flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
s belonging to the
Asteroideae
Asteroideae is a subfamily of the plant family Asteraceae. It contains about 70% of the species of the family. It consists of several tribes, including Astereae, Calenduleae, Eupatorieae, Gnaphalieae, Heliantheae, Senecioneae and Tageteae. Aster ...
subfamily. It includes widely cultivated genera such as ''
Cosmos
The cosmos (, ) is another name for the Universe. Using the word ''cosmos'' implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity.
The cosmos, and understandings of the reasons for its existence and significance, are studied in ...
'' and ''
Dahlia
Dahlia (, ) is a genus of bushy, tuberous, herbaceous perennial plants native to Mexico and Central America. A member of the Asteraceae (former name: Compositae) family of dicotyledonous plants, its garden relatives thus include the sunflower, ...
''.
A similar group has been recognized since 1829, generally as part of the tribe
Heliantheae
The Heliantheae (sometimes called the sunflower tribe) are the third-largest tribe in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). With some 190 genera and nearly 2500 recognized species, only the tribes Senecioneae and Astereae are larger. The name is de ...
( Cassini, 1819). In the late 20th century, molecular studies caused a slightly redefined version of this group to be recognized as its own tribe, Coreopsideae. The larger version of Heliantheae was split into tribes including
Bahieae
Bahieae is a tribe of plants in the family Asteraceae, mostly native to North America and Mexico. It was described by Baldwin et al. in 2002.
Taxonomy
Bahieae genera recognized by the Global Compositae Database as of April 2022:
*'' Achyropappus ...
,
Chaenactideae
Chaenactideae is a tribe of flowering plants in the subfamily Asteroideae of the family Asteraceae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the or ...
, Coreopsideae,
Helenieae
Helenieae is a tribe of the plant family Asteraceae. The type genus is ''Helenium'', but the best known members of the tribe are the '' Gaillardia''. Helenieae are usually placed in their own tribe, but some authors include this and several other ...
and, finally,
Heliantheae
The Heliantheae (sometimes called the sunflower tribe) are the third-largest tribe in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). With some 190 genera and nearly 2500 recognized species, only the tribes Senecioneae and Astereae are larger. The name is de ...
(''sensu stricto''). Within the tribe, the traditional definition of genera based on flower and fruit characters does not reflect evolutionary relationships as inferred through
molecular phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
.
The tribe is characterized by shiny green
bracts
In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of ...
at the base of the flower head in two rows: an inner row of tightly spaced bracts and an outer row of a smaller number pointing downward. It includes five genera that use carbon fixation: '' Chrysanthellum'', '' Eryngiophyllum'', ''
Glossocardia
''Glossocardia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. It is native to Asia and Australia.Isostigma'', and '' Neuractis''. These genera are thought to share a common ancestor and thus a single origin of carbon fixation.
Genera
Coreopsideae genera recognized by the Global Compositae Database as of April 2022:
*''
Bidens
''Bidens'' is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae.''Bidens''. Flo ...
Coreopsis
''Coreopsis'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Common names include calliopsis and tickseed, a name shared with various other plants.
Description
These plants range from in height. The flowers are usually yellow with ...
''
*''
Cosmos
The cosmos (, ) is another name for the Universe. Using the word ''cosmos'' implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity.
The cosmos, and understandings of the reasons for its existence and significance, are studied in ...
''
*''
Cyathomone
''Cyathomone sodiroi'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, and the only member of the genus ''Cyathomone''. It is found only in Ecuador, where it lives in subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and it is threatened b ...
''
*''
Dahlia
Dahlia (, ) is a genus of bushy, tuberous, herbaceous perennial plants native to Mexico and Central America. A member of the Asteraceae (former name: Compositae) family of dicotyledonous plants, its garden relatives thus include the sunflower, ...
Ericentrodea
''Ericentrodea'' is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.
; Species
* '' Ericentrodea corazonensis'' (Hieron.) S.F.Blake & Sherff - Colombia, Ecuador
* '' Ericentrodea davidsmithii'' H.Rob. - Bolivia
* '' Ericent ...
Koehneola
''Koehneola'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. There is only one known species, ''Koehneola repens''.
It is native to Cuba.
The genus name of ''Koehneola'' is in honour of Bernhard Adalbert Emil Koehne
Bernhard A ...
Narvalina
''Narvalina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the dahlia tribe within the sunflower family.
Species
;SpeciesOparanthus''
*''
Petrobium
''Petrobium'' is a genus in the family Asteraceae.
The only known species is ''Petrobium arboreum'', called Saint Helena whitewood. It is found in the tree-fern thicket at the top of the central ridge of island of Saint Helena in the South Atlan ...
Thelesperma
''Thelesperma'' is a genus of North American and South American plants in the cosmos tribe within the sunflower family. Greenthread is a common name for plants in this genus.
Members of the genus are used by a number of the southwestern Native ...