) , motto = , image_skyline = Centro de Cruzeiro do Sul-AC.jpg , imagesize = , image_caption = City centre, Catedral Nossa Senhora da Glória, alongside

Juruá River The Juruá River (Portuguese ''Rio Juruá''; Spanish ''Río Yuruá'') is a southern affluent river of the Amazon River west of the Purus River, sharing with this the bottom of the immense inland Amazon depression, and having all the characteristic ...

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Acre The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imp ...

, pushpin_map = Brazil , pushpin_label_position = bottom , pushpin_map_caption = Location in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

, subdivision_type =

Country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while the ...

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North North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. Etymology The word ''north ...

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Region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics ( physical geography), human impact characteristics ( human geography), and the interaction of humanity an ...

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State State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

, subdivision_name2 = , government_footnotes = , government_type = , leader_title =

Mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...

, leader_name = Ilderlei Cordeiro (

MDB MDB may refer to: Computing * .mdb, a file-extension used in certain versions of Microsoft Access databases * MDB, a kernel debugger for the Linux kernel. * MDB, the NASDAQ ticker symbol for MongoDB, a database management system. * Message Drive ...

) , leader_title1 = , leader_name1 = , leader_title2 = , leader_name2 = , leader_title3 = , leader_name3 = , leader_title4 = , leader_name4 = , established_title = Founded , established_date = September 12, 1904 , area_magnitude = , unit_pref = Metric , area_footnotes = , area_total_km2 = 7924.943 , area_land_km2 = , area_water_km2 = , area_total_sq_mi = , area_land_sq_mi = , area_water_sq_mi = , area_water_percent = , area_urban_km2 = , area_urban_sq_mi = , area_metro_km2 = , area_metro_sq_mi = , area_blank1_title = , area_blank1_km2 = , area_blank1_sq_mi = , population_as_of = 2020 est , population_footnotes = , population_note = , population_total = 89,072 , population_density_km2 = 8.94 , population_density_sq_mi = , population_metro = , population_density_metro_km2 = , population_density_metro_sq_mi = , population_urban = , population_density_urban_km2 = , population_density_urban_sq_mi = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , population_blank2_title = , population_blank2 = , population_density_blank1_km2 = , population_density_blank1_sq_mi= , population_demonym = cruzeirense , timezone = ACT , utc_offset = −5 , timezone_DST = , utc_offset_DST = , coordinates = , elevation_footnotes = , elevation_m = 182 , elevation_ft = , postal_code_type = CEP postal code , postal_code = 69980-000 , area_code_type = Area code , area_code = +55 68 , blank_name =

HDI The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, wh ...

(2010) , blank_info = 0.664 – medium , website = , footnotes = Cruzeiro do Sul (, ''

Southern Cross Crux () is a constellation of the southern sky that is centred on four bright stars in a cross-shaped asterism commonly known as the Southern Cross. It lies on the southern end of the Milky Way's visible band. The name ''Crux'' is Latin for ...

'') is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

located on the Juruá river in the west of the

Brazilian state The federative units of Brazil ( pt, unidades federativas do Brasil) are subnational entities with a certain degree of autonomy (self-government, self-regulation and self-collection) and endowed with their own government and constitution, which ...

. It is the second-largest city in

. It is bordered to the north by the state of Amazonas, to the south by

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

, to the east by the municipality of

Porto Walter Porto Walter ( or ) is a municipality located in the west of the Brazilian state of Acre. Its population is 12,241 and its area is 6,136 km². The municipality contains 27% of the Serra do Divisor National Park The Serra do Divisor Nati ...

, to the west by the municipality of

Rodrigues Alves Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, PC (; 7 July 1848 – 16 January 1919) was a Brazilian politician who first served as president of the Province of São Paulo in 1887, then as Treasury minister in the 1890s. Rodrigues Alves was elected the ...

, to the northwest by the municipality of

Tarauacá Tarauacá () is a municipality located in the northwest of the Brazilian state The federative units of Brazil ( pt, unidades federativas do Brasil) are subnational entities with a certain degree of autonomy (self-government, self-regulation a ...

, and to the northwest by the municipality of Mâncio Lima. The municipality contains 23% of the

Serra do Divisor National Park The Serra do Divisor National Park ( pt, Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor) is a national park on the westernmost point of Brazil, in the state of Acre, near the Peruvian border. It also has the highest point in that state, reaching 609 meters ...

, created in 1989.

Economy and buildings

The principal economic activity of the municipality is rubber extraction and export. This business attracted many immigrants in the 20th century, including Germans. Of lesser importance is the farming of the commodities of

cassava ''Manihot esculenta'', commonly called cassava (), manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America. Although a perennial plant, cassava is extensively cultivated ...

, coffee and rice. The city also operates as a regional trading center. One of the city's most notable 20th-century structures is the Catedral Nossa Senhora da Glória. The parish was founded in 1915 by

Spiritan , image = Holy Ghost Fathers seal.png , size = 175px , caption = The seal of the Congregation depicting the Immaculate Heart of Mary, and the Holy Spirit proceeding from the Trinity. , abbreviation ...

priests, who established the first church in the Juruá valley. With more settlers, the territory was divided in 1930 and German priests were assigned to this area of the Upper Juruá. Their influence was shown in the design of the current cathedral, which was begun in 1957; it opened in 1965. Its roof structure is said to be similar to a church in

Cologne Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 millio ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

. The roof was constructed on site and raised by the workers. In 2015 the parish's centenary was celebrated with an exhibition of historic photographs and related lectures.

Transport

The town is served by

Cruzeiro do Sul International Airport Cruzeiro do Sul International Airport is the airport serving Cruzeiro do Sul, Brazil. It is the westernmost Brazilian airport served by scheduled flights. It is operated by Vinci SA. History The airport was commissioned on October 28, 1970. P ...

. The town is about 630 kilometres from Rio Branco by road, through the

BR-364 BR-364 is an inter-state highway in Brazil connecting the southeast state of São Paulo to the western state of Acre. The highway was opened in the 1960s and paved in the 1980s. It has brought economic development and population growth in the Amaz ...

Geography and climate

The urban area of Cruzeiro do Sun has a size of .

Climate

Klimadiagramm-Cruzeiro do Sul-Brasilien-metrisch-deutsch

Although the town has a

tropical climate Tropical climate is the first of the five major climate groups in the Köppen climate classification identified with the letter A. Tropical climates are defined by a monthly average temperature of 18 °C (64.4 °F) or higher in the cool ...

typical of

and the

Amazon region The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries. The Amazon drainage basin covers an area of about , or about 35.5 percent of the South American continent. It is located in the countries of Bolivi ...

(

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...

''Am'', bordering on ''Af'' as July receives just under of rainfall) it is notable for sporadic cold spells not typically found in low-lying equatorial areas. The temperature has twice dropped below , once in May and once in November. The coldest temperature ever recorded is and the warmest is . The warmest month by average temperature is October at , while the warmest month by average high is September at . The coolest months by the average temperature are June and July at , while the coolest month by average low is July at . The average annual temperature is . The average high temperature is , and all months have an average high above . This, combined with the high humidity year-round, leads to sweltering days. Cruzeiro do Sul receives on average annually and has a wet season that generally falls between October and April and a drier season from June to September. March, receiving of rainfall on average, is the wettest month, while July is the driest month, receiving only of rainfall. The wet season has 14-18 precipitation days on average, while the dry season has 6-8 precipitation days on average. March has the most precipitation days and July and August have the least. Humidity is high year round, but drops below 80% from July to September. Even for a rainforest location, sunshine is unusually low, with the city only receiving an average of 1337.5 hours of sunshine annually. This is even lower than places such as

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

. For comparison, Manaus receives 1,774.8 hours of sunshine despite being wetter. Sunshine is lowest from January to March, and it rises during the dry season. July is the sunniest month, receiving 182.3 hours of sunshine.

Gallery

File:Cruzeiro do Sul (Acre), Fundo Correio da Manhã - 2.tif, Cruzeiro do Sul in 1906 File:Catedral_de_Nossa_Senhora_da_Glória.jpg, Catedral de Nossa Senhora da Glória, Brazil File:Ponte da União, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre.jpg, Union Bridge ( pt, Ponte da União) in Cruzeiro do Sul runs to the state capital Rio Branco, through the BR-364, Brazil File:No_Juruá,_setores_produtivo_e_industrial_vivem_nova_realidade_econômica_(24525139761).jpg,

Maize Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Th ...

and coconut plantations are common in and around Cruzeiro do Sul. File:Aeroporto de Cruzeiro do Sul-AC.jpg,

, Brazil File:HospitaldoJuruá.jpg, Juruá Hospital

References

External links

Bem-vindo à Cruzeiro do Sul
Municipalities in Acre (state) {{AcreBR-geo-stub