Crawford Hill is located in Holmdel Township,

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...

, United States. It is Monmouth County's highest point, as well as the highest point in New Jersey's coastal plain, standing at least 380 feet (116 m) above

sea level Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical datuma standardised g ...

. The hill is best known as the site of an annex to the Bell Labs Holmdel Complex. Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson of

Bell Labs Nokia Bell Labs, originally named Bell Telephone Laboratories (1925–1984), then AT&T Bell Laboratories (1984–1996) and Bell Labs Innovations (1996–2007), is an American industrial research and scientific development company owned by mult ...

used the

Holmdel Horn Antenna The Holmdel Horn Antenna is a large microwave horn antenna that was used as a satellite communication antenna and radio telescope during the 1960s at Bell Telephone Laboratories in Holmdel Township, New Jersey, United States. It was designate ...

located on Crawford Hill to take measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation. They were awarded the 1978

Nobel Prize in Physics ) , image = Nobel Prize.png , alt = A golden medallion with an embossed image of a bearded man facing left in profile. To the left of the man is the text "ALFR•" then "NOBEL", and on the right, the text (smaller) "NAT•" then " ...

for these efforts that supported the

Big Bang The Big Bang event is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. Various cosmological models of the Big Bang explain the evolution of the observable universe from the ...

theory. For more information, see '' Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation''. More recently the laboratory has undertaken research in the fields of

wireless Wireless communication (or just wireless, when the context allows) is the transfer of information between two or more points without the use of an electrical conductor, optical fiber or other continuous guided medium for the transfer. The most ...

and

fiber-optic communication Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of infrared light through an optical fiber. The light is a form of carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. Fiber is pref ...

and award-winning Bell Laboratories researchers in these fields, working at Crawford Hill include Herwig Kogelnik and Gerard Foschini.
Herwig Kogelnik
won the 2001 Marconi International Fellowship Award and IEEE Medal of Honor for his work in the development of fiber optic technology and the 2006 National Medal of Technology.

Gerard J. Foschini Gerard Joseph Foschini (born February 28, 1940, in Jersey City, New Jersey), is an American telecommunications engineer who has worked for Bell Laboratories since 1961, but is now retired. His research has covered many kinds of data communication ...

was the 2002 recipient of the Thomas Alva Edison Patent Award for his pioneering inventions having to do with the capacity of communications systems with multiple antennas. In 2020,

Nokia Nokia Corporation (natively Nokia Oyj, referred to as Nokia) is a Finnish multinational corporation, multinational telecommunications industry, telecommunications, technology company, information technology, and consumer electronics corporatio ...

sold the Crawford Hill facility and relocated the remaining Bell Labs research staff to the Murray Hill campus.

References

External links

Herwig Kogelnik IEEE Award Web Site
* Landforms of Monmouth County, New Jersey Holmdel Township, New Jersey Hills of New Jersey {{MonmouthCountyNJ-geo-stub