Cross-border cooperation is the collaboration between adjacent areas across borders. In the European Union this is one of the forms of territorial cooperation (in addition to transnational and interregional cooperation). The European model is very diverse with cooperation between border regions or municipalities, or through specific cooperation structures. These structures are usually composed by public authorities (municipalities, districts, counties, regions) from different countries organized in working communities, euroregions or EGTCs ( European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation).

Cross-border collaboration at internal borders of the European Union

Interreg

European Territorial Cooperation, also commonly known as

Interreg Interreg is a series of programmes to stimulate cooperation between regions in and out of the European Union (EU), funded by the European Regional Development Fund. The first Interreg started in 1989. Interreg IV covered the period 2007–2013. I ...

, is a key instrument from the European Cohesion policy supporting cross-border Interreg A cooperation across Europe. For the fifth programming period 2014-2020 Interreg A is exclusively funded through the

European Regional Development Fund The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) is one of the European Structural and Investment Funds allocated by the European Union. Its purpose is to transfer money from richer regions (not countries), and invest it in the infrastructure and se ...

with EUR 6.6 billion for the fifth programming period, amounting for 1.9% of the total EU cohesion policy budget for 2014–2020.

EGTC

The European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC) enables public bodies, regional and local authorities, associations and also

EU Member States The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been des ...

to create a new cooperation entity with a legal personality. The inception of this new instrument for cooperation at Community level in the framework of regional policy was in 2006. The establishment of a cooperation groupings aims to overcome the obstacles hindering cooperation across borders such as geographical, natural, cultural or administrative borders. EGTC facilitate cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation by co-financing projects through European funds or without EU financial support. EGTC programmes are regulated under the framework of the Regulation (EC) No 1082/2006.

Cross-border collaboration at external borders of the European Union

Interreg IPA CBC

Interreg

Instrument for pre-accession Assistance The Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance, or simply IPA, is a funding mechanism of the European Union. As of 2007, it replaced previous programmes such as the PHARE, ISPA, SAPARD SAPARD (Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural ...

(IPA) II contributes jointly to the pre-accession process for the period 2014–2020. Assistance is provided to 7 candidate countries and potential candidates from the

Western Balkans The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the whol ...

and

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

. As a single framework for candidates and potential candidates, IPA aims to foster cooperation between Member States and candidate/potential candidates and also among the candidate/ potential candidate countries. Thus, IPA is the instrument established by the EU to strengthen institutional capacity by providing them assistance and technical help in administrative, political, social and economic reforms. The new design of IPA, following up IPA 2007–2013, focus on a more strategic approach. For each country there is a strategic paper with a specific agenda promoting structural reforms and setting up priorities. Also a multi-Country Strategy Paper addresses priorities for regional cooperation or territorial cooperation. * Budget allocation for IPA 2014-2020: EUR 11.7 billion * Beneficiary countries:

Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...

Kosovo Kosovo ( sq, Kosova or ; sr-Cyrl, Косово ), officially the Republic of Kosovo ( sq, Republika e Kosovës, links=no; sr, Република Косово, Republika Kosovo, links=no), is a partially recognised state in Southeast Euro ...

, Macedonia,

Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = M ...

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...

and

ENI CBC

Interreg and the

European Neighbourhood Instrument Global Europe, officially the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument (NDICI), is the financial arm of the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union, which provides funding for the European Neighbourhood ...

(ENI) finance jointly programmes strengthening bilateral relations between EU Member States and partner countries laying on the East and South of the EU's borders. Cooperation are especially in sectors like democracy, human rights, the rule of law, good governance and sustainable development. * Budget allocation for ENI 2014-2020: EUR 15,433 billion + 10 million Euros from IPA for the participation of Turkey * Beneficiary countries: Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Egypt, Georgia, Israel, Jordan, Leba-non, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, Norway, Palestine, Russia, Ukraine, Tunisia, Syria. Turkey participates from IPA allocation.

List

References

{{reflist

External links

Official EU website for regional policy

European Commission on Interreg

European Commission on EGTC

Committee of the Regions on EGTC

Interact on EGTC
* cbc.ab.gov.tr * http://blacksea-cbc.net/ * http://www.ipacbc-bgtr.eu/ International trade Cross-border regions Transnationalism

Cross-border collaboration at internal borders of the European Union

Interreg

EGTC

Cross-border collaboration at external borders of the European Union

Interreg IPA CBC

ENI CBC

List

See also

References

External links