''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' " crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of t ...

plants in the family Papaveraceae,

native Native may refer to: People * Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** Native Americans (disambiguation) In arts and entert ...

to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical eastern Africa. They are most diverse in China and the Himalayas, with at least 357 species in China.

Ecology

''Corydalis'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...

species (butterflies), especially the clouded Apollo.

Toxicity

''Corydalis cava'' and some other tuberous species contain the alkaloid bulbocapnine, which is occasionally used in medicine but scientific evidence is lacking in the correct dosages and side effects. Many of the species in ''Corydalis'' contain other toxins and alkaloids like

canadine (''S'')-Canadine, also known as (''S'')-tetrahydroberberine and xanthopuccine, is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA), of the protoberberine structural subgroup, and is present in many plants from the family Papaveraceae, such as '' Corydalis yan ...

, which blocks calcium. The species ''C. caseana'' is poisonous to livestock.

Taxonomy

Current species

There are about 470 species, including: * ''

Corydalis ambigua ''Corydalis ambigua'' is a tuberous early flowering east Asian flowering plant species in the poppy family Papaveraceae. Its exact native range is obscure due to taxonomic confusion. It is one of the sources of the drug tetrahydropalmatine. Che ...

'' * ''

Corydalis aurea ''Corydalis aurea'' (scrambled eggs, golden smoke, golden corydalis) is a flowering plant in the poppy family (Papaveraceae), native to North America. A winter annual, it can be found in such areas as the sagebrush steppe. The root is a branch ...

'' * ''

Corydalis buschii ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' "crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical easte ...

'' * ''

Corydalis bracteata ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' "crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical easte ...

'' * '' Corydalis cava'' * ''

Corydalis caseana ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' "crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical easte ...

'' * ''

Corydalis cheilanthifolia ''Corydalis cheilanthifolia'', the fern-leaved corydalis or fern-leaf corydalis, is a perennial growing from rhizomes, native to western and central China. Description Leaves are shaped like lipfern ('' Cheilanthes''), for which the plant is ...

'' – ferny corydalis * ''

Corydalis chelidoniifolia ''Corydalis chelidoniifolia'' is a flowering plant in the poppy family ''Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales ...

'' * '' Corydalis darwasica'' * ''

Corydalis elegans ''Corydalis elegans'' () is a species of plant in the family Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales, informally ...

'' * ''

Corydalis filistipes ''Corydalis filistipes'' is perennial flowering plant found only on Ulleung Island in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The grows to a height of and the tuber diameter ...

'' * ''

Corydalis flavula ''Corydalis flavula'' (yellow fumewort, yellow harlequin, fume-root, yellow fumitory; syn. ''Capnoides flavulum'' (Raf.) Kuntze, ''Fumaria flavula'' Raf.) is an herbaceous perennial plant native to the eastern United States. Its natural habita ...

'' * ''

Corydalis flexuosa ''Corydalis flexuosa'' is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Corydalis'', of the family Papaveraceae. It is a shade-loving perennial originating in woodland and mountainous areas of China. Growing to , in spring it produces masses of br ...

'' * ''

Corydalis heterocarpa ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' "crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical eastern ...

'' * ''

Corydalis incisa ''Corydalis incisa'', incised fumewort, is an annual or biennial herbaceous species of plant in the poppy family. It is also known as purple keman or murasa-kike-man. Some authorities report it in the family Fumariaceae. The wildflower is nat ...

'' * ''

Corydalis integra ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' "crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical eastern ...

'' * ''

Corydalis linstowiana ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' " crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical ea ...

'' * ''

Corydalis micrantha ''Corydalis micrantha'' is a species of flowering plant in the poppy family (Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranuncul ...

'' * ''

Corydalis nobilis ''Corydalis nobilis'', the Siberian corydalis, is a perennial plant native to Siberia, Xinjiang and Kazakhstan. It was introduced to Europe by Linnaeus, who had asked his friend Erich Laxmann for seeds of '' Lamprocapnos spectabilis'' (old-fashio ...

'' * ''

Corydalis ochotensis ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' " crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical ea ...

'' * ''

Corydalis omeiana ''Corydalis omeiana'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae, native to central Sichuan province of China. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-es ...

'' * ''

Corydalis orthoceras ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' " crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical ea ...

'' * ''

Corydalis palaestina ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' "crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical eastern ...

'' * ''

Corydalis pallida ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' "crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical eastern ...

'' * ''

Corydalis pauciflora ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' "crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical easter ...

'' * ''

Corydalis pauciovulata ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' "crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical easter ...

'' * ''

Corydalis rutifolia ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' "crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical eastern ...

'' * ''

Corydalis saxicola ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' "crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical easter ...

'' * ''

Corydalis scouleri ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' " crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical ea ...

'' * ''

Corydalis solida ''Corydalis solida'', fumewort or bird-in-a-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae, native to moist, shady habitats in northern Europe and Asia. Growing to , it is a spring ephemeral, with foliage that appears in sprin ...

'' – fumewort * ''

Corydalis vittae ''Corydalis'' (from Ancient Greek, Greek ''korydalís'' "crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual plant, annual and perennial plant, perennial herbaceous plant, herbaceous flowering plant, plants in the family (biology), family P ...

'' * ''

Corydalis wilsonii ''Corydalis'' (from Greek ''korydalís'' " crested lark") is a genus of about 470 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere and the high mountains of tropical ea ...

'' * ''

Corydalis yanhusuo ''Corydalis yanhusuo'' is a plant species in the genus ''Corydalis''. The Chinese name for ''Corydalis yanhusuo'' is ''yan hu suo'' (). The Japanese common name is engosaku (エンゴサク) and the Korean common name is hyeonhosaek (현호색). ...

'' Corydalis ambigua.jpg, ''Corydalis ambigua'' Corydalis aurea flowers1.jpg, Golden smoke (''Corydalis aurea'') Corydalis buschii - (kiurunkannus), (nunneört), Buschi lõokannus C IMG 7699.JPG, ''Corydalis buschii'' Corydalis bracteata 01.JPG, ''Corydalis bracteata'' Corydaliscaseana.jpg, ''Corydalis caseana'' Corydalis cava a1.jpg, ''Corydalis cava'' Corydalis-cheilanthifolia-habitus.jpg, Ferny corydalis (''Corydalis cheilanthifolia'') Corydalis chelidoniifolia-IMG 4187.jpg, ''Corydalis chelidoniifolia'' Corydalis flavula - Yellow Fumewort.jpg, ''Corydalis flavula'' Corydalis flexuosa 'China Blue' 4.JPG, ''Corydalis flexuosa'' Corydalis heterocarpa var japonica 01.jpg, ''Corydalis heterocarpa'' Corydalis integra.jpg, ''Corydalis integra'' Corydalis linstowiana.jpg, ''Corydalis linstowiana'' File:Corydalis nobilis.JPG, ''Corydalis nobilis'' Corydalis ochotensis 4.jpg, ''Corydalis ochotensis'' Corydalis orthoceras 070407a.JPG, ''Corydalis orthoceras'' Corydalis pallida var. tenuis 02.jpg, ''Corydalis pallida'' var. ''tenuis'' Corydalis pauciflora (6187015328).jpg, ''Corydalis pauciflora'' Corydalis pauciovulata 4.JPG, Seed pods of ''Corydalis pauciovulata'' File:Corydalis rutifolia 910421.jpg, ''Corydalis rutifolia'' Corydalis scouleri.jpg, ''Corydalis scouleri'' File:Corydalis solida 2 RF.jpg, ''Corydalis solida'' ბუჩქისძირა თეთრი Corydalis vittae weißer Lerchensporn.JPG, ''Corydalis vittae'' Corydalis wilsonii (Papaveracese) plant.jpg, ''Corydalis wilsonii''

Former species

Several former ''Corydalis'' have been moved to new genera: ; ''

Pseudofumaria ''Pseudofumaria'' is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants native to Europe, formerly included in the genus '' Corydalis''. There are two species: *'' Pseudofumaria alba'' (Mill.) Lidén ( syn. ''Corydalis ochroleuca'')northwest Balkans *'' P ...

'' * ''Corydalis lutea'' = ''

Pseudofumaria lutea ''Pseudofumaria lutea'' ( syn. ''Corydalis lutea''), the yellow corydalis or rock fumewort, is a short-lived perennial plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is native to the southern foothills of the south-western and central Alps of Italy ...

'' – yellow corydalis * ''Corydalis ochroleuca'' = ''

Pseudofumaria alba ''Pseudofumaria alba'' (pale corydalis or white corydalis) is a short-lived perennial plant in the family Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowerin ...

'' ; ''

Capnoides ''Capnoides sempervirens'', the harlequin corydalis, rock harlequin, pale corydalis or pink corydalis, is an annual or biennial plant native to rocky woodland and burned or disturbed places in northern North America. ''Capnoides sempervirens'' i ...

'' * ''Corydalis sempervirens'' = ''

Capnoides sempervirens ''Capnoides sempervirens'', the harlequin corydalis, rock harlequin, pale corydalis or pink corydalis, is an annual or biennial plant native to rocky woodland and burned or disturbed places in northern North America. ''Capnoides sempervirens'' i ...

References

External links

Medicinal plants Papaveraceae genera {{Ranunculales-stub