''Cremnoconchus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of small

freshwater snail Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks which live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the (mostly marine)

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Littorinidae The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found worldwide. Names In English-speaking countries, gastropod molluscs from o ...

, the winkles or periwinkles.Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". ''

Hydrobiologia ''Hydrobiologia'', ''The International Journal of Aquatic Sciences'', is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing 21 issues per year, for a total of well over 4000 pages per year. ''Hydrobiologia'' publishes original research, reviews and opi ...

'' 595: 149-166
hdl.handle.net
. The generic name ''Cremnoconchus'' is from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

word κρημνός which means

precipice In geography and geology, a cliff is an area of rock which has a general angle defined by the vertical, or nearly vertical. Cliffs are formed by the processes of weathering and erosion, with the effect of gravity. Cliffs are common on coa ...

and from the

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

word κόγχος which means shell. This genus is the only freshwater genus within the Littorinidae; all other Littorinidae are marine. Two ''Cremnoconchus'' species live in

waterfall A waterfall is a point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops. Waterfalls also occur where meltwater drops over the edge of a tabular iceberg or ice shelf. Waterfalls can be formed in several wa ...

The genus ''Cremnoconchus'' is endemic to the North western Ghats of

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

Species

There were recognized 2-3 species by Strong et al. in 2008, but Reid et al. described 6 new species of ''Cremnoconchus'' in 2013. Species within the genus ''Cremnoconchus'' include: * '' Cremnoconchus agumbensis'' Reid, Aravind & Madhyastha, 2013Reid D. G., Aravind N. A., & Madhyastha N. A. (2013). "A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the Western Ghats of India: the genus ''Cremnoconchus'' W.T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)". ''

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society The ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering zoology published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Linnean Society. The editor-in-chief is Maarten Christenhusz (Linnean Society). ...

'' 167(1): 93-135. . * '' Cremnoconchus canaliculatus'' W. T. Blanford, 1870 - synonym: ''Cremnoconchus fairbanki'' Hanley & Theobald, 1876 * '' Cremnoconchus castanea'' Reid, Aravind & Madhyastha, 2013 * '' Cremnoconchus cingulatus'' Reid, Aravind & Madhyastha, 2013 * '' Cremnoconchus conicus'' Blanford, 1870 - synonym: '' Cremnoconchus carinatus'' (Layard, 1854) * '' Cremnoconchus dwarakii'' Reid, Aravind & Madhyastha, 2013 * '' Cremnoconchus globulus'' Reid, Aravind & Madhyastha, 2013 * '' Cremnoconchus hanumani'' Reid, Aravind & Madhyastha, 2013 * '' Cremnoconchus syhadrensis'' (Blanford, 1863)Reid, David G. (2010). ''Cremnoconchus syhadrensis'' (Blanford, 1863). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=446845 on 2011-09-05 - type species ;Synonyms: * ''Cremnochonchus messageri'' Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900 is a synonym for '' Paludomus messageri'' (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900)

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5184093 Littorinidae