County Of Steinfurt
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The County of Steinfurt (''Grafschaft Steinfurt''), originally the Lordship of Steinfurt, was a historic territory of the
Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. From the accession of Otto I in 962 ...
in the Munsterland. It existed from roughly 1100 until 1806.


History

The Lordship of Steinfurt developed around Steinfurt Castle, first mentioned in 1129 but destroyed in
feuds A feud , referred to in more extreme cases as a blood feud, vendetta, faida, clan war, gang war, or private war, is a long-running argument or fight, often between social groups of people, especially families or clans. Feuds begin because one par ...
several times over the centuries. The name was originally ‘Stenvorde,’ referencing a stone ford on the nearby river Aa. In 1357, the lords of Steinfurt became immediate Imperial Counts when they acquired the County of Laer. Still, in 1396, they had to recognize the Prince-Bishop of Munster as the sovereign over Steinfurt. The
House of Bentheim A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air condit ...
came into possession of the Lordship of Steinfurt through marriage in 1421. In 1454, the various Bentheim lands were separated, with Count Arnold I zu Bentheim-Steinfurt taking the Lordship of Steinfurt. In 1495, Steinfurt was raised to the status of an immediate Imperial County by Maximilian I, removing Munster as overlord. Like the County of Bentheim, Steinfurt belonged to the
Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle The Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (german: Niederrheinisch-Westfälischer Reichskreis, nl, Nederrijns-Westfaalse Kreits) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire. It comprised territories of the former Duchy of Lower Lorraine, Fri ...
. In 1544, Count Arnold II converted the county to
Lutheranism Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched th ...
, introducing the Augsburg Confession. Three years later, Munster questioned Steinfurt’s imperial immediacy in the Imperial Chamber Court; the case would take hundreds of years. Count Arnold IV invited Lutheran preachers to his lands, including Steinfurt, to help correctly convert the people to Protestantism. He established an academy in Steinfurt for teaching theology, law, philosophy, and medicine in 1590. In 1606, he died, leading to another splitting of the Bentheim lands. In 1660, Munster invaded again, taking control of Steinfurt. In 1688, Count Ernst Wilhelm converted back to Catholicism and expelled the protestant preachers. This status lasted until 1701, when his son, also named Count Ernst, converted back to Lutheranism. In 1806, with the
dissolution Dissolution may refer to: Arts and entertainment Books * ''Dissolution'' (''Forgotten Realms'' novel), a 2002 fantasy novel by Richard Lee Byers * ''Dissolution'' (Sansom novel), a 2003 historical novel by C. J. Sansom Music * Dissolution, in mu ...
of the Holy Roman Empire, the county was absorbed by the
Grand Duchy of Berg The Grand Duchy of Berg (german: Großherzogtum Berg), also known as the Grand Duchy of Berg and Cleves, was a territorial grand duchy established in 1806 by Emperor Napoleon after his victory at the Battle of Austerlitz (1805) on territories be ...
over the protestations of the Bentheim-Steinfurt family, then led by Count Louis William Geldricus Ernest. In 1810, the county became part of France, although they were driven out by the Prussians following the Battle of Leipzig in 1813. In 1815, following the
Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna (, ) of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon B ...
, Steinfurt became part of the Kingdom of Prussia. Count Louis and his descendants were recognised as mediatised princes. Today, it is part of
North Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia (german: Nordrhein-Westfalen, ; li, Noordrien-Wesfale ; nds, Noordrhien-Westfalen; ksh, Noodrhing-Wäßßfaale), commonly shortened to NRW (), is a state (''Land'') in Western Germany. With more than 18 million inha ...
. The castle itself is still owned by the princes of Bentheim-Steinfurt.


Counts of Bentheim-Steinfurt (1454–1806)

* Arnold I (1454–1466) * Eberwin II (1466–1498) * Arnold II (1498–1544) * Eberwin III (1544–1562) * Arnold III (1562–1606) * ''Anna of Tecklenburg (1562–1577) (regent)'' * Arnold Jobst (1606–1643) ''with'' ** William Henry (1606–1632) ''and'' ** Frederick Ludolph (1606–1629) ''and'' ** Conrad Gumbert (1606–1618) * Ernest William (1643–1693) * Ernest (1693–1713) * Charles Frederick (1713–1733) * Charles Paul Ernest (1733–1780) * Louis William (1780–1806) raised to Prince in 1817


(Mediatised) Princes of Bentheim and Steinfurt (1866–)

* Louis William, 1st prince of Bentheim-Steinfurt (1817) * Alexius Frederick, 2nd prince of Bentheim-Steinfurt (1817-1866) * Louis William, 3rd prince of Bentheim Steinfurt (1866-1890) *
Alexis Alexis may refer to: People Mononym * Alexis (poet) ( – ), a Greek comic poet * Alexis (sculptor), an ancient Greek artist who lived around the 3rd or 4th century BC * Alexis (singer) (born 1968), German pop singer * Alexis (comics) (1946–1977 ...
, 4th prince of Bentheim-Steinfurt (1890-1919) * Viktor Adolf, 5th prince of Bentheim-Steinfurt (1919-1961) * Christian, 6th prince of Bentheim-Steinfurt (1961-


Bibliography

Primary sources * ''Gesetz-Sammlung für die Königlichen Preußischen Staaten''. Berlin. 1815. * Joseph Niesert. ''Codex diplomaticus Steinfordiensis oder Urkundensammlung zur Geschichte der Herrschaft Steinford.'' Volume 1. Coesfeld, 1834. * Joseph Niesert. ''Codex diplomaticus Steinfordiensis oder Urkundensammlung zur Geschichte der Herrschaft Steinford.'' Volume 2. Coesfeld, 1835. * ''Sammlung der Gesetze und Verordnungen, welche in dem Königlich Preußischen Erbfürstenthume Münster : und in den standesherrlichen Gebieten Horstmar, Rheina-Wolbeck, Dülmen und Ahaus-Bocholt-Werth; über Gegenstände der Landeshoheit, Verfassung, Verwaltung und Rechtspflege vom Jahre 1359 bis zur französischen Militair-Occupation und zur Vereinigung mit Frankreich und dem Großherzogthume Berg in den Jahren 1806 und resp. 1811 ergangen sind / Im Auftrage des Königlichen Preußischen Hohen Staats-Ministeriums gesammelt und herausgegeben'' on Johann Josef Scotti Münster: Aschendorff, 1842. * ''Inventare der nichtstaatlichen Archive Westfalens'': Neue Folge / Im Auftrage des Landschaftsverbandes Westfalen-Lippe herausgegeben vom Landesamt für Archivpflege. Münster, Aschendorff. * ''Inventare der nichtstaatlichen Archive des Kreises Steinfurt'' / bearb. unter Mitw. v. arl GeorgDöhmann von L dwigSchmitz-Kallenberg. Münster: Aschendorff, 1907. * ''Inventar des Fürstlichen Archivs zu Burgsteinfurt : Allgemeine Regierungssachen der Grafschaften Bentheim und Steinfurt''; Bestand A / bearb. von Alfred Bruns, Wilhelm Kohl; hrsg. von Alfred Bruns. Münster: Aschendorff, 1971. * ''Inventar des Fürstlichen Archivs zu Burgsteinfurt : Regierungssachen der Grafschaften Bentheim und Steinfurt''; Bestände A Bentheim; A Steinfurt; G / bearb. von Alfred Bruns, Hans-Joachim Behr; hrsg. von Alfred Bruns. Münster: Aschendorff, 1976. * ''Inventar des Fürstlichen Archivs zu Burgsteinfurt : Schuldensachen, Familiensachen (Teilbestand); Reichs- und Kreissachen''; Bestände C, D (Teilbestand), E; beab. von Alfred Bruns. Münster: Aschendorff, 1983. Secondary sources * Casser, Paul. 'Der Niederrheinisch-Westfälische Reichskreis.' In ''Der Raum Westfalen'' II, 2 (1934): 33-70. * Karl Georg Döhmann (Hrsg.): ''Das Leben des Grafen Arnold von Bentheim 1554–1606. Nach den Handschriften herausgegeben.'' Winter, Burgsteinfurt 1903. * Höting, Ingeborg. ''Studien zur Geschichte der Herrschaft Steinfurt : vornehmlich um 1500.'' Münster, 1985. Münster Univ., Magisterarbeit. * Junk, Heinz-K. 'Das Großherzogtum Berg : Zur Territorialgeschichte des Rheinlandes und Westfalens in napoleonischer Zeit.' In ''Westfälische Forschungen'' 33 (1983): 29-83. * Kohl, Wilhelm. ''150 Jahre Landkreis Steinfurt : 1816-1966 ; Geschichte d. Kreisverwaltung.'' Steinfurt, 1966. * Loewe, Walther. ''Das Gerichtswesen der Grafschaft Steinfurt.'' Münster 1913. Diss. Münster Univ. * Stephanie Marra. ''Allianzen des Adels. Dynastisches Handeln im Grafenhaus Bentheim im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert.'' Böhlau, Köln 2007. * Raet von Bögelscamp, Friedrich Freiherr von. ''Bentheim-Steinfurtische, Lagische, Oberysselsche und sonstige Beyträge : zur Geschichte Westphalens ; zugleich ein Versuch einer Provinzial-Geschichte der merkwürdigen Grafschaft Bentheim ; Aus Urkunden und gleichartigen Nachrichten.'' Burgsteinfurt: Denhard 1805. 2 volumes. * Rudolf Rübel. 'Graf Arnold von Bentheim-Steinfurt 1554–1606.' In ''Westfälische Lebensbilder'' 9, Münster 1962: 18–33. * Möller, Johann Caspar. ''Geschichte der vormaligen Grafschaft Bentheim : von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf unsere Tage''. Lingen an d. Ems 1879. * Nerlich, Otto. ''Der Streit um die Reichsunmittelbarkeit der ehemaligen Herrschaft und späteren Grafschaft Steinfurt : bis zum Flinteringischen Vertrag'' (1569). Hildesheim : Lax, 1913. * Christof Spannhoff. 'Von Fakten und Fiktionen: Die Ursprünge der Edelherren von Steinfurt.' In ''Nordmünsterland. Forschungen und Funde'' 3 (2016): 220–243. * Peter Veddeler. 'Das Testament des Grafen Arnold von Bentheim vom Jahre 1591.' In ''Das Bentheimer Land'' 76, 1973: 71–88. * Veddeler, P
ter Ter or TER may refer to: Places * River Ter, in Essex, England * Ter (river), in Catalonia * Ter (department), a region in France * Torre (river), (Slovene: ''Ter''), a river in Italy * Ter, Ljubno, a settlement in the Municipality of Ljubno ob ...
''Politische Geschichte der Grafschaft Bentheim von 1421 bis 1701.''In ''Reform. Bekenntnis Bentheim'' 1988: 9-60.


External links

* http://www.heimatverein-burgsteinfurt.de/index.php?page=Custom&pageID=33 * https://www.his-data.de/objekt/1/8/4/1/steinfurt,gft.htm {{DEFAULTSORT:County Of Steinfurt 1806 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire Steinfurt, County of Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle