Crockford's, the popular name for William Crockford's ''St James's Club'' was a

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

gentlemen's club, now dissolved. It was established in 1823, closed in 1845, re-founded in 1928 and closed in 1970. One of London's older clubs, it was centred on gambling and maintained a somewhat raffish and raucous reputation. It was founded by

William Crockford William Crockford (13 January 1776 – 24 May 1844) was an English Regency entrepreneur; horse racing enthusiast and proprietor of the infamous gambling club Crockford's who became one of the richest men in England. Life Crockford was born 13 Janu ...

who employed Benjamin Wyatt and

Philip Wyatt Philip William Wyatt (5 March 1785 – 1835) was an English architect and member of the Wyatt family. He was the youngest son of the architect James Wyatt and his wife Rachel (Lunn) Wyatt, and a nephew of Samuel Wyatt, cousin to Sir Jeffry Wyatvil ...

to construct the city's most opulent palace of gentlemanly pleasure, which opened in November 1827. and he employed two of London's finest chefs of the time,

Louis Eustache Ude Louis-Eustache Ude, (''ca'' 1769 –b10 April 1846), chef and author, was the best-known French chef in London before Alexis Soyer's reign in the kitchens of the Reform Club (1837–50). Ude was the chef at Crockford's. the fashionable gentlemen ...

and then

Charles Elmé Francatelli Charles Elmé Francatelli (180510 August 1876) was an Italian British cook, known for his cookery books popular in the Victorian era, such as ''The Modern Cook''. Biography Francatelli was born in London, of Italian descent, in 1805. He was ed ...

to feed its members, food and drink being supplied free after midnight. From 1823, the club leased 50 St. James's Street, and then nos. 51–53, which enabled Crockford to pull down all four houses and build his palatial club on the site. After the club's closure, this continued to be used as a clubhouse, at first briefly by the short-lived Military, Naval and County Service Club, and then between 1874 and 1976 it was home to the

Devonshire Club The Devonshire Club was a London gentlemen's club which was established in 1874 and was disbanded in 1976. Throughout its existence it was based at 50 St James's Street. The major Liberal club of the day was the Reform Club, but in the wake of ...

. The current Crockfords, though using much of the "Crocky" imagery and high-end reputation, has no connection with the original club and operates from an entirely different building at nearby 30 Curzon Street.

Founder

William Crockford was born on 13 January 1776, the son of William and Mary Ann Crockford, and was baptised at

St Clement Danes St Clement Danes is an Anglican church in the City of Westminster, London. It is situated outside the Royal Courts of Justice on the Strand. Although the first church on the site was reputedly founded in the 9th century by the Danes, the current ...

in London on 12 February 1776. He began life working in his father's fish shop adjoining Temple Bar (at the original site of that landmark gate – now to be found aside St Paul's Cathedral). His ability at calculation was to stand him in good stead: he quickly took to gambling, and after a number of long sessions amassed a tidy sum – enough to launch himself into Regency clubland. He acquired a site in St James's Street and opened a building that was to become the most famous gaming house in Europe: "Crockford's". He catered to the aristocracy, took a charge on every bet laid, and in the process amassed a fortune estimated at the time of his 'retirement' in 1840 to have been £1,200,000 in the currency of the time, certainly enough to establish homes at 11 Carlton House Terrace at which he died (later to become Prime Minister William Gladstone's home) and at Panton House, Newmarket. Although he had technically retired in 1840, leaving the running of the Club to a Management Committee, he still owned the lease, which was sold after his death for £2,900, with twenty-two years still to run at a yearly rent of £1,400. He married first Mary Lockwood in 1801 and then Sarah Frances Douglas on 20 May 1812 in

St George's, Hanover Square St George's, Hanover Square, is an Anglican church, the parish church of Mayfair in the City of Westminster, central London, built in the early eighteenth century as part of a project to build fifty new churches around London (the Queen Anne C ...

; he fathered 14 children and died on 24 May 1844. He lies buried in a family vault underneath the Chapel of Kensal Green Cemetery, London.

Refounding

In 1928, the club was refounded primarily as a

bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually somethi ...

club patronised by British players including world champion Terence Reese and

Kenneth Konstam Kenneth Walter "Konnie" Konstam (born Adolf Walter Konstam; 25 February 1906 – 21 May 1968) was an English international bridge player who won seven international titles. In 1955 he played on the only Great Britain team to win the Bermuda Bowl (t ...

. Subsequently,

chemin-de-fer Baccarat or baccara (; ) is a card game played at casinos. It is a comparing card game played between two hands, the "player" and the "banker". Each baccarat coup (round of play) has three possible outcomes: "player" (player has the higher score ...

roulette Roulette is a casino game named after the French word meaning ''little wheel'' which was likely developed from the Italian game Biribi''.'' In the game, a player may choose to place a bet on a single number, various groupings of numbers, the ...

and

blackjack Blackjack (formerly Black Jack and Vingt-Un) is a casino banking game. The most widely played casino banking game in the world, it uses decks of 52 cards and descends from a global family of casino banking games known as Twenty-One. This fami ...

were added, reverting the club to its gambling traditions.

References

Notes

Bibliography

*Henry Turner Waddy, ''The Devonshire Club and Crockford's'' (E. Nash, 1919
Full text out of copyright and available at archive.org
*Frank Siltzer, "Newmarket its Sport and Personalities" (Cassell & Co 1923) *Rupert Mackeson, ''Bet like a Man'' (Eye Ltd 2001) *Harold P. Clunn, ''The face of London'' (Spring Books) *John Raymond, ''The Reminiscences of Captain Gronow being anecdotes of the camp court, clubs and society 1810–1860'' (The Bodley Head, 1964) *Ralph Nevill, ''The Man of Pleasure'' (Chatto & Windus, 1912) *Ralph Nevill, ''London Clubs – their history & treasures'' (Chatto & Windus, 1911) *Ralph Nevill, ''Romantic London'' (Cassell & Co., 1928) * Jane Ridley, ''The Young Disraeli 1804–1846'' ( Sinclair-Stevenson 1995) *"St James's : a satirical poem in six epistles to Mr Crockford" (London 1827) *E.J. Burford "Royal St James's – being a story of kings, clubmen and courtesans" (Robert Hale London 1988) *E. Beresford Chancellor "Memorials of St James's Street" (Grant Richards Ltd 1922) *Henry Blyth "Hell & Hazard – or William Crockford versus the Gentlemen of England"(Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1969) *Hunter Davies "The New London Spy" (Anthony Blond) *W. Teignmouth Shore "D'Orsay or the Complete Dandy" (John Long Ltd 1911) *Arthur Bryant "The Age of Elegance 1812–1822" (Collins 1950) *

Stella Margetson Stella Margetson (6 March 1912 – 13 April 1992) was a British novelist and writer on historical subjects and social history, particularly specialising on books about the 19th-century. Biography Stella Margetson was born in Hampstead in Lon ...

"Leisure and Pleasure in the Nineteenth Century" (Cassell 1969) *

Simon Dewes John Muriel (7 April 1909 – 1975), also known as "John St. Clair Muriel", was a British countryman, teacher, novelist, and biographer from a middle-class East Anglian background who wrote as "Simon Dewes" and "John Lindsey". Muriel drew on his ...

"Temple Bar Tapestry" (Rich & Cowan) *A.L.Humphreys "Crockford's or The Goddess of Chance in St James's Street 1828–1844" (Hutchinson 1953) *Michael Sadlier "Blessington-D'Orsay – A Masquerade" (Constable & Co Ltd 1933 & 1947) *"Bentley's Miscellany" Vol XV 1844 *"Crockford-House, A Rhapsody in Two Cantos" (John Murray 1827) *Charles Evans "The Legend of the Crockford Treasure – a play for children" (Cressrelles Publishing) *Connery Chappell "Two Pleasures for Your Choosing – The World of William Crockford" (Falcon Press 1951) *T. H. S. Escott "The Romance of the West-End & Other Social Clubs" (T. Fisher Unwin 1914) *John o'London "London Stories" (Bracken Books 1985) Reprint of 1882 publication *Yves-Michel Ergal "Jeux d'Enfer" (Calmann-Levy 1992) An historical novel about William Crockford written in French *G.E.Mingay "Georgian London" (Batsford 1975) *David Piper "London" (Book Club 1964) *Harold Clunn "The Face of London" (Spring 1950s) *Gabriel Orozco "Empty Club" (Artangel 1996) *Tony Byles "In Search of Running Rein" (Apex 2011) *Nicholas Foulkes "Gentlemen and Blackguards" (Phoenix 2010) {{coord, 51.507387, -0.140579, type:landmark_region:GB, display=title Gentlemen's clubs in London 1793 establishments in England Defunct clubs and societies of the United Kingdom Defunct organisations based in London Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster

Founder

Refounding

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography