Cupaniopsis Squamosa

''Cupaniopsis'' is a genus of about 67 species of trees and shrubs of the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in New Guinea, New Caledonia, Australia, Torres Strait Islands, Fiji, Samoa, Sulawesi, Micronesia. Many species have been threatened with extinction globally or nationally, with official recognition by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and several national and state governments.

Tuckeroo is a common name suffix for some species in Australia.

'' C. anacardioides'' has been introduced into the United States, where in some parts they are invasive plants, primarily in Florida and Hawaii, where the common name Carrotwood applies.

Conservation

At global, national and government regional scales, many ''Cupaniopsis'' species have been threatened with extinction, as officially recognised by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), governments of Australia, New Caledonia and so on.

Globally, the New Caledonian endemic species ''C. crassivalvis'' has become extinct according to the IUCN's 1998 assessment. Seven species endemic to New Caledonia have become endangered with global extinction according to the IUCN's 1998 assessments. Five species endemic to New Guinea, one endemic to New Caledonia and one endemic to Sulawesi have become vulnerable to global extinction according to the IUCN's 1998 and 2010 assessments.

In Australia, ''C. shirleyana'' and ''C. tomentella'', small trees endemic to small areas of southeastern Queensland (Qld), have obtained the "vulnerable" species Australian government's national conservation status and together also with ''C. cooperorum'', the Qld government's "vulnerable" species state conservation status. ''C. newmannii'' small trees in eastern Qld have obtained the Qld government's "near threatened" species state conservation status. ''C. serrata'' small trees in northeastern New South Wales (NSW) have obtained the NSW government's "endangered" species state conservation status.

Naming and classification

European science formally named and described this genus in 1879 using ''C. anacardioides'' for the type species, authored by Bavarian botanist Ludwig A. T. Radlkofer.

In 1991 a 190-page monograph of the whole genus was published by Dutch botanist Frits Adema.

Australian botanist Sally T. Reynolds, from 1984 to 1991 published new formal scientific names, descriptions, updates and species clarifications, in her scientific journal articles and the '' Flora of Australia'' treatment.

Species

This listing was sourced from the '' Australian Plant Name Index'' and '' Australian Plant Census'', the ''Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants'' information system, the ''Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea'', the ''Checklist of the vascular indigenous Flora of New Caledonia'', ''Flora Malesiana'', ''Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest'', "The Endemic Plants of Micronesia", ''Plants in Samoan Culture'', ''Flora Vitiensis'' (Fiji), the ''2013 Census of the Queensland Flora'', the ''Flora of New South Wales'', and the '' Flora of Australia''.
* ''Cupaniopsis acuticarpa'' – New Guinea –  Vulnerable
* ''Cupaniopsis amoena'' – Fiji endemic
* '' Cupaniopsis anacardioides'' , Tuckeroo – NSW, Qld, NT, WA, Australia, New Guinea

* ''Cupaniopsis apiocarpa'' – New Caledonia endemic

* ''Cupaniopsis azantha'' – New Caledonia endemic
* ''Cupaniopsis baileyana'' – NE. NSW, to SE. Qld endemic, Australia
* ''Cupaniopsis bilocularis'' – New Guinea

* ''Cupaniopsis bullata'' – New Guinea –  Vulnerable

* ''Cupaniopsis celebica'' – Sulawesi
* ''Cupaniopsis chytradenia'' – New Caledonia endemic
* ''Cupaniopsis concolor'' – Fiji endemic
* ''Cupaniopsis cooperorum'' – NE. Qld endemic, Australia
* ''Cupaniopsis crassivalvis'' – New Caledonia endemic –  Extinct
* ''Cupaniopsis curvidens'' – New Guinea

* ''Cupaniopsis dallachyi'' – NE. Qld endemic, Australia

* ''Cupaniopsis diploglottoides'' – NE. Qld endemic, Australia

* ''Cupaniopsis euneura'' – New Guinea –  Vulnerable

* ''Cupaniopsis flagelliformis'' – NSW, Qld, Australia
** var. ''australis'' – NE. NSW, to SE. Qld endemic, Australia
** var. ''flagelliformis'' – Cape York to NE. Qld endemic, Australia
* ''Cupaniopsis fleckeri'' – Torres Strait Is., Cape York Peninsula, Qld endemic, Australia
* ''Cupaniopsis foveolata'' – Cape York Peninsula, NE to central E. Qld, endemic, Australia
* ''Cupaniopsis fruticosa'' – New Caledonia endemic

* ''Cupaniopsis glabra'' – New Caledonia endemic –  Endangered
* ''Cupaniopsis globosa'' – New Caledonia endemic –  Vulnerable
* ''Cupaniopsis glomeriflora'' – New Caledonia endemic

* ''Cupaniopsis grandiflora'' – New Caledonia endemic
* ''Cupaniopsis grisea'' – New Caledonia endemic

* ''Cupaniopsis guillauminii'' – Chuuk Islands endemic (Micronesia)

* ''Cupaniopsis hypodermatica'' – New Caledonia endemic

* ''Cupaniopsis inoplea'' – New Caledonia endemic

* ''Cupaniopsis kajewskii'' – New Guinea
* ''Cupaniopsis leptobotrys'' – Fiji endemic

* ''Cupaniopsis mackeeana'' – New Caledonia endemic
* ''Cupaniopsis macrocarpa'' – New Caledonia endemic
** var. ''macrocarpa'' – New Caledonia endemic
** var. ''polyphylla'' – New Caledonia endemic
* ''Cupaniopsis macropetala'' – New Guinea
* ''Cupaniopsis megalocarpa'' – New Caledonia endemic
* ''Cupaniopsis mouana'' – New Caledonia endemic –  Endangered

* ''Cupaniopsis myrmoctona'' – New Caledonia endemic
* ''Cupaniopsis napaensis'' – New Guinea –  Vulnerable

* ''Cupaniopsis newmanii'' – NE. NSW, to SE. Qld endemic, Australia
* ''Cupaniopsis oedipoda'' – New Caledonia endemic

* ''Cupaniopsis papillosa'' , syn.: ''C.'' sp. (Tully Falls) – NE. Qld endemic, Australia

* ''Cupaniopsis parvifolia'' – NE. NSW, to E. Qld, endemic, Australia

* ''Cupaniopsis pennelii'' – New Caledonia endemic
* ''Cupaniopsis petiolulata'' – New Caledonia endemic
* ''Cupaniopsis phalacrocarpa'' – New Caledonia endemic
* ''Cupaniopsis phanerophlebia'' – New Guinea –  Vulnerable
* ''Cupaniopsis platycarpa'' – New Guinea

* ''Cupaniopsis rhytidocarpa'' – New Guinea
* ''Cupaniopsis rosea'' – New Caledonia endemic –  Endangered
* ''Cupaniopsis rotundifolia'' – New Caledonia endemic –  Endangered
* ''Cupaniopsis samoensis'' – Samoa endemic

* ''Cupaniopsis serrata'' – NE. NSW, to SE. Qld endemic, Australia

* ''Cupaniopsis shirleyana'' – SE. Qld endemic, Australia
* ''Cupaniopsis simulata'' – NE. to SE. Qld, endemic, Australia
* ''Cupaniopsis squamosa'' – New Caledonia endemic –  Endangered
* ''Cupaniopsis stenopetala'' – New Guinea, Moluccas

* ''Cupaniopsis strigosa'' – Sulawesi –  Vulnerable

* ''Cupaniopsis subfalcata'' – New Caledonia endemic –  Endangered

* ''Cupaniopsis sylvatica'' – New Caledonia endemic
* ''Cupaniopsis tomentella'' – SE. Qld endemic, Australia
* ''Cupaniopsis tontoutensis'' – New Caledonia endemic –  Endangered

* ''Cupaniopsis trigonocarpa'' – New Caledonia endemic
* ''Cupaniopsis vitiensis'' – Fiji endemic

* ''Cupaniopsis wadsworthii'' – NE. to E. central Qld, endemic, Australia

;Species accepted by the official ''Census of the Queensland Flora 2013'', while awaiting formal naming, description and publication
* ''Cupaniopsis'' sp. (Biggenden J.Randall 600) – Biggenden and Childers areas, SE. central Queensland
* ''Cupaniopsis'' sp. (Watalgan A.R.Bean 8611) – Gladstone region, E. central Queensland

References

Cited works

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{{Taxonbar, from=Q2719955

Flora of New Guinea
Flora of Papua New Guinea
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Queensland
Flora of New Caledonia
Flora of Malesia
Sapindaceae genera
Sapindales of Australia