Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau (31 March 1576 in
Delft
Delft () is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of South Holland, Netherlands. It is located between Rotterdam, to the southeast, ...
– 15 March 1644 in
Königsberg
Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was named ...
) was a countess consort of the Palatinate by marriage to
Frederick IV, Elector Palatine
Frederick IV, Elector Palatine of the Rhine (german: Kurfürst Friedrich IV. von der Pfalz; 5 March 1574 – 19 September 1610), only surviving son of Louis VI, Elector Palatine and Elisabeth of Hesse, called "Frederick the Righteous" (german: ...
, and took part in the regency government of her son between 1610 and 1614. She also acted as a mediator between the king of Sweden and the elector of Brandenburg in 1631.
Biography
![Louise juliana](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Louise_juliana.jpg)
Louise Juliana was the first Dutch born member of the House of Orange-Nassau. She was the eldest daughter of
William of Nassau, Prince of Orange and his third spouse
Charlotte de Bourbon-Montpensier
Charlotte of Bourbon (1546/1547 – 5 May 1582) was a Princess consort of Orange as the third spouse of William the Silent, Prince of Orange, the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish. She was the fourth daughter of Louis III de Bou ...
.
After her father was murdered in 1584, she and some of her five sisters were raised by their stepmother
Louise de Coligny
Louise de Coligny (23 September 1555 – 9 November 1620) was a Princess consort of Orange as the fourth and last spouse of William the Silent. She was the daughter of Gaspard II de Coligny and Charlotte de Laval.
Biography
Louise was born at C ...
.
On 23 June 1593, Louise Juliana married
Frederick IV, Elector Palatine
Frederick IV, Elector Palatine of the Rhine (german: Kurfürst Friedrich IV. von der Pfalz; 5 March 1574 – 19 September 1610), only surviving son of Louis VI, Elector Palatine and Elisabeth of Hesse, called "Frederick the Righteous" (german: ...
of the Rhine. The marriage was arranged as a Protestant alliance between one of the most powerful Protestant German rulers and a member of a powerful Dutch Protestant dynasty and she was granted a dowry from both the Dutch estates and king Henry IV of France.
The marriage was not happy. Fredrick IV was often drunk and unfaithful, so Louise Juliana arranged for her children to be raised by her sister Elisabeth in the principality of Sedan, where they could be shielded from their father and given a Calvinist upbringing.
After the death of her husband in 1610, she took part in the regency government in the name of her son
Frederick V Frederick V or Friedrich V may refer to:
*Frederick V, Duke of Swabia (1164–1170)
*Frederick V, Count of Zollern (d.1289)
*Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg (c. 1333–1398), German noble
*Frederick V of Austria (1415–1493), or Frederick III, ...
, known as "the Winter King." While
John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
John II the Younger (german: Johann II. der Jüngere) (26 March 1584 – 9 August 1635) was the Duke of Zweibrücken from 1604 until 1635.
Life
John was born in Bergzabern in 1584 as the eldest son of John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken ...
was formally named regent, she took part in the government alongside him.
She was instrumental in arranging the marriage between her son and Elizabeth Stuart in 1613. In 1614, her son was declared an adult and she retired to her dower estate in Kaiserslautern.
Louise Juliana tried to convince her son not to accept the Bohemian crown in 1618. When he left for Bohemia with his spouse, Louise Juliana was left in charge of her grandchildren, Charles Louis and Elizabeth, and returned to Heidelberg to act as the adviser of her son's regent John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken. In 1620, she was forced to flee the Palatinate, and escaped with her grandchildren to her daughter in Berlin (her grandchildren remained in her care until 1628).
When Berlin was besieged by King
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Gustavus Adolphus (9 December Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">N.S_19_December.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="/nowiki>Old Style and New Style dates">N.S 19 December">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="/now ...
in 1631, she was given power of attorney by her son-in-law the Elector of Brandenburg to negotiate, and managed to convince her son-in-law to give in to the Swedish king's demands, thereby saving Berlin from destruction.
[Matty Klatter, Louise Juliana prinses van Oranje, in: Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland. URL: http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/LouiseJuliana 3/01/2014/ref> She left with the Brandenburg court to Köningsberg in 1638.
]
Issue
* Luise Juliane of the Palatinate (Heidelberg
Heidelberg (; Palatine German language, Palatine German: ''Heidlberg'') is a city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914 ...
, 16 July 1594 - Meisenheim, 28 April 1640); married in 1612 to Pfalzgraf John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
John II the Younger (german: Johann II. der Jüngere) (26 March 1584 – 9 August 1635) was the Duke of Zweibrücken from 1604 until 1635.
Life
John was born in Bergzabern in 1584 as the eldest son of John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken ...
.
* Katharina Sofie of the Palatinate (Heidelberg, 10 June 1595 - Köln an der Spree, 28 June 1626).
* Frederick V, Elector Palatine
Frederick V (german: link=no, Friedrich; 26 August 1596 – 29 November 1632) was the Elector Palatine of the Rhine in the Holy Roman Empire from 1610 to 1623, and reigned as King of Bohemia from 1619 to 1620. He was forced to abdicate both r ...
(Jagdschloß Deinschwang
Lauterhofen is a municipality in the district of Neumarkt in Bavaria in Germany.
Notable people
* Engelbert Niebler (1921-2006), from 1975 to 1987 a judge at the Federal Constitutional Court and Honorary Professor of the University of Munich
* ...
, 16 August 1596 - Mainz, 29 November 1632).
* Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate
Princess Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (german: Prinzessin Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz), (french: Princesse Élisabeth-Charlotte du Palatinat); known as Liselotte von der Pfalz, 27 May 1652 – 8 December 1722) was a German m ...
(Neumarkt, 19 November 1597 - Crossen an der Oder Crossen may refer to:
* Crossen an der Elster, municipality in Thuringia, Germany
* Zwickau-Crossen, part of Zwickau in Saxony, Germany
*Crossen (Oder), German name of Krosno Odrzańskie, Poland
*part of the municipality Erlau in Saxony, Germany
* ...
, 26 April 1660); married in 1616 to Elector George William of Brandenburg
George William (german: Georg Wilhelm; 13 November 1595 – 1 December 1640), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was Margrave and Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia from 1619 until his death. His reign was marked by ineffective governance during ...
.
* Anna Eleonore of the Palatinate (Heidelberg, 4 January 1599 - Heidelberg, 10 October 1600).
* Louis William of the Palatinate (Heidelberg, 5 August 1600 - Heidelberg, 10 October 1600).
* Maurice Christian of the Palatinate (Heidelberg, 18 September 1601 - Heidelberg, 28 March 1605).
* Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern
Louis Philip (German: Ludwig Philipp) (23 November 1602 – 6 January 1655) was the Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern from 1610 until 1655. Philip acted as Administrator of the Palatinate between 1632 and 1648.
Philip was born in Heid ...
(Heidelberg, 23 November 1602 - Krossen, 6 January 1655).
References
Links
"Louise Juliana, keurvorstin van de Palts" last accessed April 1, 2007
, -
{{DEFAULTSORT:Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau
1576 births
1644 deaths
17th-century Dutch women
17th-century women rulers
Countesses of Nassau
Electresses of the Palatinate
House of Orange-Nassau