Among
Ukrainian Cossacks, ''starshyna'' was a
collective noun for admitistrative categories of military officers and state officials. In common parlance the term referred to the privileged social stratum of the Cossack society.
КОЗАЦЬКА СТАРШИНА
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Sharshyna was subdivided into:
*General Starshyna (), headed by Hetman (or Quartermaster General as acting Hetman)
**Quartermaster General (Генеральний обозний)
**Judge General (Генеральний суддя)
**Secretary General (Генеральний писар)
**Adjutant General (Генеральний осавул)
**Treasurer General (Генеральний підскарбій)
**Ensign General (Генеральний хорунжий)
**Bunchuk General (Генеральний бунчужний)
*Regimental (Polkova) Starshyna, headed by Polkovnyk (Colonel)
**Regimental Obozni (Quartermaster) () – first Deputy Colonel. He was in charge of artillery and fortress fortifications. In the absence of a colonel he replaced him, but he was not authorized to issue universal orders (as opposed to the commanding colonel).
**Regimental Judge () – was in charge of a civil court in the ratusha
In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses ...
**Regimental Osavul () – assistant Colonel in Military Affairs
**Regimental Khorunzhy () – commander of the "Khorunzhy Cossacks", guarding the colonel and the starshina. He was in charge of regimental music and was responsible for keeping the khorugv
Khorugv (russian: хоругвь, bg, хоругва, cu, хорѫгꙑ, uk, хоругва, pl, chorągiew, ro, prapur, fi, kirkkolippu, sometimes translated as ''gonfalon'')Historically, the Russian word ''khorugv'', as well as Polish ''ch ...
(regiment flag).
** () – secretaries at the ratusha
In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses ...
. One was in charge of military affairs, and the other of civilian affairs.
*Starshyna of Hundred (Sotenna) – headed by Sotnyk
**Sotenny otaman () – the deputy sotnik, implemented the duties of an obozni and a judge on a sotnia level
**Sotenny Osavul () – assistant sotnik in military affairs
**Sotenny Khorunzhy () – headed the sotnias flags
**Sotenny Scribe () – a secretary
*Junior Starshyna () – headed by Otaman
*Administration: ,
Later, sometime after the Khmelnytsky's Uprising, it was also associated with the Ukrainian nobility which derived out of the officership and the Hetman.
04. Polkovnik ukr polku.jpg, border, Polkovnyk
09. Sotnyk.jpg, border, Sotnyk
05. Pysar.jpg, border,
, border,
References
{{reflist
History of the Cossacks in Ukraine