![Cologne War 1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Cologne_War_1.svg)
Vest Recklinghausen was an ecclesiastical territory in the
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.
From the accession of Otto I in 962 ...
, located in the center of today's
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia (german: Nordrhein-Westfalen, ; li, Noordrien-Wesfale ; nds, Noordrhien-Westfalen; ksh, Noodrhing-Wäßßfaale), commonly shortened to NRW (), is a state (''Land'') in Western Germany. With more than 18 million inha ...
. The rivers
Emscher
The Emscher () is a river, a tributary of the Rhine, that flows through the Ruhr area in North Rhine-Westphalia in western Germany. Its overall length is with an mean outflow near the mouth into the lower Rhine of .
Description
The Emscher h ...
and
Lippe
Lippe () is a ''Kreis'' (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Herford, Minden-Lübbecke, Höxter, Paderborn, Gütersloh, and district-free Bielefeld, which forms the region Ostwestfalen-Lippe.
The ...
formed the border with the
County of Mark
The County of Mark (german: Grafschaft Mark, links=no, french: Comté de La Marck, links=no colloquially known as ) was a county and state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle. It lay on both sides of the Ruhr Rive ...
and
Essen Abbey
Essen Abbey (''Stift Essen'') was a community of secular canonesses for women of high nobility that formed the nucleus of modern-day Essen, Germany. It was founded about 845 by the Saxon Altfrid (died 874), later Bishop of Hildesheim and saint ...
in the south, and to the
Bishopric of Münster
In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop.
History
In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associat ...
in the north. In the east, a fortification secured the border with
Dortmund and in the west it was bordered by the
Duchy of Cleves
The Duchy of Cleves (german: Herzogtum Kleve; nl, Hertogdom Kleef) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire which emerged from the medieval . It was situated in the northern Rhineland on both sides of the Lower Rhine, around its capital Cleves and ...
.
Today Vest Recklinghausen is divided into the
Kreis Recklinghausen as well as the city of
Bottrop
Bottrop () is a city in west-central Germany, on the Rhine–Herne Canal, in North Rhine-Westphalia. Located in the Ruhr industrial area, Bottrop adjoins Essen, Oberhausen, Gladbeck, and Dorsten. The city had been a coal-mining and rail cent ...
, the northern half of
Gelsenkirchen and the
Osterfeld Borough of
Oberhausen. The term ''Vest'', which denotes a type of judicial district, is still used locally, for instance by a local
radio station
Radio broadcasting is transmission of audio (sound), sometimes with related metadata, by radio waves to radio receivers belonging to a public audience. In terrestrial radio broadcasting the radio waves are broadcast by a land-based radi ...
, a
Shopping mall
A shopping mall (or simply mall) is a North American term for a large indoor shopping center, usually anchored by department stores. The term "mall" originally meant a pedestrian promenade with shops along it (that is, the term was used to refe ...
, a
Bank
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets.
Because ...
and the municipal
public transport
Public transport (also known as public transportation, public transit, mass transit, or simply transit) is a system of transport for passengers by group travel systems available for use by the general public unlike private transport, typi ...
company ''Vestische Straßenbahnen GmbH''.
History
Lordship of Vest Recklinghausen
Vest Recklinghausen was first mentioned in 1228 as a fiefdom of the
Archbishopric of Cologne
The Archdiocese of Cologne ( la, Archidioecesis Coloniensis; german: Erzbistum Köln) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western North Rhine-Westphalia and northern Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.
History
The Electorate of Colo ...
and thus it belonged to the
Electoral Rhenish Circle
The Electoral Rhenish Circle (german: Kurrheinischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire, created in 1512.
The circle derived its name from four of the seven prince-elector
The prince-electors (german: Kurfürst ...
. The administrator lived in castle
Westerholt
Westerholt is a municipality in the district of Wittmund, in Lower Saxony, Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, ...
, located in
Herten. From 1446 to 1576 it was used as collateral, first pawned to the lords of
Gemen
Gemen was an immediate, sovereign lordship of the Holy Roman Empire, in the Lower Rhine region. Since Gemen had a vote in the Imperial Diet it was also an Imperial Estate. It was centered on Gemen, a small town and castle in the present municipal ...
(now part of the city
Borken) and after 1492 to the Lords of
Schauenburg and Holstein-Pinneberg, who pawned the territory back to the Archbishops of Cologne in 1576.
During the
Cologne War (1583–1589), Vest Recklinghausen was occupied and sacked several times by troops from both sides of the conflict. In 1583, although much of the territory was already Protestant, the Calvinist Elector of Cologne,
Gebhard, Truchsess von Waldburg
Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg (10 November 1547 – 31 May 1601) was Archbishop-Elector of Cologne. After pursuing an ecclesiastical career, he won a close election in the cathedral chapter of Cologne over Ernst of Bavaria. After his e ...
and his wife,
Agnes, ordered the destruction of the icons and decorative elements of the churches. In 1584, the territory was sacked again, this time by the competing archbishop,
Ernst of Bavaria
Ernest of Bavaria (german: Ernst von Bayern) (17 December 1554 – 17 February 1612) was Prince-elector-archbishop of the Archbishopric of Cologne from 1583 to 1612 as successor of the expelled Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg. He was also bisho ...
. In 1586, the territory was invaded by
Martin Schenck
Martin Schenck (January 24, 1848 – September 17, 1918) was an American civil engineer and politician from New York. He was New York State Engineer and Surveyor from 1892 to 1893.
Life
He was born on January 24, 1848 in Palatine Bridge, ...
and
Hermann Cloedt, who caused great
damage
Damage is any change in a thing, often a physical object, that degrades it away from its initial state. It can broadly be defined as "changes introduced into a system that adversely affect its current or future performance".Farrar, C.R., Sohn, H., ...
to the farms and small villages, and were besieged by
Claude de Berlaymont
Claude de Berlaymont (or Claudius van Barlaymont), lord of Haultpenne (ca. 1550 – 14 July 1587) was a Flemish military commander in Spain's Army of Flanders during the Eighty Years' War.
Family
He was the seventh and last son of count Charles d ...
, also known as
Haultpenne, in the city of
Werl
Werl (; Westphalian: ''Wiärl'') is a town located in the district of Soest in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Werl is easily accessible because it is located between the Sauerland, Münsterland, and the Ruhr Area. The Hellweg road ...
.
ImageSize = width:1000 height:100
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bar:Leadors color:red width:15 mark: (line,white) align:left fontsize:S
color:black from:1180 till:1803 shift:(-40,15) text:Archbishopric of Cologne
The Archdiocese of Cologne ( la, Archidioecesis Coloniensis; german: Erzbistum Köln) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western North Rhine-Westphalia and northern Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.
History
The Electorate of Colo ...
color:red from:1804 till:1809 shift:(-26,15) text:Arenberg
Arenberg, also spelled as Aremberg or Ahremberg, is a former county, principality and finally duchy that was located in what is now Germany. The Dukes of Arenberg remain a prominent Belgian noble family.
History
First mentioned in the 12 ...
color:green from:1809 till:1813 shift:(-16,30) text:Berg Berg may refer to:
People
*Berg (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name)
*Berg Ng (born 1960), Hong Kong actor
* Berg (footballer) (born 1989), Brazilian footballer
Former states
* Berg (state), county and duchy of the Hol ...
color:red from:1813 till:1815 shift:(-13,45) text:France
color:blue from:1815 till:1871 shift:(-15,15) text:Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...
color:red from:1871 till:1945 shift:(-40,15) text: German Empire
color:yellow from:1945 till:2010 shift:(-30,15) text:Germany
After the turmoil of the Cologne Wars, the administration of Vest Recklinghausen was divided in (circa 1600) in two districts: Recklinghausen continued to administer the eastern section, but
Dorsten
Dorsten (; Westphalian: ''Dössen'') is a town in the district of Recklinghausen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and has a population of about 75,000.
Dorsten is situated on the western rim of Westphalia bordering the Rhineland. Its histor ...
assumed responsibility for the western section. The town of
Recklinghausen including the parish of Recklinghausen and the filial parishes
Ahsen,
Datteln,
Flaesheim,
Hamm-Bossendorf,
Henrichenburg,
Herten,
Horneburg
Horneburg is a municipality southwest of Hamburg (Germany) in the Stade (district), district of Stade in Lower Saxony.
Horneburg is also the seat of the ''Samtgemeinde'' ("collective municipality") Horneburg (Samtgemeinde), Horneburg.
History
Hor ...
,
Oer,
Suderwich,
Waltrop
Waltrop is a town in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the Datteln-Hamm Canal, approximately 15 km east of Recklinghausen and 15 km north-west of Dortmund.
Division of the town
The tow ...
and
Westerholt
Westerholt is a municipality in the district of Wittmund, in Lower Saxony, Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, ...
appertained to the eastern part of the Vest Recklinghausen. The western parishes included
Dorsten
Dorsten (; Westphalian: ''Dössen'') is a town in the district of Recklinghausen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and has a population of about 75,000.
Dorsten is situated on the western rim of Westphalia bordering the Rhineland. Its histor ...
and the parishes Dorsten,
Bottrop
Bottrop () is a city in west-central Germany, on the Rhine–Herne Canal, in North Rhine-Westphalia. Located in the Ruhr industrial area, Bottrop adjoins Essen, Oberhausen, Gladbeck, and Dorsten. The city had been a coal-mining and rail cent ...
,
Buer,
Gladbeck
Gladbeck () is a town in the district of Recklinghausen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Gladbeck is quite a young town, first recognised 21 July 1919 when it was given town rights. The town established itself around five farming villages, Br ...
,
Horst,
Kirchhellen
Bottrop () is a city in west-central Germany, on the Rhine–Herne Canal, in North Rhine-Westphalia. Located in the Ruhr industrial area, Bottrop adjoins Essen, Oberhausen, Gladbeck, and Dorsten. The city had been a coal-mining and rail cent ...
,
Marl,
Osterfeld and
Polsum.
History of the Vest Recklinghausen
/ref>
On 4 September 1614, Ferdinand of Bavaria, the successor to his uncle, Ernst of Bavaria, as the Elector of Cologne, forbade non-Catholics from staying in Vest Recklinghausen.
During the secularization of the ecclesiastical states in 1802–03, also known as the German Mediatisation
German mediatisation (; german: deutsche Mediatisierung) was the major territorial restructuring that took place between 1802 and 1814 in Germany and the surrounding region by means of the mass mediatisation and secularisation of a large number ...
, the electorate was abolished and Vest Recklinghausen was annexed by the Dukes of Arenberg
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ran ...
. In 1811 it was added to the Grand Duchy of Berg
The Grand Duchy of Berg (german: Großherzogtum Berg), also known as the Grand Duchy of Berg and Cleves, was a territorial grand duchy established in 1806 by Emperor Napoleon after his victory at the Battle of Austerlitz (1805) on territories be ...
and in 1815 became part of the Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...
n province of Westphalia.
References
;Citations
;Sources
*Benians, Ernest Alfred; John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton Acton, Baron; Adolphus William Ward, Sir; G W Prothero; Stanley Mordaunt Leathes, Sir; (1905). ''The Cambridge Modern History.'' New York: MacMillan. p. 708.
*Davies, Charles Maurice, ''The History of Holland and the Dutch Republic,'' 1851
*Goetz, Walter, "Gebhard II and the Counter Reformation in the Lower Rhinelands," ''Schaff Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge,'' Johann Jakob Herzog (ed.), v. 4, New York, Funk and Wagnalls, 1909, pp. 439–441. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
* Hennes, Johann Heinrich (1878). ''Der Kampf um das Erzstift Köln zur Zeit der Kurfürsten.'' Köln: DuMont-Schauberg.
* Lin, J.
Cologne War
''The Catholic Encyclopedia.'' Robert Appleton Company.
External links
(in German)
Information to the location of the district of Recklinghausen
(in German)
{{coord missing, North Rhine-Westphalia
Former states and territories of North Rhine-Westphalia
Recklinghausen
Electoral Rhenish Circle
Electorate of Cologne
Former theocracies