Cortlandt Skinner

Cortlandt Skinner (December 16, 1727 – March 15, 1799) was the last Royal Attorney General of New Jersey and a brigadier general in a Loyalist force, the New Jersey Volunteers, also known as Skinner's Greens, during the American Revolutionary War.

Before the Revolution

Cortlandt Skinner was born December 16, 1727, to a wealthy family in Perth Amboy in the British Province of New Jersey, the eldest son of the Reverend William Skinner and Elizabeth ''nee'' Cortland. His grandfather Stephanus Van Cortlandt had been the first native born mayor of New York. Skinner was of English, Dutch and possibly Scottish ancestry. There was a firm family tradition that William Skinner, later the Rector of St. Peter's Church in Perth Amboy, had participated in one of the Jacobite risings and was related to the chiefs of the Clan Gregor – changing his name from MacGregor to avoid the persecution inflicted upon all those of that name.

Skinner studied law at Newark while clerking for David Ogden, a member of the governor's council, and then began practising at Perth Amboy. At the age of twenty-seven, he was appointed Attorney General of New Jersey in 1754 and also acted as speaker of the provincial Assembly between 1765 and 1770 and between 1772 and 1776. Sources differ as to his conduct as Attorney-General, but his general reputation was one of integrity and ability.

Revolutionary War

Skinner was one of the three current and past speakers of the New Jersey colonial assembly who actively opposed American independence. At the outbreak of the hostilities in the American colonies, he was offered by the Patriot rebels the pick of all civilian and military posts. In January 1776, he fled after having received an intercepted letter authorizing his arrest by the Rebels.

As a prominent New Jersey Loyalist, Skinner accepted a commission, on September 4, 1776, as a brigadier general under the British Crown and was authorized to raise a Provincial corps, known as the New Jersey Volunteers or "Skinner's Greens". Three battalions were authorized, to consist of 2,500 soldiers. In the first months of trying to increase enlistments, the corps could only raise 1,000 men, but eventually, Skinner's Greens increased their ranks to 2,000 soldiers. Throughout the war, the New Jersey Volunteers mercilessly harassed their Patriot opponents in the Province of New York, from the defensive outposts of Long Island to Staten Island.

Skinner, for the duration of the war, was the leading civil and military authority over Staten Island.Sedgwick, Ellery and Leslie, Mrs. Frank. Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly, Volume 19, page 362. By the end of war in 1783, he was one of the three highest ranking Loyalist officers in the British Army.

His wife and family embarked for England in the summer of 1783, in the ''Le Solitaire'', and were forced into Halifax by stress of weather. He himself followed after the evacuation of New York City. His claim to compensation for his losses as a Loyalist was difficult to adjust and caused the Commissioners much labour, but an allowance was finally made. He also received the half-pay of a Brigadier-General during his life.

Personal life

In 1751, Cortlandt Skinner married Elizabeth Kearney, the daughter of Philip Kearney, of Perth Amboy, Province of New Jersey. They had many children, including:

* Cortlandt Skinner Jr., who held a commission in the British Army in 1782.
* Philip Kearney Skinner (died in London 1826), who was a Lt. General in the British Army.
* John Skinner (died 1832), who became a midshipman in the Royal Navy and, later, commanded a steam-packet between Holyhead and Dublin.
* Isabel Skinner (1765–1812), who married Dr. William Mackenzie Fraser (1754–1807) of Balnain, Scotland (grandparents of diplomat Hugh Fraser).
* Maria Skinner, who married Field-Marshall Sir George Nugent MP.

He died at Bristol, England, in 1799, aged seventy-one. He is buried in St. Augustine's Church, in Bristol.

References

Notes

Sources
* This entry incorporates text from Lorenzo Sabine's Biographical ''Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution'' (1843), a publication now in the public domain.
* Susan Burgess Shenstone, ''So Obstinately Loyal: James Moody, 1744–1809'' (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2000)
* W.D. Hoyle, ''The Macgregor Family'', in volume 8 of ''The Scottish Antiquary, or Northern Notes and Queries'' (Edinburgh, 1894)
*A.G.M. MacGregor, ''History of the Clan Gregor, Volume II'', (William Brown, 26 Princes Street, Edinburgh, 1901)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Skinner, Cortlandt
New Jersey Attorneys General
Loyalists in the American Revolution from New Jersey
Loyalist military personnel of the American Revolutionary War
American people of Dutch descent
American people of English descent
1727 births
1799 deaths
Members of the New Jersey General Assembly
Speakers of the New Jersey General Assembly
Politicians from Perth Amboy, New Jersey
American people of Scottish descent
Schuyler family
People of colonial New Jersey
18th-century American politicians