The Creation Evidence Museum of Texas, originally Creation Evidences Museum,
["Footprints of Fantasy"](_blank)
by Kaylois Henry, ''Dallas Observer
''Dallas Observer'' is a free digital and print publication based in Dallas, Texas. The ''Observer'' publishes daily online coverage of local news, restaurants, music, and arts, as well as longform narrative journalism. A weekly print issue circ ...
'', December 12, 1996. Retrieved August 15, 2008. is a
creationist museum
A creationist museum is a facility that hosts exhibits which use the established natural history museum format to present a young Earth creationist view that the Earth and life on Earth were created some 6,000 to 10,000 years ago in six days. Thes ...
in
Glen Rose
Glen Rose (April 23, 1905 – September 3, 1994) was an American football and basketball coach. He served as the head basketball coach at the University of Arkansas from 1933 to 1942 and again from 1952 to 1966, as well as the head football coach ...
in
Somervell County in central
Texas
Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...
,
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
. Founded in 1984 by
Carl Baugh
Carl Edward Baugh (born October 21, 1936) is an American young Earth creationist. Baugh has claimed to have discovered human footprints alongside dinosaur footprints near the Paluxy River in Texas. Baugh promoted creationism as the former host o ...
for the purpose of researching and displaying exhibits that support
creationism
Creationism is the religious belief that nature, and aspects such as the universe, Earth, life, and humans, originated with supernatural acts of divine creation. Gunn 2004, p. 9, "The ''Concise Oxford Dictionary'' says that creationism is 't ...
, it portrays the Earth as six thousand years old and humans coexisting with
dinosaurs
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is t ...
,
disputing that the
Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water. About 71% of Earth's surfa ...
is approximately 4.5 billion years old and dinosaurs
became extinct 65.5 million years before
human beings arose.
[''Finding the Evolution in Medicine'']
, Cynthia Delgado, NIH
The National Institutes of Health, commonly referred to as NIH (with each letter pronounced individually), is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in the late ...
Record, July 28, 2006.[Larry Martz & Ann McDaniel, '']Newsweek
''Newsweek'' is an American weekly online news magazine co-owned 50 percent each by Dev Pragad, its president and CEO, and Johnathan Davis (businessman), Johnathan Davis, who has no operational role at ''Newsweek''. Founded as a weekly print m ...
'' CIX(26): 23-24, June 29, 1987, ISSN 0028-9604
History and projects
The Creation Evidence Museum was founded by Carl Baugh, a
young Earth creationist
Young Earth creationism (YEC) is a form of creationism which holds as a central tenet that the Earth and its lifeforms were created by supernatural acts of the Abrahamic God between approximately 6,000 and 10,000 years ago. In its most widespr ...
, after he came to Glen Rose in 1982 to research claims of
fossilized
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in ...
human footprints alongside
dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is t ...
footprints in the
limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...
banks of the
Paluxy River, near
Dinosaur Valley State Park
Dinosaur Valley State Park is a state park near Glen Rose, Texas, United States.
History
Dinosaur Valley State Park, located just northwest of Glen Rose in Somervell County, Texas, is a scenic park set astride the Paluxy River. The land for ...
. He claims to have excavated 475 dinosaur footprints and 86 human footprints,
["Creation Evidence Museum, Glen Rose, Texas"](_blank)
Roadside America
Roadside America was an indoor miniature village and railway covering . Created by Laurence Gieringer in 1935, it was first displayed to the public in his Hamburg, Pennsylvania, home. The miniature village's popularity increased after stories we ...
. Retrieved August 15, 2008. which form the basis of the Creation Evidence Museum as well as other exhibits.
["Creationism Alive and Kicking in Glen Rose"](_blank)
by Greg Beets, August 5, 2005, ''Austin Chronicle
''The Austin Chronicle'' is an alternative weekly newspaper published every Thursday in Austin, Texas, United States. The paper is distributed through free news-stands, often at local eateries or coffee houses frequented by its targeted demogr ...
''. Baugh, who does not have an
accredited
Accreditation is the independent, third-party evaluation of a conformity assessment body (such as certification body, inspection body or laboratory) against recognised standards, conveying formal demonstration of its impartiality and competence to ...
degree, remains the director and main speaker for CEM.
In 2001 Baugh and Creation Evidence Museum were featured on ''
The Daily Show
''The Daily Show'' is an American late-night talk and satirical news television program. It airs each Monday through Thursday on Comedy Central with release shortly after on Paramount+. ''The Daily Show'' draws its comedy and satire form from ...
'' where Baugh likened human history to ''
The Flintstones
''The Flintstones'' is an American animated sitcom produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. The series takes place in a romanticized Stone Age setting and follows the activities of the titular family, the Flintstones, and their next-door neighb ...
'' and the show poked fun at his claims about the hyperbaric biosphere, pterodactyl expeditions, and dinosaurs.
The Creation Evidence Museum sponsors continuing
paleontological
Paleontology (), also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene epoch (geology), epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present). It includes t ...
and
archaeological
Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscap ...
excavations among other research projects, including a hunt for living
pterodactyls
''Pterodactylus'' (from Greek () meaning 'winged finger') is an extinct genus of pterosaurs. It is thought to contain only a single species, ''Pterodactylus antiquus'', which was the first pterosaur to be named and identified as a flying rept ...
in
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...
,
["Adam, Eve and T. Rex"](_blank)
by Ashley Powers, August 27, 2005, ''Los Angeles Times
The ''Los Angeles Times'' (abbreviated as ''LA Times'') is a daily newspaper that started publishing in Los Angeles in 1881. Based in the LA-adjacent suburb of El Segundo since 2018, it is the sixth-largest newspaper by circulation in the Un ...
''. Retrieved August 14, 2008. and expeditions to
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
.
["Bronstein, head of Israeli Department of Antiquities, lectures in Glen Rose"](_blank)
, John Watson, ''Cleburne Times-Review
The ''Cleburne Times-Review'' is a six-day daily newspaper published in Cleburne, Texas, in the morning on weekdays (Monday through Saturday). It covers "all of Johnson County". It is owned by Community Newspaper Holdings Inc.
History
The newspa ...
'', February 05, 2006. Materials from the museum have been recommended by the
National Council on Bible Curriculum in Public Schools
The National Council on Bible Curriculum in Public Schools (NCBCPS) is a conservative nonprofit organization that promotes the use of its 300-page Bible curriculum, ''The Bible in History and Literature'', in public schools throughout the United St ...
,
["The Case for Teaching The Bible"](_blank)
by David Van Biema, ''Time
Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, to ...
'' magazine, March 22, 2007. but the NCBCPS curriculum has been deemed "unfit for use in public school classrooms."
One of the museum's projects is a "
hyperbaric
Hyperbaric medicine is medical treatment in which an ambient pressure greater than sea level atmospheric pressure is a necessary component. The treatment comprises hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), the medical use of oxygen at an ambient pressure ...
biosphere
The biosphere (from Greek βίος ''bíos'' "life" and σφαῖρα ''sphaira'' "sphere"), also known as the ecosphere (from Greek οἶκος ''oîkos'' "environment" and σφαῖρα), is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems. It can also be ...
", a chamber which the museum hopes will reproduce the atmospheric conditions that these creationists postulate for Earth before the
Great Flood
A flood myth or a deluge myth is a myth in which a great flood, usually sent by a deity or deities, destroys civilization, often in an act of divine retribution. Parallels are often drawn between the flood waters of these myths and the primaeval ...
, and enable them to grow dinosaurs. Baugh says that these conditions made creatures
live longer, and get
larger, smarter and nicer.
He claims that tests under these conditions have tripled the lifespan of fruit-flies, and detoxified copperhead snakes. A much larger version is under construction in the new building.
In 2008, a descendant of a family that provided many original Paluxy River dinosaur tracks in the 1930s claimed that her grandfather had faked many of them, including the
Alvis Delk Cretaceous Footprint.
Zana Douglas, the granddaughter of George Adams, explained that during the 1930s depression her grandfather and other residents of Glen Rose made money by making
moonshine
Moonshine is high-proof liquor that is usually produced illegally. The name was derived from a tradition of creating the alcohol during the nighttime, thereby avoiding detection. In the first decades of the 21st century, commercial dist ...
and selling "dinosaur fossils".
The faux fossils brought $15 to $30 and when the supply ran low, they "just carved more, some with human footprints thrown in."
Exhibits
All of the creationist exhibits have been strongly criticized as incorrectly identified dinosaur prints, other fossils, or outright forgeries.
["Seeking Ancient Paths"](_blank)
John R. Armstrong, PSCF 41 (March 1989): 33–35, American Scientific Affiliation. Retrieved August 15, 2008.["The Rise and Fall of the Paluxy Mantracks"](_blank)
by Ronnie J. Hastings, PSCF 40 (September 1988): 144–154. American Scientific Affiliation. Retrieved August 15, 2008. The second floor balcony of the museum features prominently a high statue of
Dallas Cowboys
The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team based in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The Cowboys compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East divisi ...
football coach
Tom Landry
Thomas Wade Landry (September 11, 1924 – February 12, 2000) was an American professional football player and coach. He was the first head coach of the Dallas Cowboys in the National Football League (NFL), a position he held for 29 seasons. Dur ...
.
Displays in the Creation Evidence Museum include:
* The "London Artifact", also known as the "
London Hammer
The London Hammer (also known as the "London Artifact") is a name given to a hammer made of iron and wood that was found in London, Texas in 1936. Part of the hammer is embedded in a limey rock concretion, leading to it being regarded by some as a ...
", an
out-of-place artifact
An out-of-place artifact (OOPArt or oopart) is an artifact of historical, archaeological, or paleontological interest found in an unusual context, which challenges conventional historical chronology by its presence in that context. Such artifact ...
found in 1934 in
London, Texas
London is an unincorporated community in northeast Kimble County, Texas, United States. According to the ''Handbook of Texas'', the community had an estimated population of 180 in 2000.
History
Len L. Lewis, a horse trader and former Union Army ...
. This is a hammer "of recent American historical style" (18th or 19th century) found in a
limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...
concretion that has been claimed to be
Ordovician period
The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period million years ago (Mya) to the start of the Silurian Period Mya.
The ...
or
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of th ...
rock.
It was examined by scientists who concluded that the stone had not necessarily been part of the surrounding rock formation but could have formed around the hammer relatively recently: "The stone is real, and it looks impressive to someone unfamiliar with geological processes.... Minerals in solution can harden around an intrusive object dropped in a crack or simply left on the ground if the source rock (in this case, reportedly Ordovician) is chemically soluble."
* The "Burdick Track", a human footprint in Cretaceous rock. Glen J. Kuban and geologist Gregg Wilkerson described anatomical errors in the "footprint", and remains of algae which indicate that it was
carved into the bottom of a limestone slab, similar to other tracks that were carved in the
Dinosaur Valley State Park
Dinosaur Valley State Park is a state park near Glen Rose, Texas, United States.
History
Dinosaur Valley State Park, located just northwest of Glen Rose in Somervell County, Texas, is a scenic park set astride the Paluxy River. The land for ...
area.
* The "Fossilized Human Finger", a finger where tissues appear to have been
replaced by Cretaceous stone. The stone was not found in situ and according to Mark Isaak "looks remarkably similar in size and shape to the cylindrical sandstone infillings of Ophiomoipha or Thalassmoides shrimp burrows commonly found in Cretaceous rocks. Although its general shape is fingerlike, it has none of the fine structure one would expect from a finger."
* The "
Meister Print", two
trilobites
Trilobites (; meaning "three lobes") are extinct marine arthropods that form the class Trilobita. Trilobites form one of the earliest-known groups of arthropods. The first appearance of trilobites in the fossil record defines the base of the At ...
in
slate
Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. It is the finest grained foliated metamorphic rock. ...
that appear to be crushed in a
sandal
Sandals are an open type of footwear, consisting of a sole held to the wearer's foot by straps going over the instep and around the ankle. Sandals can also have a heel. While the distinction between sandals and other types of footwear can some ...
print. The print is "questionable on several accounts" such as the shallowness of the print,
spall
Spall are fragments of a material that are broken off a larger solid body. It can be produced by a variety of mechanisms, including as a result of projectile impact, corrosion, weathering, cavitation, or excessive rolling pressure (as in a ball ...
patterns, striding sequence, and similarities to the
Wheeler formation
The Wheeler Shale (named by Charles Walcott) is a Cambrian ( 507 Ma) fossil locality world-famous
for prolific agnostid and ''Elrathia kingii'' trilobite remains (even though many areas are barren of fossils)
and represents a Konzent ...
. "In short, the trilobites in the specimen are real enough, but the 'print' itself appears to be due solely to inorganic, geologic phenomena," according to Kuban.
* The "Hand Print in Stone", allegedly a hand print in Cretaceous rock.
["Creation Evidence Museum Online — Museum Displays"](_blank)
, official site. Retrieved August 15, 2008. Baugh has provided no evidence it was
in situ
''In situ'' (; often not italicized in English) is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position." It can mean "locally", "on site", "on the premises", or "in place" to describe where an event takes place and is used in ...
in any Cretaceous bed, nor allowed experts to inspect it. Creationists have been critical of it too.
["Creation Science Rebuttals — Creation Evidence Museum Lacks Evidence!"](_blank)
, by Greg Neyman, Answers in Creation
Old Earth creationism (OEC) is an umbrella of theological views encompassing certain varieties of creationism which may or can include day-age creationism, gap creationism, progressive creationism, and sometimes theistic evolutionism.
Broadly ...
. Retrieved August 15, 2008.
* The "Alvis Delk Cretaceous Footprint", allegedly a human footprint partially overlapped by an
Acrocanthosaurus
''Acrocanthosaurus'' ( ; ) is a genus of carcharodontosaurid dinosaur that existed in what is now North America during the Aptian and early Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous, from 113 to 110 million years ago. Like most dinosaur genera, ' ...
dinosaur footprint, found when a slab supposedly taken from Glen Rose was later cleaned up.
["Rock solid proof?"](_blank)
, by David May, ''Weatherford Democrat
The ''Weatherford Democrat'' is a five-day daily newspaper published in Weatherford, Texas, from Tuesday through Saturday. Covering Parker County, Texas, it is owned by Community Newspaper Holdings Inc. '', July 28, 2008. Also printed a
"Rock-solid proof?"
, in '' Mineral Wells Index'', July 28, 2008.["Creation Evidence Museum Online – Alvis Delk Cretaceous Footprint"](_blank)
official site. Retrieved August 15, 2008.
by David May, August 11, 2008, '' Mineral Wells Index''. Retrieved August 15, 2008.["Rock's finders discovering celebrity not always pleasant"](_blank)
, by David May, August 12, 2008, '' Mineral Wells Index''. Retrieved August 15, 2008. The footprint is presented as representing ''Homo bauanthropus'', a species name coined by Baugh but not recognised by anyone else.
Biologist
PZ Myers
Paul Zachary Myers (born March 9, 1957) is an American biologist who founded and writes the ''Pharyngula'' science-blog. He is associate professor of biology at the University of Minnesota Morris (UMM) described it as a blatant fake. The "human print has toes like tubes and a weirdly dug-in big toe", while "the dino print is even worse — it’s basically a three-pronged flat plate" with no resemblance to a real dinosaur footprint. Kuban described anatomical problems in detail. He notes that the slab was not documented in situ, and there are significant issues with
CT scans claimed to authenticate the slab. Other creationists have not supported the claims, and one of those originally promoting the slab has removed the information from his website.
In 1982–1984, several scientists, including J.R. Cole, L.R. Godfrey, R.J. Hastings, and
Steven Schafersman, examined Baugh's purported "mantracks" as well as others provided by creationists in Glen Rose. In the course of the examination "Baugh contradicted his own earlier reports of the locations of key discoveries" and many of the supposed prints "lacked characteristics of human footprints." After a three-year investigation of the tracks and Baugh's specimens, the scientists concluded there was no evidence for any of Baugh's claims or any "dinosaur-man tracks".
Criticism from creationists
Young Earth creationist organizations such as
Answers in Genesis
Answers in Genesis (AiG) is an American fundamentalist Christian apologetics parachurch organization. It advocates Young Earth creationism on the basis of its literal, historical-grammatical interpretation of the Book of Genesis and the Bible ...
and
Creation Ministries International
Creation Ministries International (CMI) is a non-profit organisation that promotes the pseudoscience of young earth creationism. It has branches in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United State ...
have criticized Baugh's claims saying he "muddied the water for many Christians ... People are being misled."
Don Batten, of
Creation Ministries International
Creation Ministries International (CMI) is a non-profit organisation that promotes the pseudoscience of young earth creationism. It has branches in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United State ...
wrote: "Some Christians will try to use Baugh's 'evidences' in witnessing and get 'shot down' by someone who is scientifically literate. The ones witnessed to will thereafter be wary of all creation evidences and even more inclined to dismiss Christians as
nut cases not worth listening to."
Answers in Genesis lists the "Paluxy tracks" as arguments "we think creationists should NOT use"
mphasis in original The old Earth creationist organization
Answers In Creation
Old Earth creationism (OEC) is an umbrella of theological views encompassing certain varieties of creationism which may or can include day-age creationism, gap creationism, progressive creationism, and sometimes theistic evolutionism.
Broadly ...
also reviewed Baugh's museum and concluded "the main artifacts they claim show a young earth reveal that they are deceptions, and in many cases, not even clever ones."
The "Burdick track" and "fossilized finger" were featured on the controversial
NBC
The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English-language commercial broadcast television and radio network. The flagship property of the NBC Entertainment division of NBCUniversal, a division of Comcast, its headquarters are l ...
program ''
The Mysterious Origins of Man
''The Mysterious Origins of Man'' is a pseudoarchaeological television special that originally aired on NBC on February 25, 1996. Hosted by Charlton Heston, the program presents the fringe theory that mankind has lived on the Earth for tens of ...
'', aired in 1996 and hosted by
Charlton Heston
Charlton Heston (born John Charles Carter; October 4, 1923April 5, 2008) was an American actor and political activist.
As a Hollywood star, he appeared in almost 100 films over the course of 60 years. He played Moses in the epic film ''The Ten C ...
.
["A Review of NBC's 'The Mysterious Origins of Man'"](_blank)
1996, Glen J. Kuban. Retrieved August 15, 2008. Creationist
Ken Ham
Kenneth Alfred Ham (born 20 October 1951) is an Australian Christian fundamentalist, young Earth creationist and apologist, living in the United States. He is the founder, CEO, and former president of Answers in Genesis (AiG), a Christian apolo ...
criticized the production in the February 1996
Answers in Genesis
Answers in Genesis (AiG) is an American fundamentalist Christian apologetics parachurch organization. It advocates Young Earth creationism on the basis of its literal, historical-grammatical interpretation of the Book of Genesis and the Bible ...
newsletter in a review titled "Hollywood's 'Moses' Undermines
Genesis
Genesis may refer to:
Bible
* Book of Genesis, the first book of the biblical scriptures of both Judaism and Christianity, describing the creation of the Earth and of mankind
* Genesis creation narrative, the first several chapters of the Book of ...
."
Ham attacked Baugh's claims, saying, "According to leading creationist researchers, this evidence is open to much debate and needs much more intensive research. One wonders how much of the information in the program can really be trusted!"
See also
*
Creation Museum
The Creation Museum, located in Petersburg, Kentucky, United States, is a museum that promotes a pseudoscientific, young Earth creationist (YEC) explanation of the origin of the universe based on a literal interpretation of the Genesis creat ...
, museum in Northern
Kentucky
Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia to ...
*
Dinosaur Adventure Land, bankrupt theme park in Pensacola, Florida by Kent Hovind
*
Glen Rose dinosaur-human hoax
*
ICR Discovery Center for Science & Earth History
*
List of museums in North Texas
*
List of museums in Texas
This list of museums in Texas encompasses museums defined for this context as institutions (including nonprofit organizations, government entities, and private businesses) that collect and care for objects of cultural, artistic, scientific, or h ...
References
External links
Creation Evidence Museum Online— official site.
{{Creationist museums
Museums established in 1984
Museums in Somervell County, Texas
Pseudoscience
Creationist museums in the United States
Religious museums in Texas