The County of Mark (german: Grafschaft Mark, links=no, french: Comté de La Marck, links=no colloquially known as ) was a
county
A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...
and
state
State may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Literature
* ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State
* ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States
* ''Our S ...
of the
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution i ...
in the
Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
The Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (german: Niederrheinisch-Westfälischer Reichskreis, nl, Nederrijns-Westfaalse Kreits) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire. It comprised territories of the former Duchy of Lower Lorraine, Fri ...
. It lay on both sides of the
Ruhr
The Ruhr ( ; german: Ruhrgebiet , also ''Ruhrpott'' ), also referred to as the Ruhr area, sometimes Ruhr district, Ruhr region, or Ruhr valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 2,800/km ...
River along the
Volme
The Volme is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, and is a tributary of the river Ruhr. It is long, of which about lie within the city limits of Hagen. Its largest tributary is the Ennepe.
The Volme rises at above sea level in the sout ...
and
Lenne
The Lenne is a tributary of the river Ruhr in the Sauerland hills, western Germany. It has caused flooding in recent years.
Having its source on top of the ''Kahler Asten'' near Winterberg in an intermittent spring at an elevation of , the Le ...
rivers.
The Counts of the Mark were among the most powerful and influential
Westphalia
Westphalia (; german: Westfalen ; nds, Westfalen ) is a region of northwestern Germany and one of the three historic parts of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It has an area of and 7.9 million inhabitants.
The territory of the regio ...
n lords in the Holy Roman Empire. The name ''Mark'' is recalled in the present-day district in lands south of the Ruhr in
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia (german: Nordrhein-Westfalen, ; li, Noordrien-Wesfale ; nds, Noordrhien-Westfalen; ksh, Noodrhing-Wäßßfaale), commonly shortened to NRW (), is a States of Germany, state (''Land'') in Western Germany. With more tha ...
, Germany. The northern portion (north of the
Lippe
Lippe () is a ''Kreis'' (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Herford, Minden-Lübbecke, Höxter, Paderborn, Gütersloh, and district-free Bielefeld, which forms the region Ostwestfalen-Lippe.
The d ...
river) is still called ("Higher Mark"), while the former "Lower Mark" (between the Ruhr and Lippe Rivers) is—for the most part—merged in the present Ruhr area.
Geography
The County of the Mark enclosed an area of approximately 3,000 km² and extended between the
Lippe
Lippe () is a ''Kreis'' (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Herford, Minden-Lübbecke, Höxter, Paderborn, Gütersloh, and district-free Bielefeld, which forms the region Ostwestfalen-Lippe.
The d ...
and
Aggers rivers (north-south) and between
Gelsenkirchen
Gelsenkirchen (, , ; wep, Gelsenkiärken) is the 25th most populous city of Germany and the 11th most populous in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia with 262,528 (2016) inhabitants. On the Emscher River (a tributary of the Rhine), it lies ...
and
Bad Sassendorf
Bad Sassendorf is a municipality in the district of Soest, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
History
From the 8th century, the area around the Soester plain was under the Merovingian dynasty. The name “Sassendorf” indicates that it was a S ...
(west-east) for about 75 km. The east-west flowing
Ruhr
The Ruhr ( ; german: Ruhrgebiet , also ''Ruhrpott'' ), also referred to as the Ruhr area, sometimes Ruhr district, Ruhr region, or Ruhr valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 2,800/km ...
separated the county into two different regions: the northern, fertile lowlands of
Hellweg Börde
The Hellweg Börde (German: ''Hellwegbörde'') is a ''börde'' landscape and natural region on the southern edge of the Westphalian Lowland in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which embraces the old Hellweg trading route cities and tow ...
; and the southern hills of the
Süder Uplands
The Süder UplandsSauerland
The Sauerland () is a rural, hilly area spreading across most of the south-eastern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, in parts heavily forested and, apart from the major valleys, sparsely inhabited.
The Sauerland is the largest tourist region in ...
). In the south-north direction the southern part of the county was crossed by the Lenne. In the region of the Lower Lenne was the County of
Limburg
Limburg or Limbourg may refer to:
Regions
* Limburg (Belgium), a province since 1839 in the Flanders region of Belgium
* Limburg (Netherlands), a province since 1839 in the south of the Netherlands
* Diocese of Limburg, Roman Catholic Diocese in ...
(1243–1808), a fiefdom of
Berg Berg may refer to:
People
*Berg (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name)
*Berg Ng (born 1960), Hong Kong actor
* Berg (footballer) (born 1989), Brazilian footballer
Former states
* Berg (state), county and duchy of the Hol ...
.
The seat of the Counts of the Mark
von de Marck
The House of La Marck (german: von der Mar(c)k) was a noble family, which from about 1200 appeared as the counts of Mark.
History
The family history started with Count Adolf I, scion of a cadet branch of the Rhenish Berg dynasty residing at A ...
or
de la Marck
The House of La Marck (german: von der Mar(c)k) was a noble family, which from about 1200 appeared as the counts of Mark.
History
The family history started with Count Adolf I, scion of a cadet branch of the Rhenish Berg dynasty residing at A ...
was originally the
Burg Altena in the
Sauerland
The Sauerland () is a rural, hilly area spreading across most of the south-eastern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, in parts heavily forested and, apart from the major valleys, sparsely inhabited.
The Sauerland is the largest tourist region in ...
region, but moved to ''Burg Mark'' near
Hamm
Hamm (, Latin: ''Hammona'') is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northeastern part of the Ruhr area. As of 2016 its population was 179,397. The city is situated between the A1 motorway and A2 motorway. Hamm railwa ...
in the 1220s. The county was bordered by
Vest Recklinghausen
Vest Recklinghausen was an ecclesiastical territory in the Holy Roman Empire, located in the center of today's North Rhine-Westphalia. The rivers Emscher and Lippe formed the border with the County of Mark and Essen Abbey in the south, and to the ...
, the
County of Dortmund
Dortmund (; Westphalian nds, Düörpm ; la, Tremonia) is the third-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne and Düsseldorf, and the eighth-largest city of Germany, with a population of 588,250 inhabitants as of 2021. It is the la ...
, the
Bishopric of Münster
In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop.
History
In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associat ...
, the County of Limburg,
Werden Abbey
Werden Abbey (german: Kloster Werden) was a Benedictine monastery in Essen-Werden (Germany), situated on the Ruhr.
The foundation of the abbey
Near Essen Saint Ludger founded a monastery in 799 and became its first abbot. The little church w ...
, and
Essen Abbey
Essen Abbey (''Stift Essen'') was a community of secular canonesses for women of high nobility that formed the nucleus of modern-day Essen, Germany. It was founded about 845 by the Saxon Altfrid (died 874), later Bishop of Hildesheim and saint ...
.
Coat of arms
![Mark wapen](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Mark_wapen.svg)
The
coat of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central ele ...
of the county was ''"
Or a
fess
In heraldry, a fess or fesse (from Middle English ''fesse'', from Old French ''faisse'', from Latin ''fascia'', "band") is a charge on a coat of arms (or flag) that takes the form of a band running horizontally across the centre of the shield.Wo ...
chequy
In heraldry, variations of the field are any of a number of ways that a field (or a charge) may be covered with a pattern, rather than a flat tincture or a simple division of the field.
Blazoning of French adjectives
Variations of the field pre ...
Gules
In heraldry, gules () is the tincture with the colour red. It is one of the class of five dark tinctures called "colours", the others being azure (blue), sable (black), vert (green) and purpure (purple).
In engraving, it is sometimes depict ...
and
Argent
In heraldry, argent () is the tincture of silver, and belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals". It is very frequently depicted as white and usually considered interchangeable with it. In engravings and line drawings, regions to b ...
of three"''. These arms have been used by the city of
Hamm
Hamm (, Latin: ''Hammona'') is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northeastern part of the Ruhr area. As of 2016 its population was 179,397. The city is situated between the A1 motorway and A2 motorway. Hamm railwa ...
since 1226. Many other places in the area include the red and white checkered fess in their arms as a reference to the county and often to their founders.
History
![Altena Burg 20051030](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Altena_Burg_20051030.jpg)
Originally belonging to a collateral line of the counts of
Berg Berg may refer to:
People
*Berg (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name)
*Berg Ng (born 1960), Hong Kong actor
* Berg (footballer) (born 1989), Brazilian footballer
Former states
* Berg (state), county and duchy of the Hol ...
at Altena, the territory emerged under the name of Berg-Altena in 1160. About 1198 Count
Frederick I Frederick I may refer to:
* Frederick of Utrecht or Frederick I (815/16–834/38), Bishop of Utrecht.
* Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine (942–978)
* Frederick I, Duke of Swabia (1050–1105)
* Frederick I, Count of Zoll ...
purchased the ''Mark Oberhof'', a
parish land (''Feldmark'') on the territory of the Edelherren of Rüdenberg, liensmen of the
Cologne
Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western States of Germany, state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 m ...
archbishop
Philip von Heinsberg. Here Frederick had the Mark Castle (''Burg Mark'') erected as the residence of the new "Counts of the Mark". The nearby town of
Hamm
Hamm (, Latin: ''Hammona'') is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northeastern part of the Ruhr area. As of 2016 its population was 179,397. The city is situated between the A1 motorway and A2 motorway. Hamm railwa ...
was founded by his son
Adolf I, Count of the Mark
Adolf I, Count de la Mark (German: ''Adolf I. Graf von der Mark und Krickenbeck''; c. 1182? – 28 June 1249), until 1226 also known as Adolf I, Count of Altena-Mark. He was son of Frederick I, Count of Berg-Altena and Alveradis of Krickenbeck, da ...
in 1226, it soon became most important settlement of the county and was often used as residence.
In the 1288
Battle of Worringen
The Battle of Worringen was fought on 5 June 1288 near the town of Worringen (also spelled Woeringen), which is now the northernmost borough of Cologne. It was the decisive battle of the War of the Limburg Succession, fought for the possession o ...
, Count
Eberhard II fought on the side of Duke
John I of Brabant and Count Adolph V of Berg against his liege, the Cologne archbishop
Siegfried II of Westerburg
Siegfried (or Sigfrid) II of Westerburg (before 1260 – 7 April 1297, in Bonn) was Archbishop of Cologne from 1275 to 1297.
Siegfried was the second son of Siegfried IV, Count of Runkel in Westerburg (died 1266). His older brother was Henry (''He ...
, titular Duke of
Westphalia
Westphalia (; german: Westfalen ; nds, Westfalen ) is a region of northwestern Germany and one of the three historic parts of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It has an area of and 7.9 million inhabitants.
The territory of the regio ...
. As Brabant and its allies were victorious, the County of Mark gained supremacy in southern Westphalia and became independent of the
Archbishopric of Cologne
The Archdiocese of Cologne ( la, Archidioecesis Coloniensis; german: Erzbistum Köln) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western North Rhine-Westphalia and northern Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.
History
The Electorate of Colo ...
. The territory of Mark was for long restricted to the lands between the Ruhr and Lippe rivers ("Lower Mark"). New territories in the north ("Higher Mark") were gained during the 14th century in wars against the
Prince-Bishopric of Münster
The Prince-Bishopric of Münster (german: Fürstbistum Münster; Bistum Münster, Hochstift Münster) was a large ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire, located in the northern part of today's North Rhine-Westphalia and western Low ...
.
In 1332 Count
Adolph II married Margarete, the daughter of Count
Dietrich VIII of Cleves. Adolph's younger son
Adolph III upon the death of Dietrich's brother Count
John
John is a common English name and surname:
* John (given name)
* John (surname)
John may also refer to:
New Testament
Works
* Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John
* First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John
* Secon ...
acquired the
County of Cleves
The Duchy of Cleves (german: Herzogtum Kleve; nl, Hertogdom Kleef) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire which emerged from the medieval . It was situated in the northern Rhineland on both sides of the Lower Rhine, around its capital Cleves and ...
on the western banks of the
Rhine
), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland
, source1_coordinates=
, source1_elevation =
, source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein
, source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland
, source2_coordinates=
, so ...
in 1368. In 1391 Adolph III also inherited the Mark from his elder brother
Engelbert III and united both counties as "Cleves-Mark" in 1394.
In 1509 the heir to the throne of Cleves-Mark
John III the Peaceful married
Maria
Maria may refer to:
People
* Mary, mother of Jesus
* Maria (given name), a popular given name in many languages
Place names Extraterrestrial
* 170 Maria, a Main belt S-type asteroid discovered in 1877
* Lunar maria (plural of ''mare''), large, ...
, the daughter of Duke William IV of Berg and
Jülich. In 1511 he succeeded his father-in-law in Jülich-Berg and in 1521 his father in Cleves-Mark, resulting in the rule of almost all territories in present
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia (german: Nordrhein-Westfalen, ; li, Noordrien-Wesfale ; nds, Noordrhien-Westfalen; ksh, Noodrhing-Wäßßfaale), commonly shortened to NRW (), is a States of Germany, state (''Land'') in Western Germany. With more tha ...
in
personal union
A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. A real union, by contrast, would involve the constituent states being to some extent interlink ...
, except for the ecclesiastical states. The dynasty of Jülich-Cleves-Berg became extinct in 1609, when the insane last duke
John William had died. A long dispute about the succession followed, before the territory of Mark together with Cleves and
Ravensberg was granted to the
Brandenburg
Brandenburg (; nds, Brannenborg; dsb, Bramborska ) is a states of Germany, state in the northeast of Germany bordering the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony, as well as the country of Poland. With an ar ...
Elector
John Sigismund of Hohenzollern by the 1614
Treaty of Xanten
The Treaty of Xanten (german: Vertrag von Xanten, links=no) was signed in the Lower Rhine town of Xanten on 12 November 1614 between Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg and John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, with representatives from E ...
(generally accepted in 1666). It then became part of the
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia (german: Königreich Preußen, ) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Re ...
after 1701.
In 1807 the County of the Mark passed from Prussia to
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
in the
Treaties of Tilsit
The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by French Emperor Napoleon in the town of Tilsit in July 1807 in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland. The first was signed on 7 July, between Napoleon and Russian Emperor Alexander, when ...
. In 1808
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
then gave Mark to the elevated
Grand Duchy of Berg
The Grand Duchy of Berg (german: Großherzogtum Berg), also known as the Grand Duchy of Berg and Cleves, was a territorial grand duchy established in 1806 by Emperor Napoleon after his victory at the Battle of Austerlitz (1805) on territories be ...
, which was divided into four
departments along the lines of Napoleonic France. Mark was in the Ruhr Department until the collapse of French power in 1813, when it returned to Prussia.
The Prussian administrative reform of 30 April 1815 placed Mark within Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg,
Province of Westphalia
The Province of Westphalia () was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1815 to 1946. In turn, Prussia was the largest component state of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918, of the Weimar Republic and from 1918 ...
. The Hohenzollern Prussian sovereigns remained Counts of the "Prussian County of the Mark" until 1918.
The "County of the Mark" has no official meaning anymore, but is used to informally refer to the region in
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia (german: Nordrhein-Westfalen, ; li, Noordrien-Wesfale ; nds, Noordrhien-Westfalen; ksh, Noodrhing-Wäßßfaale), commonly shortened to NRW (), is a States of Germany, state (''Land'') in Western Germany. With more tha ...
.
Counts de la Mark
![Grafschaft Mark 1791 Friedrich C Mueller](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Grafschaft_Mark_1791_Friedrich_C_Mueller.jpg)
The
House of La Marck
The House of La Marck (german: von der Mar(c)k) was a noble family, which from about 1200 appeared as the counts of Mark.
History
The family history started with Count Adolf I, scion of a cadet branch of the Rhenish Berg dynasty residing at A ...
is a
cadet
A cadet is an officer trainee or candidate. The term is frequently used to refer to those training to become an officer in the military, often a person who is a junior trainee. Its meaning may vary between countries which can include youths in ...
branch of
Berg Berg may refer to:
People
*Berg (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name)
*Berg Ng (born 1960), Hong Kong actor
* Berg (footballer) (born 1989), Brazilian footballer
Former states
* Berg (state), county and duchy of the Hol ...
dynasty. Another surviving line of the
House of Berg
A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air condi ...
(more senior but less prominent in European History) became counts of
Isenberg Isenberg was a County of medieval Germany. It was a partition of the county of Altena and was annexed to Limburg(Lenne) in 1242.
Counts of Isenberg (1191–1242)
* Eberhard I, Count of Berg-Altena (1140–1180) count of Altena of the burg Altena o ...
, then count of Limburg and
Limburg Styrum
The House of Limburg-Stirum (or Limburg-Styrum), which adopted its name in the 12th century from the immediate county of Limburg an der Lenne in what is now Germany, is one of the oldest families in Europe. It is the eldest and only surviving br ...
.
* 1160–1180
Eberhard I, son of
Adolf IV, Count of Berg
Adolf IV of Berg count of Berg from 1132 until 1160 and of Altena (died after 1161), son of Adolf III of Berg count of Berg and Hövel. He married (1st) Adelheid von Arnsberg, a daughter of Heinrich count von Rietberg; then (2nd) Irmgard (?) von S ...
* 1180–1198
Frederick I Frederick I may refer to:
* Frederick of Utrecht or Frederick I (815/16–834/38), Bishop of Utrecht.
* Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine (942–978)
* Frederick I, Duke of Swabia (1050–1105)
* Frederick I, Count of Zoll ...
, son of
Eberhard I
* 1198–1249
Adolph I, son of
Frederick I Frederick I may refer to:
* Frederick of Utrecht or Frederick I (815/16–834/38), Bishop of Utrecht.
* Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine (942–978)
* Frederick I, Duke of Swabia (1050–1105)
* Frederick I, Count of Zoll ...
. First Count of the House to name himself Count de La Marck in 1202; he scarcely used the titles of Berg and Altena
* 1249–1277
Engelbert I
* 1277–1308
Eberhard II
* 1308–1328
Engelbert II Engelbert II may refer to:
* Engelbert II of Istria (died 1141)
* Engelbert II, Count of Gorizia (died 1191)
* Engelbert II of Berg (1185 or 1186 – 1225)
* Engelbert II of Falkenburg (1220–1274), Archbishop of Cologne
* Engelbert II of the Mar ...
* 1328–1347
Adolph II
* 1347–1391
Engelbert III
* 1391–1393
Adolph III, brother of Engelbert III, Count of Cleves since 1368 and former Bishop of Münster and Archbishop of Cologne
* 1393–1398
Dietrich
* 1398–1448
Adolph IV, son of Adolf III, also Count of Cleves 1394–1417, Duke of Cleves 1417–1448
* 1437–1461
Gerhard Gerhard is a name of Germanic origin and may refer to:
Given name
* Gerhard (bishop of Passau) (fl. 932–946), German prelate
* Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (1292–1340), German prince, regent of Denmark
* Gerhard Barkhorn (1919–19 ...
, brother of Adolf IV – Regent in the County, not allowed to use the title Count de la Mark in his own rights
* 1448–1481
John I John I may refer to:
People
* John I (bishop of Jerusalem)
* John Chrysostom (349 – c. 407), Patriarch of Constantinople
* John of Antioch (died 441)
* Pope John I, Pope from 523 to 526
* John I (exarch) (died 615), Exarch of Ravenna
* John I o ...
, son of Adolph IV, also Duke of Cleves since 1448
* 1481–1521
John II "The Babymaker", son, also Duke of Cleves
* 1521–1539
John III "the Peaceful", son, also Duke of Jülich-Berg since 1511
* 1539–1592
William "the Rich", son, also Duke of Jülich-Berg, Duke of Guelders 1538–1543
* 1592-1609
John William, son, son, also Duke of Jülich-Berg
House of Hohenzollern
* 1614–1619
John Sigismund of Hohenzollern
* 1619–1640
George William, son
* 1640–1688
Frederick William I, son
* 1688–1713
Frederick I Frederick I may refer to:
* Frederick of Utrecht or Frederick I (815/16–834/38), Bishop of Utrecht.
* Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine (942–978)
* Frederick I, Duke of Swabia (1050–1105)
* Frederick I, Count of Zoll ...
, son, ''
King in Prussia
King ''in'' Prussia (German: ''König in Preußen'') was a title used by the Prussian kings (also in personal union Electors of Brandenburg) from 1701 to 1772. Subsequently, they used the title King ''of'' Prussia (''König von Preußen'').
Th ...
'' from 1701
* 1713–1740
Frederick William I, son, King in Prussia
* 1740–1786
Frederick II, son, King ''of'' Prussia from 1772
* 1786–1797
Frederick William II, nephew, King of Prussia
* 1797–1807
Frederick William III
Frederick William III (german: Friedrich Wilhelm III.; 3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840) was King of Prussia from 16 November 1797 until his death in 1840. He was concurrently Elector of Brandenburg in the Holy Roman Empire until 6 August 1806, wh ...
, King of Prussia
''To France by the 1807
Treaty of Tilsit
The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by French Emperor Napoleon in the town of Tilsit in July 1807 in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland. The first was signed on 7 July, between Napoleon and Russian Emperor Alexander, when ...
, incorporated into
Grand Duchy of Berg
The Grand Duchy of Berg (german: Großherzogtum Berg), also known as the Grand Duchy of Berg and Cleves, was a territorial grand duchy established in 1806 by Emperor Napoleon after his victory at the Battle of Austerlitz (1805) on territories be ...
''
See also
*
de la Marck
The House of La Marck (german: von der Mar(c)k) was a noble family, which from about 1200 appeared as the counts of Mark.
History
The family history started with Count Adolf I, scion of a cadet branch of the Rhenish Berg dynasty residing at A ...
(French spelling of the family name which is often used in English)
Further reading
*
Julius Menadier: ''Die Münzen der Grafschaft Mark.'' Dortmund 1909.
*
Aloys Meister: ''Die Grafschaft Mark, Festschrift zum Gedächtnis der 300-jährigen Vereinigung mit Brandenburg-Preußen.'' 2 Bde., Dortmund 1909.
* Margarete Frisch: ''Die Grafschaft Mark. Der Aufbau und die innere Gliederung des Gebietes besonders nördlich der Ruhr''. Aschendorff, Münster in Westfalen 1937.
* Margret Westerburg-Frisch (Hrsg.): ''Die ältesten Lehnbücher der Grafen von der Mark (1392 und 1393).'' Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission Westfalens, Bd. 28: ''Westfälische Lehnbücher,'' Bd. 1, Münster in Westfalen 1967.
* Uta Vahrenhold-Huland: ''Grundlagen und Entstehung des Territoriums der Grafschaft Mark.'' Dortmund 1968.
* Norbert Reimann: ''Die Grafen von der Mark und die geistlichen Territorien der Kölner Kirchenprovinz (1313–1368).'' Historischer Verein, Dortmund 1973.
*
Ernst Dossmann
Ernst is both a surname and a given name, the German, Dutch, and Scandinavian form of Ernest. Notable people with the name include:
Surname
* Adolf Ernst (1832–1899) German botanist known by the author abbreviation "Ernst"
* Anton Ernst (1975 ...
: ''Auf den Spuren der Grafen von der Mark.'' Mönnig, Iserlohn 1983, .
* Oliver Becher: ''Herrschaft und autonome Konfessionalisierung. Politik, Religion und Modernisierung in der frühneuzeitlichen Grafschaft Mark.'' Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2006, .
*
Stephanie Marra
Stephanie is a female name that comes from the Greek name Στέφανος (Stephanos) meaning "crown". The male form is Stephen. Forms of Stephanie in other languages include the German "Stefanie", the Italian, Czech, Polish, and Russian " Ste ...
: ''Grafen von der Mark, Herzöge von Kleve-Mark und Jülich-Kleve (Hof).'' In: Werner Paravicini (Hrsg.): ''Fürstliche Höfe und Residenzen im spätmittelalterlichen Reich,'' Bd. 3, Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2007,
online Text
External links
Edicts of the Duchy of Berg and the County of Mark, 1418–1816 online
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mark, County of
Counties of the Holy Roman Empire
Former states and territories of North Rhine-Westphalia
Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle
Subdivisions of Prussia
States and territories established in 1198
States and territories disestablished in 1807
1198 establishments in Europe
1190s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1800s disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1807 disestablishments in Germany
Former monarchies