A Cross fluid is a type of
generalized Newtonian fluid A generalized Newtonian fluid is an idealized fluid for which the shear stress is a function of shear rate at the particular time, but not dependent upon the history of deformation. Although this type of fluid is non-Newtonian (i.e. non-linear) in n ...
whose
viscosity
The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water.
Viscosity quantifies the inte ...
depends upon shear rate according to the following equation:
:
where
is
viscosity
The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water.
Viscosity quantifies the inte ...
as a function of
shear rate
In physics, shear rate is the rate at which a progressive shearing deformation is applied to some material.
Simple shear
The shear rate for a fluid flowing between two parallel plates, one moving at a constant speed and the other one stationary ...
,
,
,
and ''n'' are coefficients.
The zero-shear viscosity
is approached at very low shear rates, while the infinite shear viscosity
is approached at very high shear rates.
See also
*
Navier-Stokes equations
*
Fluid
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that continuously deforms (''flows'') under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear ...
*
Carreau fluid
Carreau fluid in physics is a type of generalized Newtonian fluid where viscosity,
\mu_, depends upon the shear rate, \dot \gamma, by the following equation:
:
\mu_(\dot \gamma) = \mu_ + (\mu_0 - \mu_) \left(1+\left(\lambda \dot \gamma\right) ^2 ...
*
Power-law fluid
__NOTOC__
In continuum mechanics, a power-law fluid, or the Ostwald–de Waele relationship, is a type of generalized Newtonian fluid (time-independent non-Newtonian fluid) for which the shear stress, , is given by
:\tau = K \left( \frac \right) ...
*
Generalized Newtonian fluid A generalized Newtonian fluid is an idealized fluid for which the shear stress is a function of shear rate at the particular time, but not dependent upon the history of deformation. Although this type of fluid is non-Newtonian (i.e. non-linear) in n ...
References
*Kennedy, P. K., ''Flow Analysis of Injection Molds''. New York. Hanser. {{ISBN, 1-56990-181-3
Non-Newtonian fluids