Cryptorhynchinae is a large subfamily of weevils (
Curculionidae), with some 6000 species. They are found in most
zoogeographic region
Zoogeography is the branch of the science of biogeography that is concerned with geographic distribution (present and past) of animal species.
As a multifaceted field of study, zoogeography incorporates methods of molecular biology, genetics, mor ...
s although they are most diverse in the
Neotropics
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone.
Definition
In bioge ...
, Australia and
Oceania
Oceania (, , ) is a geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of and a population of around 44.5 million ...
.
They are distinguished by having their
rostrum
Rostrum may refer to:
* Any kind of a platform for a speaker:
**dais
**pulpit
* Rostrum (anatomy), a beak, or anatomical structure resembling a beak, as in the mouthparts of many sucking insects
* Rostrum (ship), a form of bow on naval ships
* Ros ...
(snout) backwardly directed between their fore
coxae in repose, and fitting within a protective channel that usually ends in a cup-like structure on the mesoventrite (ventral mid thoracic segment). The ends of the
tibiae
The tibia (; ), also known as the shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia); it connects ...
also bear an uncus (small hook-like extensions), a character they share with many other groups of
Curculionidae that use woody plants for
oviposition. They are merged into the
Molytinae
Molytinae is a subfamily of weevils described by Carl Johan Schönherr in 1823.
Molytinae includes the following tribes:
* Amalactini
* Aminyopini
* Amorphocerini
* Anchonini
* Cholini
* Cleogonini
* Conotrachelini
* Cycloterini
* Dino ...
in some treatments, but a recent molecular study shows that Cryptorhynchinae sensu stricto are monophyletic and best kept as an independent subfamily.
Some species of Cryptorhynchinae are considered agricultural pests, such as the mango seed weevil ''
Sternochetus mangiferae'', but the great majority of species live in primary forests, often on deadwood and are threatened by
habitat loss
Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ...
. In Europe, the flightless genus ''
Acalles'' is most diverse, and restricted to woodlands of long-lasting habitat continuity
According to a biogeographical analysis Cryptorhynchinae s.s. originated in the Late Cretaceous in South America. Within the ‘Acalles group’ and the ‘Cryptorhynchus group’, several independent dispersal events to the Western Palaearctic via the Nearctic occurred in the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene. A southern route via Antarctica allowed the colonization of Australia in the Late Cretaceous, where a diverse Indo-Australian clade probably emerged about 73 million years ago.
Genera
The following genera (among others) belong to the subfamily Cryptorhynchinae:
* ''
Acalles''
Schönherr, 1825 i c g b
* ''
Acallocrates''
Reitter, 1913 i c g b
* ''
Achopera''
Pascoe, 1870 a
* ''
Anaballus''
Blanchard, 1849 c g
* ''
Apteromechus''
Faust, 1896 i c g b
* ''
Asytesta''
Pascoe, 1865 c g
* ''
Blepiarda''
Pascoe, 1865 c g
* ''
Calles
Calles is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of Los Serranos in the Valencian Community, Spain.
See also
*Sierra de Utiel
Sierra de Utiel ( ca-valencia, Serra d'Utiel) is a long mountain range in the Alt Palància, Alt Millars and Plana Baix ...
''
Kissinger, 1964 i c g b
* ''
Canistes''
Casey, 1892 i c g b
* ''
Cedilaus''
Lea, 1912 c g
* ''
Cnemidoprion''
Marshall, 1933 c g b
* ''
Cophes''
Champion, 1905 i c g b
* ''
Cryptorhynchus''
Illiger, 1807 i c g b
* ''
Didymus''
Kuschel, 1982 c g
* ''
Episcirrus''
Kuschel, 1958 i c g b
* ''
Eubulus Eubulus is the name of:
People:
* Eubulus (banker), 4th century BC Bithynian banker and ruler of Atarneus
* Eubulus (statesman) (c. 405 BC – c. 335 BC), Athenian statesman
* Eubulus (poet) Eubulus ( grc-gre, Εὔβουλος, ''Euboulos'') was ...
''
Kirsch, 1870 i c g b
* ''
Eurhoptus''
LeConte, 1876 i c g b
* ''
Euscepes''
Schönherr, 1844 i c g b
* ''
Eutinobothris''
b
* ''
Faustinus
Faustinus was a 3rd-century CE political figure who launched a rebellion against the Gallic Emperor Tetricus I. His full name and his year of birth are unknown. According to a small number of literary sources (Aurelius Victor, Eutropius,Eutropius ...
''
Berg, 1898 i c g b
* ''
Gasterocercus''
de Laporte Castelnau La Ferté-Sénectère & Brullé, 1828 c g
* ''
Gerstaeckeria''
Champion, 1905 i c g b (cactus weevils)
* ''
Hohonus''
Kissinger, 1964 i c g b
* ''
Lembodes''
Schönherr, 1844 i c g b
* ''
Liometophilus''
Fall, 1912 i c g b
* ''
Maemactes''
Schönherr, 1837 i c g b
* ''
Neoulosomus''
O'Brien & Wibmer, 1982 i c g b
* ''
Paracamptus''
Casey, 1895 c g b
* ''
Peracalles''
Kissinger, 1964 i c g b
* ''
Poropterus''
Schönherr, 1844 c g
* ''
Pseudoacalles''
Blatchley, 1916 i c g b
* ''
Pseudomopsis''
Champion, 1905 i c g b
* ''
Pseudomus''
Schönherr, 1837 i c g b
* ''
Rhyephenes''
Schönherr, 1837
* ''
Rhynchodes''
White, 1846 c g
* ''
Rhynchus''
Kissinger, 1964 i c g b
* ''
Sternochetus''
Pierce, 1917 i c g b
* ''
Sudus''
Kissinger, 1964 i c g b
* ''
Tepperia''
Kirby, 1910 g
*''
Tragopus''
Schoenherr, 1837 a c g
* ''
Trigonopterus''
Fauvel, 1862 c g
* ''
Troezon''
Champion, 1906 c g b
* ''
Tyloderma''
Say, 1831 i c g b
* ''
Zascelis''
LeConte, 1876 i c g b
* ''
Zygara''
Pascoe, 1885 c g
Data sources: a=AFD, i = ITIS,[ c = Catalogue of Life,][ g = GBIF,][ b = Bugguide.net]
References
{{Wikispecies-inline, Cryptorhynchinae
Polyphaga subfamilies