Armagh or County Armagh was a

parliamentary constituency An electoral district, also known as an election district, legislative district, voting district, constituency, riding, ward, division, or (election) precinct is a subdivision of a larger state (a country, administrative region, or other poli ...

in the

House of Commons The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. ...

. It was replaced in boundary changes in 1983. The

Act of Union 1800 The Acts of Union 1800 (sometimes incorrectly referred to as a single 'Act of Union 1801') were parallel acts of the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland which united the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Irela ...

provided for the Parliament of Ireland to be merged with the

Parliament of Great Britain The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdo ...

, to form the

Parliament of the United Kingdom The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace of Westminster, London. It alone possesses legislative suprema ...

. The 300 seats in the

Irish House of Commons The Irish House of Commons was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive fra ...

were reduced to 100 Irish members in the

United Kingdom House of Commons The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the upper house, the House of Lords, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England. The House of Commons is an elected body consisting of 650 mem ...

. The thirty-two Irish counties retained two seats in Parliament.

Members of Parliament

Politics and history of the constituency

The union took effect on 1 January 1801. There was no new election for the members of the 1st

, as the House of Commons was composed of members elected to the previous Parliaments of Ireland and Great Britain. The constituencies consisted of the whole of

County Armagh County Armagh (, named after its county town, Armagh) is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland. Adjoined to the southern shore of Lough Neagh, the county covers an area of and ha ...

, excluding the part in the Parliamentary borough constituency of

Armagh City Armagh City was a United Kingdom Parliament constituency in Ireland. Boundaries This constituency was the parliamentary borough of Armagh in County Armagh. It was the successor constituency to the Armagh City constituency of the Parliament of ...

. Catholics were excluded from taking Irish seats in Parliament from 1691 until 1829. See

Catholic emancipation Catholic emancipation or Catholic relief was a process in the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, and later the combined United Kingdom in the late 18th century and early 19th century, that involved reducing and removing many of the restricti ...

for further details. Catholics, who were otherwise qualified to vote, had to take various oaths before doing so; under Acts of 1691 and 1703. An Act of 1727 prohibited "papists" from voting at all. They were not again permitted to qualify to vote until 1793. Before 1885 there was a restrictive property based franchise. In 1829 the traditional county 40 shilling

freehold Freehold may refer to: In real estate *Freehold (law), the tenure of property in fee simple *Customary freehold, a form of feudal tenure of land in England *Parson's freehold, where a Church of England rector or vicar of holds title to benefice p ...

landowning qualification was changed to a £10 qualification (which was an increase to five times the previous level). It was not until the householder franchise was introduced for county elections, in the electoral reforms which took effect in 1885, that most (but not all) adult males became voters. In these circumstances most members of parliament came from a limited number of

Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

aristocratic and gentry families. There were few contested elections. In the first half century or so after the union this constituency was fairly evenly balanced between Whig/Liberal and Tory/Conservative parties. Thereafter the area became more Conservative. The constituency was represented by two MPs from 1801 until 1885, and by one MP from 1922 until 1983. In 1885, it was split into Mid Armagh, North Armagh and

South Armagh South Armagh may refer to: *The southern part of County Armagh * South Armagh (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency) *South Armagh (UK Parliament constituency) *Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade The South Armagh Brigade of the Provisional ...

. A new seat was created in 1922 when as part of the establishment of the devolved Stormont Parliament for Northern Ireland, the number of MPs in the

Westminster Parliament The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the Parliamentary sovereignty in the United Kingdom, supreme Legislature, legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. It meets at the Palace of We ...

was drastically cut. The seat consisted of the entirety of County Armagh. In 1983 most of it became part of the Newry and Armagh constituency, with part going to Upper Bann. From its inception Armagh had a unionist majority, though by the 1970s the nationalist vote was in the mid 30s%. In 1951, it was one of the last four seats to be uncontested in a UK general election, and in 1954 it saw the last uncontested by-election in the UK. In 1974 the Ulster Unionist Party repudiated the

Sunningdale Agreement The Sunningdale Agreement was an attempt to establish a power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive and a cross-border Council of Ireland. The agreement was signed at Sunningdale Park located in Sunningdale, Berkshire, on 9 December 1973. Unionist ...

and so did not reselect the pro Sunningdale MP,

John Maginnis John Edward Maginnis (7 March 1919 – 7 July 2001) was a Northern Irish politician. He was Ulster Unionist Member of Parliament for Armagh from 1959 until he stood down at the February 1974 general election. He stood unsuccessfully for the Un ...

. Instead they ran

Harold McCusker James Harold McCusker (7 February 1940 – 12 February 1990) was a Northern Ireland Ulster Unionist Party politician who served as the Deputy Leader of the UUP Assembly Group from 1982 to 1986. Early life The younger son of Jim and Lily McCu ...

, who held the seat until

1983 The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to Internet protocol suite, TCP/IP is officially completed (this is consid ...

. He was then elected for Upper Bann, which contained part of Armagh. For the history of the area post 1983, please see

Newry and Armagh Newry and Armagh can refer to: * Newry and Armagh (Assembly constituency) *Newry and Armagh (UK Parliament constituency) Newry and Armagh is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons. The current MP is Mickey Brady o ...

and Upper Bann.

Elections

In two-member elections the bloc voting system was used. Voters could cast a vote for one or two candidates, as they chose. The two candidates with the largest number of votes were elected. In

by-elections A by-election, also known as a special election in the United States and the Philippines, a bye-election in Ireland, a bypoll in India, or a Zimni election (Urdu: ضمنی انتخاب, supplementary election) in Pakistan, is an election used to f ...

, to fill a single seat, the

first past the post In a first-past-the-post electoral system (FPTP or FPP), formally called single-member plurality voting (SMP) when used in single-member districts or informally choose-one voting in contrast to ranked voting, or score voting, voters cast their ...

system applied. There was no election in 1801. The representatives of the county in the former

Parliament of Ireland The Parliament of Ireland ( ga, Parlaimint na hÉireann) was the legislature of the Lordship of Ireland, and later the Kingdom of Ireland, from 1297 until 1800. It was modelled on the Parliament of England and from 1537 comprised two chamb ...

became members of the 1st

. After 1832, when registration of voters was introduced, a turnout figure is given for contested elections. In two-member elections, when the exact number of participating voters is unknown, this is calculated by dividing the number of votes by two. To the extent that voters did not use both their votes this will be an underestimate of turnout. If the electorate figure is unknown the last known electorate figure is used to provide an estimate of turnout. Where a party had more than one candidate in one or both of a pair of successive elections change is calculated for each individual candidate, otherwise change is based on the party vote. Armagh election results

Elections in the 19th century

: Archibald Acheson and Robert Camden Cope were co-opted as non-partisans in 1801. :At the 1802 and 1806 general elections, Archibald Acheson and Henry Caulfeild were elected unopposed. :At the 1807 Armagh by-election, Brownlow was elected unopposed. :At the 1807 general election, Richardson and Brownlow were elected unopposed. :At the 1812 general election, Richardson and William Brownlow were elected unopposed. :At the

1815 Armagh by-election Events January * January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anne Isabella Byron, Baroness Byron, Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England. * January 3 – Austrian Empire, Austria, United Kingdom, Britain, and Bourbon-re ...

, Henry Caulfeild was elected unopposed.

Elections in the 1810s

Elections in the 1820s

:At the 1820 general election, Charles Brownlow and

Henry Caulfeild Henry Caulfeild(1779-1862) was an Irish politician. Caulfeild was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He represented Armagh (UK Parliament constituency), Armagh from 1802 to 1806 and again from 1815 to 1818 and finally from 1820 to 1830. Re ...

were elected unopposed.

Elections in the 1830s

Elections in the 1840s

Elections in the 1850s

Elections in the 1860s

* Caused by Close's resignation.

Elections in the 1870s

* Caused by Verner's death.

Elections in the 1880s

Elections in the 1920s

Elections in the 1930s

Elections in the 1940s

Elections in the 1950s

Elections in the 1960s

Elections in the 1970s

References

* ''The Parliaments of England'' by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973) * ''Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland, 1801–1922'', edited by B.M. Walker (Royal Irish Academy 1978) * ''Who's Who of British members of parliament: Volume I 1832–1885'', edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976) * ''Northern Ireland Parliamentary Election Results 1921–1972'', compiled and edited by Sydney Elliott (Political Reference Publications 1973) *

External links

* http://www.oireachtas.ie/members-hist/default.asp?housetype=0 * http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/en.toc.dail.html * http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1923/en/act/pub/0012/index.html * ''For the exact definition of Northern Ireland Parliament constituency boundaries see'' http://www.election.demon.co.uk/stormont/boundaries.html {{DEFAULTSORT:Armagh (Uk Parliament Constituency) Dáil constituencies in Northern Ireland (historic) Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1801 Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1885 Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1922 Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1983 Westminster constituencies in County Armagh (historic) 1801 establishments in Ireland 1885 establishments in Ireland 1922 establishments in Northern Ireland 1983 disestablishments in Northern Ireland