () was a 1st-century Latin writer and author of a collection of historical anecdotes: ''Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX'' ("Nine books of memorable deeds and sayings", also known as ''De factis dictisque memorabilibus'' ...

as examples of outstanding moral women. The other two were

Tertia Aemilia Aemilia Tertia, also known as Aemilia Paulla (c. 230–163 or 162 BC), was the wife of the Roman consul and censor Scipio Africanus. She was the daughter, possibly the third surviving daughter, of the consul Lucius Aemilius Paullus and the ...

and

Sulpicia Sulpicia was the author, in the first century BCE, of six short poems (some 40 lines in all) written in Latin which were published as part of the corpus of Albius Tibullus's poetry (poems 3.13-18). She is one of the few female poets of ancient Ro ...

. :When Quintus Lucretius was proscribed by the triumvirs, his wife Curia hid him in her bedroom above the rafters. A single maidservant knew the secret. At great risk to herself, she kept him safe from imminent death. :

Research

The inscription called the ''

Laudatio Turiae ''Laudatio Turiae'' ("In praise of Turia") is a tombstone engraved with a carved epitaph that is a husband's eulogy of his wife. It was made in the late 1st century BC. It portrays the love of a husband for his loyal wife. Tombstone The freque ...

'' - in which a husband praises his wife - was traditionally assigned to Curia although it does not mention her name. Because the tombstone describes a wife of incredible character and unfaltering loyalty, it was once generally believed by scholars to be from Quintus to Curia. The wife noted in the inscription was unable to bear children (''infecunditas''), but was so dedicated to her husband that she offered to grant him a divorce so they he might “find a suitable fertile woman” and would not “remain childless.” She seems to have also been willing to treat any future children that he fathered as her own, offering to share her inheritance and properties with them, should he bear them. Though it is entirely possible that this was an act of devotion to her husband, the Augustan legislation penalized childlessness while rewarding those people having multiple children (consider the ''

Jus trium liberorum The jus trium liberorum, meaning "the right of three children" in Latin, was a privilege awarded to Roman citizens who had produced at least three children or freedmen of either sex who had produced at least four children. It was a direct result ...

,'' "the right of three children"). He did not accept her offer of divorce and they remained married for the rest of their lives. This assignment is no longer generally accepted.

Notes

References

Primary sources

*Appian, ''The Civil Wars'', Book four - part 44 *Valerius Maximus, ''Memorable Deeds and Sayings 6.7.1-3.L''

Secondary sources

*Shelton, J., ''As the Romans Did'' (1998) *Treggiari, S., ''Roman Marriage'' (Oxford, 1991) *Fantham, E. et al., Women in the Classical World (Oxford, 1994) *Gardner, J., Women in Roman Law and Society (Bloomington, 1986) *Lefkowitz, M.R. and M.B. Fant, ''Women's Life in Greece and Rome. A Source Book in Translation'' (Baltimore, 1992) *Berg, Ria. ''The Material Sides of Marriage : Women and Domestic Economies in Antiquity''. Edited by Ria Berg, Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, 2016. *Boccaccio, Giovanni, and Virginia Brown. ''Famous Women''. Harvard University Press, 2001. *Osgood, Josiah. Turia: ''A Roman Woman’s Civil War''. Oxford University Press, 2014. *Tansey, Patrick. “L. Villius Annalis Praetor 43 B.C. in Magistratu Occisus est.” ''Rheinisches Museum Für Philologie'', vol. 156, no. 1, 2013, pp. 98–102. {{DEFAULTSORT:Curia 60 BC births 5 BC deaths 1st-century BC Roman women 1st-century BC Romans Year of birth uncertain