The County of Schaumburg (german: link=no, Grafschaft Schaumburg), until ca. 1485 known as Schauenburg, was a state of the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution i ...

, located in the present German state of

Lower Saxony Lower Saxony (german: Niedersachsen ; nds, Neddersassen; stq, Läichsaksen) is a German state (') in northwestern Germany. It is the second-largest state by land area, with , and fourth-largest in population (8 million in 2021) among the 16 ...

. Its territory was more or less congruent with the present

district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...

History

Schaumburg originated as a

medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the Post-classical, post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with t ...

county, which was founded at the beginning of the 12th century. It was named after Schauenburg Castle, near Rinteln on the

Weser The Weser () is a river of Lower Saxony in north-west Germany. It begins at Hannoversch Münden through the confluence of the Werra and Fulda. It passes through the Hanseatic city of Bremen. Its mouth is further north against the ports of Bre ...

, where the owners started calling themselves

Lord Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or ar ...

s (from 1295

Count Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: ...

s) of Schauenburg. Adolf I probably became the first

of Schauenburg in 1106. In 1110, Adolf I, Lord of Schauenburg was appointed by Lothair, Duke of Saxony to hold Holstein and Stormarn, including

Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...

, as

fief A fief (; la, feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an Lord, overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a for ...

s.Lemma Schauenburg/Schaumburg. In: Klaus-Joachim Lorenzen-Schmidt, Ortwin Pelc (Hrsg.): ''Schleswig-Holstein Lexikon''. 2. Aufl., Wachholtz, Neumünster, 2006. Subsequently, the

House of Schaumburg The House of Schaumburg was a dynasty of German rulers. Until c. 1485, it was also known as the House of Schauenburg. Together with its ancestral possession, the County of Schaumburg, the family also ruled the County of Holstein and its partitions ...

were also counts of Holstein and its partitions

Holstein-Itzehoe Holstein-Itzehoe was a county that was formed from Schauenburg and Holstein by the division of Holstein between Gerhard and John in 1261. Gerhard of Holstein-Itzehoe was the only regent. After his death in 1290 Holstein-Itzehoe was divided up b ...

Holstein-Kiel The imperial county of Holstein-Kiel was a line of the House of Schauenburg and Holstein from 1261 to 1390. History The County of Holstein was ruled until 1238 by Adolphus IV of Schauenburg and Holstein. When he retired, his sons John I and Ger ...

, Holstein-Pinneberg (until 1640), Holstein-Plön,

Holstein-Segeberg The County of Holstein-Segeberg was a county in the state of Holstein from 1273 to 1308 and a line of the noble family of Schauenburg and Holstein. The only count of Holstein-Segeberg was Adolphus V, nicknamed ''the Pomeranian'', who was born in 1 ...

and Holstein-Rendsburg (until 1460) and through the latter at times also the dukes of Schleswig. Count Adolf IV was an active ruler and founded the cities of Stadthagen and Rinteln. From 1500 the County of Schaumburg belonged to the

Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle Lower may refer to: *Lower (surname) *Lower Township, New Jersey *Lower Receiver (firearms) *Lower Wick Lower Wick is a small hamlet located in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It is situated about five miles south west of Dursley, eig ...

of the

After the childless death in 1640 of Count Otto V, the

became extinct. The County of Holstein-Pinneberg was merged with the Duchy of Holstein. The County of Schaumburg proper was partitioned among the

agnatic Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through their father's lineage. It generally involves the inheritanc ...

Schaumburg heirs into three parts, one incorporated into the ducal Brunswick and Lunenburgian Principality of Lüneburg, the largest portion becoming the County of

Schaumburg-Lippe Schaumburg-Lippe, also Lippe-Schaumburg, was created as a county in 1647, became a principality in 1807, a free state in 1918, and was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present day state of Lower Saxony, with its capital at Bück ...

, and the eastern territory continuing the name County of Schaumburg (), ruled in

personal union A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. A real union, by contrast, would involve the constituent states being to some extent interlink ...

by Hesse-Cassel. All three are now part of the state of

. When the District of Schaumburg () was formed in middle

in 1977, it chose to use a coat of arms derived from the ancient arms of the Counts of Schaumberg.

Counts of Schauenburg

*1106–1130 Adolf I *1130–1164 Adolf II *1164–1225 Adolf III *1225–1238

Adolf IV Adolf IV may refer to: * Adolf IV, Count of Berg, count of Berg from 1132 until 1160 * Adolf IV of Holstein (before 1205 – 1261) * Adolf IV of the Marck Adolph I of Cleves (german: Adolf I) (2 August 1373 – 23 September 1448) was the second Co ...

*1238–1290

Gerhard I Gerard I may refer to: * Gerard I, Count of Guelders * Gerard I of Isenburg-Kempenich * Gerard I of Durbuy See also *Girard I of Roussillon Gerard I (''Girard'' in French and Catalan, ''Gerardo'' in Spanish), called Guinard, was the count of Rous ...

*1290–1315

Adolf VI Count Adolf VI of Berg (born before 1176 – died 7 August 1218 at Damiette during the Hungarian crusade against Egypt) ruled the County of Berg from 1197 until 1218. Life He was the son of Engelbert I of Berg and Margaret of Geldern, and th ...

*1315–1354 Adolf VII *1354–1370 Adolf VIII *1370–1404

Otto I Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (german: Otto der Große, it, Ottone il Grande), was East Francia, East Frankish king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. He was the olde ...

*1404–1426 Adolf IX *1426–1464

Otto II Otto II (955 – 7 December 983), called the Red (''der Rote''), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy. ...

(1400–1464) *1464–1474 Adolf X (1419–1474) *1474–1492

Erich The given name Eric, Erich, Erikk, Erik, Erick, or Eirik is derived from the Old Norse name ''Eiríkr'' (or ''Eríkr'' in Old East Norse due to monophthongization). The first element, ''ei-'' may be derived from the older Proto-Norse ''* ain ...

(1420–1492) *1492–1510

Otto III Otto III (June/July 980 – 23 January 1002) was Holy Roman Emperor from 996 until his death in 1002. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto III was the only son of the Emperor Otto II and his wife Theophanu. Otto III was crowned as King of ...

(1426–1510) *1510–1526 Antonius (1439–1526) *1526–1527 John IV (1449–1527) *1527–1531 Jobst I (1483–1531) *1531–1560

John V John V may refer to: * Patriarch John V of Alexandria or John the Merciful (died by 620), Patriarch of Alexandria from 606 to 616 * John V of Constantinople, Patriarch from 669 to 675 * Pope John V (685–686), Pope from 685 to his death in 686 * J ...

(joint rule with his brother Otto IV since 1544) **1531–1581 Jobst II (ca. 1520–1581) ruled the

Herrschaft The German term ''Herrschaft'' (plural: ''Herrschaften'') covers a broad semantic field and only the context will tell whether it means, "rule", "power", "dominion", "authority", "territory" or "lordship". In its most abstract sense, it refers ...

of Gemen *1544–1576 Otto IV (1517–1576), prince-bishop of Hildesheim in 1531–1537 as Otto III, converted to the teachings of

Martin Luther Martin Luther (; ; 10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, and professor, and Order of Saint Augustine, Augustinian friar. He is the seminal figure of the Reformation, Protestant Refo ...

and began

Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...

in 1559, jointly with his brother John V until 1560 *1576–1601 Adolf XI (1547–1601) *1601–1622 Ernst (1569–1622) *1622–1635 Jobst Herman (1593–1635) *1635–1640

Otto V Otto is a masculine German given name and a surname. It originates as an Old High German short form (variants ''Audo'', ''Odo'', ''Udo'') of Germanic names beginning in ''aud-'', an element meaning "wealth, prosperity". The name is recorded fr ...

(1614–1640)

Bibliography

* Matthias Blazek: ''Die Grafschaft Schaumburg 1647–1977''. ibidem, Stuttgart 2011 * Walter Maack: ''Die Geschichte der Grafschaft Schaumburg'', 3. Aufl., Rinteln 1986

References

External links

*
Map of the counties of Schaumburg and Schaumburg-Lippe in 1789
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schaumburg Counties of the Holy Roman Empire Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle 1110s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire 1110 establishments in Europe 1640 disestablishments in Europe