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The Cupedidae are a small
family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
of
beetle Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 describ ...
s, notable for the square pattern of "windows" on their
elytra An elytron (; ; , ) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs (Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes alterna ...
(hard forewings), which give the family their common name of reticulated beetles. The family consists of about 30 species in 9 genera, with a
worldwide Worldwide may refer to: * Pertaining to the entire world * Worldwide (rapper) (born 1986), American rapper * Pitbull (rapper) (born 1981), also known as Mr. Worldwide, American rapper * ''Worldwide'' (Audio Adrenaline album), 2003 * ''Worldwide' ...
distribution. Many more extinct species are known, dating as far back as the
Triassic The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period ...
. The family
Ommatidae The Ommatidae are a family of beetles in the suborder Archostemata. The Ommatidae are considered the extant beetle family that has most ancestral characteristics. There are only seven extant species, confined to Australia and South America. How ...
is considered a subfamily of Cupedidae by some authors, but ommatids have been found to more closely related to Micromalthidae in genomic analysis studies. These beetles tend to be elongated with a parallel-sided body, ranging in length from , with colors brownish, blackish, or gray. The larvae are wood-borers, typically living in
fungus A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from th ...
-infested wood, and sometimes found in wood construction. The larvae eat the fungus-infested dead wood or tree roots while the adults are believed to subsist on pollen and plant sap. Males of '' Priacma serrata'' (western
North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
) are notable for being strongly attracted to common household
bleach Bleach is the generic name for any chemical product that is used industrially or domestically to remove color (whitening) from a fabric or fiber or to clean or to remove stains in a process called bleaching. It often refers specifically, to ...
. This suggests that compounds in bleach may resemble attractive compounds found by the beetle in nature.


Taxonomy

* '' Adinolepis'' Neboiss, 1984 Australia * '' Ascioplaga'' Neboiss, 1984 New Caledonia * '' Cupes'' Fabricius, 1801 Europe, China
Paleogene The Paleogene ( ; British English, also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period, geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million yea ...
, North America, Recent * '' Distocupes'' Neboiss, 1984, Australia * '' Paracupes'' Kolbe, 1898, South America * '' Priacma'' LeConte, 1874 Myanmar, Cretaceous, North America, Recent * '' Prolixocupes'' Neboiss, 1960 North America, South America * '' Rhipsideigma'' Neboiss, 1984 Madagascar, East Africa * '' Tenomerga'' Neboiss, 1984 East and Southeast Asia, New Guinea, North America, South Africa


Fossil genera

After Kirejtshuk, Nel & Kirejtshuk, 2016. * †'' Anaglyphites'' Ponomarenko 1964
Karabastau Formation The Karabastau Formation ( kk, Qarabastaý svıtasy) is a geological formation and lagerstätte in the Karatau Mountains of southern Kazakhstan whose strata date to the Middle to Late Jurassic. It is an important locality for insect fossils that ...
, Kazakhstan, Late Jurassic ( Oxfordian/
Kimmeridgian In the geologic timescale, the Kimmeridgian is an age in the Late Jurassic Epoch and a stage in the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 157.3 ± 1.0 Ma and 152.1 ± 0.9 Ma (million years ago). The Kimmeridgian follows the Oxfordian ...
), Shar-Teg, Mongolia, Late Jurassic (
Tithonian In the geological timescale, the Tithonian is the latest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch and the uppermost stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 152.1 ± 4 Ma and 145.0 ± 4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the K ...
), Hengshan Formation, China, Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia,
Zaza Formation The Zaza Formation is a geological formation located in Buryatia (Russia). It dates to the Lower Cretaceous period. It is Aptian in age and consists of Sandstone, sandstones, Siltstone, siltstones, Marl, marls and bituminous Shale, shales, deposi ...
, Russia, Early Cretaceous (
Aptian The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma to 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma (million years ago), a ...
) * †''"Anaglyphites" pluricavus'' Soriano and Delclos 2006
La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation The La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation is an Early Cretaceous ( late Berriasian to early Barremian geologic formation in Catalonia, Spain. The formation crops out in the area of the Montsec in the Organyà Basin. At the La Pedrera de Meià localit ...
, Spain, Early Cretaceous (
Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded ...
) * †'' Apriacma'' Kirejtshuk et al. 2016
Yixian Formation The Yixian Formation (; formerly transcribed as Yihsien Formation) is a geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that spans the late Barremian and early Aptian stages of the Early Cretaceous. It is known for its ex ...
, China, Aptian * †'' Asimma'' Ponomarenko 1966
Madygen Formation The Madygen Formation ( Russian: Madygen Svita) is a Late Triassic (Carnian) geologic formation and Lagerstätte in the Batken and Osh Regions of western Kyrgyzstan, with minor outcrops in neighboring Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The conglomerates, ...
, Kyrgyzstan, Late Triassic * †'' Barbaticupes'' Jarzembowski et al. 2017
Burmese amber Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. The ...
, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (
Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous Series. An age is a unit of geochronology; it is a unit of time; the stage is a unit in the s ...
) * †'' Cainomerga'' Kirejtshuk et al. 2016
Menat Formation The Menat Formation is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleocene. It is a maar deposit located on top of an ancient volcano, the extent is very localised with the outcropping area being around 600 by 1000 ...
, France,
Paleocene The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), E ...
* †'' Cretomerga'' Kirejtshuk et al. 2016 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian * †'' Cupopsis'' Kirejtshuk et al. 2016
New Jersey amber New Jersey Amber, sometimes called Raritan amber, is amber found in the Raritan and Magothy Formations of the Central Atlantic (Eastern) coast of the United States. It is dated to the Late Cretaceous, Turonian age, based on pollen analysis of th ...
, Late Cretaceous (
Turonian The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.8 Ma and 89.8 ± 1 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by t ...
) * †'' Cupidium'' Ponomarenko 1968 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian * †'' Ensicupes'' Hong 1976 Dalazi Formation, Guyang Formation, China, Aptian * †'' Furcicupes'' Tan and Ren 2006 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian * †'' Gracilicupes'' Tan et al. 2006
Daohugou The Haifanggou Formation (), also known as the Jiulongshan Formation (), is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou () village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. The formation consists of coarse conglomerates ...
, China, Middle Jurassic (
Callovian In the geologic timescale, the Callovian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic, lasting between 166.1 ± 4.0 Ma (million years ago) and 163.5 ± 4.0 Ma. It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic, following the Bathonian and preceding the ...
) * †'' Kirghizocupes'' Ponomarenko 1966 Madygen Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Late Triassic * †'' Latocupes'' Ren and Tan 2006 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian * †'' Mallecupes'' Jarzembowski et al. 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian * †'' Menatops'' Kirejtshuk et al. 2016 Menat Formation, France, Paleocene * †'' Mesocupes'' Martynov 1926 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian, Las Hoyas, Spain, Barremian * †'' Miocupes'' Ponomarenko 1973 Cypris Formation, Czech Republic,
Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...
* †''"Platycupes" sogdianus'' Ponomarenko 1966 Madygen Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Late Triassic * †''"Priacma" sanzii'' Soriano and Delclos 2006 Las Hoyas, Spain, Barremian * †'' Priacmopsis'' Ponomarenko 1966 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian * †'' Pterocupes'' Ponomarenko 1966 Madygen Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Late Triassic * †'' Taxopsis'' Kirejtshuk et al. 2016
Baltic amber The Baltic region is home to the largest known deposit of amber, called Baltic amber or succinite. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that these forests created more than 1 ...
,
Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene' ...


References


External links


Tree of Life
* * * Beetle families {{Cupedidae-stub