Oettingen in Bayern (
Swabian: ''Eadi'') is a
town in the
Donau-Ries district, in
Swabia, Bavaria
Swabia ; german: Schwaben , colloquially ''Schwabenland'' or ''Ländle''; archaic English also Suabia or Svebia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany.
The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of ...
, Germany. It is situated northwest of
Donauwörth, and northeast of
Nördlingen.
Geography
The town is located on the river
Wörnitz
Wörnitz is a municipality in the district of Ansbach, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Wörnitz, west of Ansbach
Ansbach (; ; East Franconian: ''Anschba'') is a city in the German state of Bavaria. It is the capital of ...
, a tributary of the
Danube, and lies on the northern edge of the
Nördlinger Ries, a meteorite crater in diameter.
The town consists of the municipalities of Erlbach, Heuberg, Lehmingen, Niederhofen, Nittingen and Oettingen.
Industry
The
Oettinger Brewery
Oettinger Brauerei is a brewery group in Germany. Oettinger was Germany's best selling beer brand between 2004 and 2013 with an annual output of in 2011.
Oettinger's headquarters are in Oettingen in Bayern but they also have breweries in Mönch ...
, which make Germany's best-selling brand of beer, has its main brewery and headquarters in Oettingen.
History
Neolithic remains indicate that the region was already settled by around 5000 BC. Archaeologists have also discovered the remains of a
Bronze Age settlement and a Roman village.
The old town centre has a highly unusual aspect; while the eastern side of the main street and market place is baroque, the western side is half-timbered. From 1522 to 1731, the town was split between the Protestant house of
Oettingen-Oettingen
The House of Oettingen was a high-rank noble Franconian and Swabian family. It ruled various estates that composed the County of Oettingen between the 12th century and the beginning of the 19th century. In 1674 the house was raised to the rank of p ...
and the Roman Catholic house of
Oettingen-Wallerstein
The House of Oettingen was a high-rank noble Franconian and Swabian family. It ruled various estates that composed the County of Oettingen between the 12th century and the beginning of the 19th century. In 1674 the house was raised to the rank of p ...
, which built the baroque facades. As well as one side of the street being Protestant and the other side being Catholic, one side used the
Julian calendar, and the other side used the
Gregorian calendar. Each side also had its own synagogue.
Unlike nearby
Dinkelsbühl, which survived World War II unscathed, Oettingen was severely damaged on 23 February 1945 by an Allied bombing raid, part of
Operation Clarion
Operation Clarion was the extensive allied campaign of Strategic bombing during World War II which attacked 200 Nazi Germany, German communication network targets to open Operation Veritable/Operation Grenade, Grenade.
3,500 bombers and nearly ...
, in which 48 aircraft dropped some 500 bombs on the town, killing 199 persons.
[http://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/Home/Lokales/Noerdlingen/Lokalnachrichten/Artikel,-Gedenken-an-den-Bombenangriff-_arid,1495914_regid,14_puid,2_pageid,4504.html">Rieser Nachrichten:Gedenken an den Bombenangriff]
Culture and points of interest
Schloss Oettingen
The
Oettingen Castle, home to the
Princes of Oettingen-Spielberg, is in the center of the city.
Königsturm (King's Tower)
The tower of the lower gate, the so-called King's Tower, is the only one along the city fortifications to have been preserved. The lower outskirts used to be located on the outside, and were secluded by an exterior lower gate. The lower level still exhibits remains of the tower from the 13th century. The city governors together with the citizens constructed a new tower in 1594–96. Cells from the city jail remain on the inside.
Rathaus (City Hall)
The city hall is one of the most outstanding examples of the Swabian Half-timbered (Ger. Fachwerk) style. The stone entry level and portal were built in 1431, while the upper floors and the impressive roof framework come from 1480. The nearby civic house from the 17th century was connected to the city hall during renovations (1986–93). The city hall today is the seat of municipal government and governing body of Oettingen, and the city license bureau is found on the ground floor.
Marktplatz (Marketplace)
The marketplace forms the centre of Oettingen, and the weekly farmers' market takes place here on Fridays. Worth noting is the architectural layout: on the east side, the gables are Baroque, and on the west side, they are half-timbered.
The Storks of Oettingen
Storks have been nesting in Oettingen at least since the time of Count Ludwig XVI (more than 400 years ago), and Ludwig was supposedly a friend of the storks. According to legend, when the count left the town after the
Schmalkaldic War, the storks also moved away and did not come back. Much later, in 1563 when the count came back, the storks, too, returned to the town and have remained there to this day.
Altes Gymnasium (Old High School)
The building was built in 1724 under the direction of Albert Ernest II by Johann Christian Lüttich. It accommodated the Latin School which was established in 1563, and served to educate the children of the parish and of the city governors.
Notable people
*
Rainer Stadelmann
Dr. Rainer Stadelmann (24 October 1933 – 14 January 2019) was a German Egyptologist. He was considered an expert on the archaeology of the Giza Plateau.
Biography
After studying in Neuburg an der Donau in 1933, he studied Egyptology, orientali ...
(1933 – 2019), Egyptologist
See also
*
County of Oettingen
The House of Oettingen was a high-rank noble Franconian and Swabian family. It ruled various estates that composed the County of Oettingen between the 12th century and the beginning of the 19th century. In 1674 the house was raised to the rank of p ...
References
External links
Jewish Encyclopedia
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oettingen In Bayern
Historic Jewish communities
Donau-Ries