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Cross & Cross (1907–1942) was a
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
-based
architectural Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing buildings o ...
firm founded by brothers John Walter Cross and Eliot Cross.


History

Cross & Cross was known as Old New York City Society's architectural firm of choice.Bayberry Land
/ref> John Cross (1878–1951) studied architecture at
Columbia University Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhatt ...
and the
École des Beaux-Arts École des Beaux-Arts (; ) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth century ...
in
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
, and served as the creative half of the partnership, while Eliot Cross (1884–1949) focused on the development side of the business, particularly through his role as Chairman of the Board of the real estate development firm of
Webb and Knapp Webb and Knapp was a real estate development firm. The company is most famous for developing the Roosevelt Airfield, which was the launching site of the transatlantic flights of Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart. It was also the firm at which ...
, which he organized in 1922. The two firms shared office space in the Knapp Building on Madison Avenue. In 1942, John Cross was elected into the
National Academy of Design The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse, Asher Durand, Thomas Cole, Martin E. Thompson, Charles Cushing Wright, Ithiel Town, and others "to promote the fin ...
as an Associate Academician.


Commissions

* 1 East 42nd Street, New York, NY, completed in 1927. * 53 Park Place, New York, NY, completed in 1922. * 123 East 53rd Street, (demolished 1953-1955 to build
399 Park Avenue 399 Park Avenue is a 41-story office building that occupies the entire block between Park Avenue and Lexington Avenue and 53rd Street and 54th Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The building was the world headquarters of Citigroup from ...
, the new headquarters for the First National City Bank, today's
Citigroup Citigroup Inc. or Citi (Style (visual arts), stylized as citi) is an American multinational investment banking, investment bank and financial services corporation headquartered in New York City. The company was formed by the merger of banking ...
) * 155 East 72nd Street, New York, NY, completed in 1928. * 405 Park Avenue, New York, NY, a 12-story apartment building, completed in 1915 (completely altered in 1957). *
720 Park Avenue 720 Park Avenue is a historic residential building in Lenox Hill on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City, USA. A cooperative, the building has 34 apartments, a gymnasium and storage spaces. It is secured by a full-time doorman. Histor ...
, with
Rosario Candela Rosario Candela (March 7, 1890 – October 3, 1953) was an Italian American architect who achieved renown through his apartment building designs in New York City, primarily during the boom years of the 1920s. He is credited with defining the ci ...
, New York, NY, completed in 1929. *
Ampico Building American Piano Company (Ampico) was an American piano manufacturer formed in 1908 through the merger of Wm. Knabe & Co., Chickering & Sons, and Foster-Armstrong. They later purchased the Mason & Hamlin piano company as their flagship piano. The ...
, 29 West 57th Street, New York, NY, completed in 1924. *The Hangar Club (from 1942 the Assisium School, and from 2006 a private residence), 36 East 63rd Street, New York, NY, completed in 1929. * Bank of America International, 37-41 Broad Street, New York, NY (originally Lee, Higginson & Company Bank Building) *
Bank of the Manhattan Company The Manhattan Company was a New York bank and holding company established on September 1, 1799. The company merged with Chase National Bank in 1955 to form the Chase Manhattan Bank. It is the oldest of the predecessor institutions that eventually ...
, Bayside, New York, completed in 1941. *
Bayberry Land ''Myrica'' is a genus of about 35–50 species of small trees and shrubs in the family Myricaceae, order Fagales. The genus has a wide distribution, including Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America, and missing only from Australi ...
(Sabin Residence),
Southampton, New York Southampton, officially the Town of Southampton, is a town in southeastern Suffolk County, New York, partly on the South Fork of Long Island. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the town had a population of 69,036. Southampton is included in the stret ...
, completed in 1918 (demolished in May 2004). * Central Hanover Building, 335 Greenwich Street, New York, NY, completed in 1931. *Manufacturers Hanover Trust Co., branch bank, 35 East 72nd Street, New York, NY, completed in 1931 (now JP Morgan Chase bank branch). *Manufacturers Trust Building, 1 East 57th Street, New York, NY, completed in 1931 (now Louis Vuitton and much altered by the architect Jun Aoki in 2004). * Church of Notre Dame, 40 Morningside Drive, New York, NY, completed in 1914. *
20 Exchange Place 20 Exchange Place, formerly the City Bank–Farmers Trust Building, is a skyscraper in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. Completed in 1931, it was designed by Cross & Cross in the Art Deco style as the headquarters of ...
, New York, NY, completed in 1931. *
90 Church Street 90 Church Street is a Federal government of the United States, federal office building in lower Manhattan in New York City. The building houses the United States Postal Service's Church Street Station, which is responsible for the 10048 (ZIP cod ...
, New York, NY, completed in 1935. * Field Mansion,
Yorktown, New York Yorktown is a town on the northern border of Westchester County, New York, United States. A suburb of the New York City metropolitan area, it is approximately north of midtown Manhattan. The population was 36,569 at the 2020 U.S. Census. Histo ...
, *Franklin Towers, New York, NY, completed in 1931. *
General Electric Building The General Electric Building (also known as 570 Lexington Avenue) is a skyscraper at the southwestern corner of Lexington Avenue and 51st Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The building, designed by Cross & Cross and completed in 19 ...
, 570 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY, completed in 1931. *Harriman Building, 35-39 Broadway, New York, NY, completed in 1928. * The Barclay Hotel (now the
InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel is a luxury hotel in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. History In 1926, the Vanderbilt family funded the building of The Barclay, a luxury hotel in Manhattan. The New York Central Rai ...
), 111 East 48th Street, New York, NY, completed in 1926. *Dr. Ernest Stillman House, now The Hewitt School, 45 East 75th Street, New York, NY, completed in 1925. *
Aetna Aetna Inc. () is an American managed health care company that sells traditional and consumer directed health care insurance and related services, such as medical, pharmaceutical, dental, behavioral health, long-term care, and disability plans, ...
Building, 151 William Street, New York, NY, completed in 1940 with
Eggers & Higgins Eggers & Higgins was a New York architectural firm partnered by Otto Reinhold Eggers (August 4, 1882 – April 23, 1964) and Daniel Paul Higgins (September 12, 1886 – December 26, 1953). The architects were responsible for the construction phase ...
. Now ILX Systems. (The facade has been greatly altered.) *McCutcheon Building, 609 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, completed in 1925. (The lower two stories have been altered.) * The Knapp Building, 383-385 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, completed in 1923 (now demolished). * Leigh Hall,
Yale School of Music The Yale School of Music (often abbreviated to YSM) is one of the 12 professional schools at Yale University. It offers three graduate degrees: Master of Music (MM), Master of Musical Arts (MMA), and Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA), as well as a joi ...
, New Haven, CT, completed in 1930. * The Links Club, 36-38 East 62nd Street, New York, NY, completed 1917. * Edward S. Moore Residence, Roslyn, New York, completed in 1922. *
Museum of Non-Objective Painting The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, often referred to as The Guggenheim, is an art museum at 1071 Fifth Avenue on the corner of East 89th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. It is the permanent home of a continuously ex ...
, 24 East 54th Street, New York, NY * One Sutton Place South with Rosario Candela, New York, NY, completed in 1927. * Park Plaza Apartments, Worcester, MA, completed in 1915. *
Guaranty Trust Company of New York J.P. Morgan & Co. is a commercial and investment banking institution founded by J. P. Morgan in 1871. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions, the company is now a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase, one of the largest banking institutions in t ...
offices, 4
Place de la Concorde The Place de la Concorde () is one of the major public squares in Paris, France. Measuring in area, it is the largest square in the French capital. It is located in the city's eighth arrondissement, at the eastern end of the Champs-Élysées. ...
,
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
,
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
, completed in 1929. *
Postum Building Postum () is a powdered roasted grain beverage popular as a coffee substitute. The caffeine-free beverage was created by Post Cereal Company founder C. W. Post in 1895 and marketed as a healthier alternative to coffee. Post was a student of John ...
, 250 Park Avenue, New York, NY, completed in 1924. *Stone & Webster Building, 90 Broad Street, New York, NY, completed in 1931. * Tiffany & Co. flagship store, 727 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, completed in 1940. *
Union and New Haven Trust Building The former Union and New Haven Trust Building, located at 205 Church Street in New Haven, Connecticut, was the tallest building in New Haven when it was constructed in 1927. This Georgian-Colonial Revival skyscraper was designed by architects Cr ...
(now "The Union" apartments) on the
New Haven Green The New Haven Green is a privately owned park and recreation area located in the downtown district of the city of New Haven, Connecticut. It comprises the central square of the nine-square settlement plan of the original Puritan colonists in New ...
,
New Haven New Haven is a city in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut and is part of the New York City metropolitan area. With a population of 134,02 ...
, CT, completed in 1927. *
U.S. Post Office The United States Postal Service (USPS), also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or Postal Service, is an Independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the executive branch of the Federal government of the Uni ...
,
Jamaica, Queens Jamaica is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. It is mainly composed of a large commercial and retail area, though part of the neighborhood is also residential. Jamaica is bordered by Hollis to the east; St. Albans, Springfi ...
, completed in 1934. *Wiley Building, 434 Park Avenue South, New York, NY, completed in 1913. * William Sloan House, 360 West 34th Street, New York, NY, completed in 1930 * Lewis Spencer Morris House, 116-118 East 80th Street, New York, NY, completed in 1923. * George and Martha Whitney House, 120 East 80th Street, New York, NY, completed in 1930. * The Yorkgate, 25 East End Avenue, New York, NY, completed in 1928.Emporis- The Yorkgate
/ref>


References


External links

*
New York Transformed: The Architecture of Cross & Cross
' by
Peter Pennoyer Peter Morgan Pennoyer FAIA (born on February 19, 1957) is an architect and the principal of Peter Pennoyer Architects, an architecture firm based in New York City. Pennoyer, his four partners and his fifty associates have an international practice ...
and Anne Walker, 2014, The Monacelli Press. {{DEFAULTSORT:Cross And Cross Companies based in Manhattan Defunct architecture firms based in New York City American alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts 1907 establishments in New York City 1942 disestablishments in New York (state)