''Cuphosolenus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

small to medium-sized

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Aporrhaidae Aporrhaidae is a family of sea snails commonly called the "pelican's foot snails." The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. ''Classif ...

and the superfamily

Stromboidea The Stromboidea, originally named the Strombacea by Rafinesque in 1815, is a superfamily of medium-sized to very large sea snails in the clade Littorinimorpha.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Stromboidea Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: ...

, known from the

Jurassic The Jurassic ( ) is a Geological period, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya. The J ...

and lower

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of th ...

periods. ''Cuphosolenus'' was named by Edouard Piette in 1876.Piette, ''Note sur les Coquilles Ailées des Mers Jurassiques'', Laon 1876, p. 6.

Etymology

Cuphosolenus is from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

Κυφός σωλήν, or "bent canal," referring to the curved anterior

siphonal canal The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water is ...

Spelling

In 1887, Paul Fischer “emended” the spelling of the name to ''Cyphosolenus''. In 1891, Piette accepted Fischer’s use of ''Cyphosolenus'' in the text of ''Paléontologie Française ou Description des Fossiles de la France'', etc., Vol. III (text), p. 376 ff. This change in spelling has been described as an unjustified emendation under the rules of the

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals. It is also informally known as the ICZN Code, for its publisher, the ...

Cuphosolenus tarrantensis page on Cretaceousfossils.com
/ref> and scientists today generally call the genus ''Cuphosolenus'', following the original spelling.

Description

The genus includes Aporrhaidae shells with three long, thin finger-like extensions from the

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An opt ...

and an extended, curved

. The original description described the shell as having (translation from the French), "a semi-palmate lip, three digits, the posterior one of which is weakly attached to the spire, inner lip of

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; Arabic: , 4 – ) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His ' in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the wo ...

thick, and siphonal canal bent or curved at the end". The type species for the genus is '' Cuphosolenus tetracer'' (D'Orbigny).

Distribution

''Cuphosolenus'' has been reported from the Jurassic of France, Piette 1891 p. 376 ff. the Sinai, and questionably from Saudi Arabia, as well as the lower Cretaceous of Texas and Mexico.L. B. Kellum & K. E. Appelt, ''Two Gastropods from the lower Cretaceous (Albian) of Coahuila, Mexico'', Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology: The University of Michigan XIX(2): 14-22 (1964).
/ref> In his 1891 work, Piette included descriptions of 16 species of ''Cuphosolenus'' from the Jurassic of France.

Species

The following species have been described as belonging (or possibly belonging = "?") to ''Cuphosolenus'':

Jurassic species

* ''Cuphosolenus anguilcostatus'' Buvignier 1852 * ''Cuphosolenus barrensis'' Buvignier 1891 * ''Cuphosolenus (?) beaumonti'' (Guirand & Ogérien 1869) * ''Cuphosolenus (?) calvus'' (Contejean 1858) * ''Cuphosolenus deshayeseus'' (Buvignier 1852) * ''Cuphosolenus deslongchampsianus'' Buvingier 1891 * ''Cuphosolenus dyoniseus'' (Buvignier 1852
photo
* ''Cuphosolenus fusoides'' (Dolfus 1863) * ''Cuphosolenus galateae'' (

D'Orbigny Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny (6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthropol ...

1847) * ''Cuphosolenus gaulardeus'' (Buvignier 1852) * ''Cuphosolenus johannae'' Buvignier 1891 * ''Cuphosolenus matronensis'' (DeLoriol 1871) * ''Cuphosolenus (?) sphinx'' Piette, 1882 * ''Cuphosolenus tenuistriatus'' (Buvignier 1852
photo
* ''Cuphosolenus tetracer'' (D'Orbigny 1825) - type species
images
* ''Cuphosolenus theodoriensis'' Buvignier 1891

Cretaceous species

* ''Cuphosolenus mexicanus'' (Kellum & Appelt, 1964)text include original description
* ''Cuphosolenus nuecensis'' (Stanton, 1947) * ''Cuphosolenus tarrantensis'' (Stanton, 1947)Now in ''Cuphosolenus''. Se
Ulrich Wieneke's and Han Stoutjesdijk's Wiki on Stromboidea
3D photo

References

Footnotes

Sources

* Piette, 1891
''Paléontologie Française ou Description des Fossiles de la France, Terrain Jurassique, Vol. III, Gastéropods.''
Paris. *Norman F. Sohl, 1967. ''Upper Cretaceous Gastropods From the Pierre Shale at Red Bird, Wyoming'', Geological Survey Professional Paper 393-B, Washington. * Stanton T.W. 1947. ''Studies of Some Comanche Pelecypods and Gastropods'', United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper 211, Washington. {{Taxonbar, from=Q5194488 Aporrhaidae Jurassic genus first appearances Early Cretaceous genus extinctions