''Coregonus'' is a diverse
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
fish
Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of li ...
in the salmon
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
(
Salmonidae). The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described
extant
Extant is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to:
* Extant hereditary titles
* Extant literature, surviving literature, such as ''Beowulf'', the oldest extant manuscript written in English
* Extant taxon, a taxon which is not extinct, ...
taxa, but the true number of species is a matter of debate. The
type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
of the genus is ''
Coregonus lavaretus
''Coregonus lavaretus'' is a species of freshwater whitefish, in the family Salmonidae. It is the type species of its genus ''Coregonus''.
There are widely different concepts about the delimitation of the species ''Coregonus lavaretus'' and abou ...
''.
Most ''Coregonus'' species inhabit lakes and rivers, and several species, including the
Arctic cisco (''C. autumnalis''), the
Bering cisco (''C. laurettae''), and the
least cisco (''C. sardinella'') are
anadromous
Fish migration is mass relocation by fish from one area or body of water to another. Many types of fish migrate on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annually or longer, and over distances ranging from a few metres to thousan ...
, moving between
salt water
Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly sodium chloride). On the United States Geological Survey (USGS) salinity scale, saline water is saltier than brackish water, ...
and
fresh water
Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include ...
.
Many whitefish species or
ecotype
In evolutionary ecology, an ecotype,Greek: ''οίκος'' = home and ''τύπος'' = type, coined by Göte Turesson in 1922 sometimes called ecospecies, describes a genetically distinct geographic variety, population, or race within a species, ...
s, especially from the
Great Lakes
The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five lakes ...
and the Alpine lakes of
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
, have gone
extinct
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...
over the past century or are
endangered
An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and inva ...
. Among 12 freshwater fish considered extinct in Europe, 6 are ''Coregonus''. All ''Coregonus'' species are protected under appendix III of the
Bern Convention.
Taxonomy
Phylogenetic evidence indicates that the most
basal member of the genus is the highly endangered
Atlantic whitefish
The Atlantic whitefish (''Coregonus huntsmani'') is a coregonine fish inhabiting some freshwater lakes within Nova Scotia, Canada. It is known to survive only in the Petite Rivière watershed as landlocked populations. Earlier it was also foun ...
(''C. huntsmani''), which is
endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...
to a single river basin in
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland".
Most of the population are native Eng ...
,
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
. The Atlantic whitefish is thought to have diverged from the rest of the genus during the mid-
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...
, about 15 million years ago.
The genus was previously subdivided into two subgenera ''Coregonus'' ("true whitefishes") and ''Leucichthys'' ("
ciscoes
The ciscoes (or ''ciscos'') are salmonid fish that differ from other members of the genus in having upper and lower jaws of approximately equal length and high gill raker counts. These species have been the focus of much study recently, as rese ...
"), ''Coregonus'' comprising taxa with sub-terminal mouth and usually a benthic feeding habit, ''Leucichthys'' those with terminal or supra-terminal mouth and usually a pelagic plankton-feeding habit. This classification is not natural however: based on
molecular data
In genetics and biochemistry, sequencing means to determine the primary structure (sometimes incorrectly called the primary sequence) of an unbranched biopolymer. Sequencing results in a symbolic linear depiction known as a sequence which succi ...
, ciscoes comprise two distinct lineages within the genus. Moreover, the genus ''
Stenodus
''Stenodus'' is a genus of large-sized whitefish in the family Salmonidae. It consists of two species; one of them (beloribitsa) is extinct in wild. The two species have alternatively been considered subspecies of the single species ''Stenodus l ...
'' is not phylogenetically distinct from ''Coregonus''; although ''Stenodus'' occupies a basal position within the genus, phylogenetic evidence indicates that ''C. huntsmani'' is even more basal than it.
Species diversity
There is much uncertainty and confusion in the classification of the many of species of this genus. Particularly, one extreme view of diversity recognises just two main species in Northern and Central Europe, the
common whitefish ''C. lavaretus'' and the
vendace ''C. albula'', whereas others would divide these into numerous, often narrowly distributed species. A drastic increase in number of recognized species occurred in 2007, when a review advocated that more than 50 local European populations should be considered as distinct based on
morphological differences.
It has been estimated that several of them are very young, having separated from each other less than 15,000 years ago.
Many of these were primarily defined based on number of
gill raker
Gill rakers in fish are bony or cartilaginous processes that project from the branchial arch (gill arch) and are involved with suspension feeding tiny prey. They are not to be confused with the gill filaments that compose the fleshy part of the ...
s. Although this largely is
hereditary
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic inform ...
, the number is highly variable (even within single populations and species), can change relatively fast in response to changes and
genetic studies have shown that they often are of limited use in predicting relationships among populations (a large difference in gill raker number does not necessarily equal a distant relationship).
Genetic differences between several of the recently proposed species, even ones that are relatively distinct morphologically, are very limited and sometimes they are not
monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
.
Various ''Coregonus'', whether regarded as separate species or not, readily interbreed with each other. A review of whitefish in the United Kingdom found that the
identification key provided in 2007 did not match most individuals and that solid evidence for more than one species in that region is lacking.
Many European lakes have more than one ''Coregonus''
morph
Morph may refer to:
Biology
* Morph (zoology), a visual or behavioral difference between organisms of distinct populations in a species
* Muller's morphs, a classification scheme for genetic mutations
* "-morph", a suffix commonly used in tax ...
differing in ecology and morphology (especially gill rakers).
Such morphs are sometimes partially
reproductively isolated from each other, leading to suggestions of recognizing them as separate but
clinal species.
The morphs or clinal species may rapidly disappear (in 15 years or less, equalling three ''Coregonus''
generations
A generation is "all of the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively."
Generation or generations may also refer to:
Science and technology
* Generation (particle physics), a division of the elementary particles
* Gen ...
) by merging into a single in response to changes in the habitat.
A similar pattern can be seen in North America where the
ciscoes
The ciscoes (or ''ciscos'') are salmonid fish that differ from other members of the genus in having upper and lower jaws of approximately equal length and high gill raker counts. These species have been the focus of much study recently, as rese ...
of the ''
Coregonus artedi''
complex in the
Great Lakes
The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five lakes ...
and elsewhere comprise several, often co-occurring morphs or ecotypes, whose taxonomic status remains controversial.
Species
In 2017,
FishBase
FishBase is a global species database of fish species (specifically finfish). It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web. listed 78 species, including the more than 50 proposed for Europe in 2007.
Some of these are recently extinct (marked with a dagger, "†") and ''C. reighardi'' is likely extinct.
* ''
Coregonus acrinasus
''Coregonus'' is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (Salmonidae). The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described extant taxa, but the true number of species is a matter of debate. The type ...
''
Oliver M. Selz, Carmela J. Dönz, Pascal Vonlanthen, Ole Seehausen, 2020
* ''
Coregonus albellus
''Coregonus albellus'', also called the autumn brienzlig, is a species of whitefish belonging to the family Salmonidae. It is endemic to Lakes Thun and Brienz in Switzerland's Interlaken region, where it is pelagic
The pelagic zone consists ...
''
Fatio, 1890 (autumn brienzlig)
* ''
Coregonus albula
''Coregonus albula'', known as the vendace or as the European cisco, is a species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. It is found in lakes in northern Europe, especially Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Russia and Estonia, and in ...
''
Linnaeus, 1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
(vendace)
*
†''
Coregonus alpenae
The longjaw cisco (''Coregonus alpenae'') was a deep-water cisco or chub, usually caught at depths of 100 metres () or more from Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Erie. Its Latin name was derived from Alpena, a city in Michigan. Silver colored and growi ...
''
( Koelz, 1924) (longjaw cisco)
* ''
Coregonus alpinus
''Coregonus alpinus'' is a species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. It is endemic to Lake Thun, in Switzerland's Interlaken region, where it is found in deep water. The maximum length recorded for this species is . It feeds on c ...
''
Fatio, 1885 (kropfer)
* ''
Coregonus anaulorum
''Coregonus anaulorum'' is a species of freshwater whitefish in the family (biology), family Salmonidae. It is found in the rivers and estuaries of Russia's Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and adjacent Koryakia of the Kamchatka Krai, especially the Ana ...
''
Chereshnev, 1996
* ''
Coregonus arenicolus
''Coregonus arenicolus'' is a freshwater fish of the family Salmonidae found in Lake Constance (Switzerland, Germany and Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Cen ...
''
Kottelat
Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, Switzerland[C ...](_blank)
, 1997
* ''
Coregonus artedi''
Lesueur, 1818 (northern cisco or lake herring)
![Cisco](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Cisco.jpg)
* ''
Coregonus atterensis''
Kottelat
Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, Switzerland[C ...](_blank)
, 1997
* ''
Coregonus austriacus''
C. C. Vogt, 1909
* ''
Coregonus autumnalis
Arctic cisco (''Coregonus autumnalis''), also known as omul russian: Омуль, is an anadromous species of freshwater whitefish that inhabits the Arctic parts of Siberia, Alaska and Canada. It has a close freshwater relative in several lakes of ...
''
( Pallas, 1776) (Arctic cisco)
* ''
Coregonus baerii
''Coregonus'' is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (biology), family (Salmonidae). The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described Extant taxon, extant taxa, but the true number of species ...
''
Kessler Kessler or Keßler (in German) may refer to:
* Kessler (automobile), an American automobile made 1921–1922
* Kessler (name), people named Kessler
* ''Kessler'' (TV series), a British television series from 1981
* Kessler, Ohio, an unincorporat ...
, 1864
* ''
Coregonus baicalensis
''Coregonus baicalensis'' is a species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. It is endemic to the Russian Federation's Lake Baikal where it is found on the bottom demersal. The maximum length recorded for this species is . The average ...
''
Dybowski, 1874
* ''
Coregonus baunti''
Mukhomediyarov, 1948
* ''
Coregonus bavaricus''
Hofer, 1909
* ''
Coregonus bezola''
Fatio, 1888 (bezoule)
* ''
Coregonus brienzii''
Oliver M. Selz, Carmela J. Dönz, Pascal Vonlanthen, Ole Seehausen, 2020
* ''
Coregonus candidus
''Coregonus'' is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (biology), family (Salmonidae). The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described Extant taxon, extant taxa, but the true number of species ...
''
Goll, 1883
* ''
Coregonus chadary
''Coregonus'' is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (Salmonidae). The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described extant taxa, but the true number of species is a matter of debate. The type ...
''
Dybowski, 1869 (Khadary whitefish)
* ''
Coregonus clupeaformis
The lake whitefish (''Coregonus clupeaformis'') is a species of freshwater whitefish from North America. Lake whitefish are found throughout much of Canada and parts of the northern United States, including all of the Great Lakes. The lake white ...
''
( Mitchill, 1818) (lake whitefish)
* ''
Coregonus clupeoides
The powan (''Coregonus clupeoides'') is a kind of freshwater whitefish endemic to two lochs in Scotland, Loch Lomond and Loch Eck.Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008''Coregonus clupeoides''.In:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.1. (Ac ...
''
Lacépède Lacepede can refer to:
* Bernard Germain de Lacépède (1756–1825), French naturalist and politician.
* Lacepede Bay, a bay in South Australia.
* Lacépède, Lot-et-Garonne, a ''commune'' in France
* Lacepede Islands, a group of four islands in t ...
, 1803 (powan)
* ''
Coregonus confusus
''Coregonus confusus'' is a freshwater whitefish from Switzerland. It is also known by its native Swiss German common name, spelled pfärrit, pfarrig, and pfärrig. It was described as ''Coregonus annectens confusus'' by Victor Fatio in 1885 from ...
''
Fatio, 1885
* ''
Coregonus danneri''
C. C. Vogt, 1908
* ''
Coregonus duplex''
Fatio, 1890
* ''
Coregonus fatioi''
Kottelat
Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, Switzerland[C ...](_blank)
, 1997
*
†''
Coregonus fera
''Coregonus fera'', commonly called the ''true fera'', is a presumed extinct freshwater fish from Lake Geneva in Switzerland and France.
Description
The fera is a species of freshwater whitefish that reached a length between 35 and 40 centime ...
''
Jurine, 1825 (fera)
* ''
Coregonus fontanae
''Coregonus fontanae'', also known as the Stechlin cisco, Fontane cisco, or Fontane's cisco, is a putative species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae endemic to the Großer Stechlinsee in northern Germany. It is believed to have rec ...
''
M. Schulz & Freyhof, 2003 (Stechlin cisco)
*
†''
Coregonus gutturosus
''Coregonus gutturosus'', the Lake Constance whitefish, is an extinct species of whitefish in the salmon family Salmonidae. It was formerly found only in deep areas of Lake Constance in the Alps.
Extinction
''Coregonus gutturosus'' was a deep ...
''
( C. C. Gmelin ( de), 1818)
* ''
Coregonus heglingus''
Schinz Schinz is a Swiss surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*Albert Schinz (1870–1943), Swiss-born U.S. editor and academic
*Hans Schinz (1858–1941), Swiss explorer and botanist
*Heinrich Rudolf Schinz
Heinrich Rudolf Schinz (30 March ...
, 1822
*
†''
Coregonus hiemalis
The gravenche (''Coregonus hiemalis''), also known as the Lake Geneva whitefish or the little fera, is a presumably extinct freshwater fish from Lake Geneva in Switzerland and France.
Description
The gravenche was a species of freshwater whitef ...
''
Jurine, 1825 (gravenche)
* ''
Coregonus hoferi
''Coregonus'' is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (biology), family (Salmonidae). The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described Extant taxon, extant taxa, but the true number of species ...
''
L. S. Berg, 1932
* ''
Coregonus holsata
''Coregonus'' is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (Salmonidae). The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described extant taxa, but the true number of species is a matter of debate. The type ...
''
Thienemann, 1916
![Coregonushoyi](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Coregonushoyi.jpg)
* ''
Coregonus hoyi
''Coregonus hoyi'', also known as the bloater, is a species or form of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. It is a silvery-coloured herring-like fish, long. It is found in most of the Great Lakes and in Lake Nipigon, and inhabits und ...
''
( Milner, 1874) (bloater)
* ''
Coregonus huntsmani
The Atlantic whitefish (''Coregonus huntsmani'') is a coregonine fish inhabiting some freshwater lakes within Nova Scotia, Canada. It is known to survive only in the Petite Rivière watershed as landlocked populations. Earlier it was also foun ...
''
W. B. Scott, 1987 (Atlantic whitefish)
*
†''
Coregonus johannae
The deepwater cisco (''Coregonus johannae'') was one of the largest Cisco (fish), ciscoes in the Great Lakes. Its average length was 30 cm (12 inches) and it was about 1.0 kilogram (2.2 pounds) in weight. Occurring only in Lakes Lake Huron, ...
''
( G. Wagner, 1910) (deepwater cisco)
* ''
Coregonus kiletz''
Michailovsky, 1903
* ''
Coregonus kiyi
The kiyi (''Coregonus kiyi'') is a species of freshwater whitefish, a deepwater cisco, endemic to the Great Lakes of North America. It previously inhabited Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron and Lake Ontario, but is now believed to persist ...
''
( Koelz, 1921) (kiyi)
* ''
Coregonus ladogae''
Pravdin, Golubev & Belyaeva, 1938
* ''
Coregonus laurettae''
T. H. Bean, 1881 (Bering cisco)
![Coregonus lavaretus maraena 1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Coregonus_lavaretus_maraena_1.jpg)
* ''
Coregonus lavaretus
''Coregonus lavaretus'' is a species of freshwater whitefish, in the family Salmonidae. It is the type species of its genus ''Coregonus''.
There are widely different concepts about the delimitation of the species ''Coregonus lavaretus'' and abou ...
''
Linnaeus, 1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
(common whitefish, European whitefish; lavaret)
* ''
Coregonus lucinensis
''Coregonus'' is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (biology), family (Salmonidae). The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described Extant taxon, extant taxa, but the true number of species ...
''
Thienemann, 1933
* ''
Coregonus lutokka
''Coregonus lutokka'' is a putative species of whitefish in the genus ''Coregonus''. It is native to Lake Onega and Lake Ladoga in Karelia, but it has been introduced to many other water bodies in Russia. It eats benthic larvae, molluscs and cru ...
''
Kottelat
Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, Switzerland[C ...](_blank)
, Bogutskaya & Freyhof, 2005
* ''
Coregonus macrophthalmus''
Nüsslin, 1882
* ''
Coregonus maraena''
(Bloch Bloch is a surname of German origin. Notable people with this surname include:
A–F
* (1859-1914), French rabbi
*Adele Bloch-Bauer (1881-1925), Austrian entrepreneur
*Albert Bloch (1882–1961), American painter
* (born 1972), German motor journal ...
, 1779) (maraena whitefish)
* ''
Coregonus maraenoides''
L. S. Berg, 1916
* ''
Coregonus maxillaris
''Coregonus maxillaris'' is a species of fish belonging to the family Salmonidae
Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish that constitutes the only currently extant family in the order Salmoniformes . It includes salmon (both Atlantic and Pa ...
''
Günther, 1866
* ''
Coregonus megalops
''Coregonus megalops'' is a putative species of whitefish, part of the '' Coregonus lavaretus'' complex (European whitefish). Its distribution is in Sweden, Finland and Russia.
In Sweden, the name ''C. megalops'' has referred to a form of whit ...
''
Widegren Widegren is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jennie Widegren (born 1973), Swedish dancer and choreographer
* Cecilia Widegren (born 1973), Swedish politician
* Pontus Widegren
Pontus Widegren (born 14 October 1990) i ...
, 1863 (lacustrine fluvial whitefish)
* ''
Coregonus migratorius''
( Georgi, 1775) (omul)
* ''
Coregonus muksun''
( Pallas, 1814) (muksun)
* ''
Coregonus nasus''
( Pallas, 1776) (broad whitefish)
![Coregonus nelsonii](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Coregonus_nelsonii.jpg)
* ''
Coregonus nelsonii''
T. H. Bean, 1884 (Alaska whitefish)
* ''
Coregonus nigripinnis
The blackfin cisco (''Coregonus nigripinnis'') was a North American salmonid fish in the freshwater whitefish sub-family Coregoninae. This silvery, deep-bodied fish with black fins, large eyes, a blunt snout and a terminal mouth, was one of the l ...
''
( Milner, 1874) (blackfin cisco)
* ''
Coregonus nilssoni
''Coregonus nilssoni'' is a putative species of whitefish, part of the ''Coregonus lavaretus'' complex (European whitefish). It is a pelagic fish feeding on zooplankton. Its distribution is in lakes of Sweden, southern Norway, Denmark and Poland ...
''
Valenciennes
Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.
It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a s ...
, 1848
* ''
Coregonus nipigon
''Coregonus'' is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (biology), family (Salmonidae). The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described Extant taxon, extant taxa, but the true number of species ...
''
( Koelz, 1925)
* ''
Coregonus nobilis''
Haack, 1882
*
†''
Coregonus oxyrinchus
The houting (''Coregonus oxyrhynchus'') is a European, allegedly extinct species of whitefish in the family Salmonidae. It is native to the estuaries and rivers draining to the North Sea. The houting is distinguishable from other ''Coregonus'' t ...
''
Linnaeus, 1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
(houting)
* ''
Coregonus palaea''
G. Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier was a major figure in nat ...
, 1829
* ''
Coregonus pallasii
''Coregonus pallasii'' is a putative species of whitefish in the family Salmonidae, part of the ''Coregonus lavaretus'' complex (European whitefish).
It is a lacustrine fish, indicated to live in large lakes of Sweden, Finland and Karelia (Russ ...
''
Valenciennes
Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.
It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a s ...
, 1848
* ''
Coregonus peled
The peled (''Coregonus peled''), also called the ''northern whitefish'', is a species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. It is found in northern Europe and Asia.
The peled is related to ciscoes of the ''Coregonus sardinella'' co ...
''
(J. F. Gmelin
, fields =
, workplaces = University of GöttingenUniversity of Tübingen
, alma_mater = University of Tübingen
, doctoral_advisor = Philipp Friedrich GmelinFerdinand Christoph Oetinger
, academic_advisors =
, doctora ...
, 1789) (peled)
* ''
Coregonus pennantii''
Valenciennes
Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.
It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a s ...
, 1848 (gwyniad)
![Coregonus pidschian cropped](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Coregonus_pidschian_cropped.jpg)
* ''
Coregonus pidschian''
(J. F. Gmelin
, fields =
, workplaces = University of GöttingenUniversity of Tübingen
, alma_mater = University of Tübingen
, doctoral_advisor = Philipp Friedrich GmelinFerdinand Christoph Oetinger
, academic_advisors =
, doctora ...
, 1789) (humpback whitefish)
* ''
Coregonus pollan
The pollan or Irish pollan (''Coregonus pollan'' or ''Coregonus autumnalis''
IFI Inland Fisheries Ireland (accessed 1 ...
''
W. Thompson, 1835 (Irish pollan)
* ''
Coregonus pravdinellus
''Coregonus'' is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (Salmonidae). The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described extant taxa, but the true number of species is a matter of debate. The type ...
''
Dulkeit, 1949
* ''
Coregonus profundus''
Oliver M. Selz, Carmela J. Dönz, Pascal Vonlanthen, Ole Seehausen, 2020
* ''
Coregonus reighardi
The shortnose cisco (''Coregonus reighardi'') is a North American freshwater whitefish in the salmon family Salmonidae. One of the members of the broader ''Coregonus artedi'' species complex of ciscoes, it is native to the Great Lakes of Canada ...
''
( Koelz, 1924) (shortnose cisco)
* ''
Coregonus renke''
( Schrank, 1783)
* ''
Coregonus restrictus
''Coregonus restrictus'' is an extinct freshwater fish from the family Salmonidae. It was originally discovered in Lake Morat, Switzerland, in 1885. In 2008 it was included on the IUCN Red List
The International Union for Conservation of N ...
''
Fatio, 1885
* ''
Coregonus sardinella''
Valenciennes
Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.
It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a s ...
, 1848 (Sardine cisco)
* ''
Coregonus steinmanni''
Oliver M. Selz, Carmela J. Dönz, Pascal Vonlanthen, Ole Seehausen, 2020
* ''
Coregonus stigmaticus''
Regan
The family name Regan, along with its cognates O'Regan, O Regan, Reagan, and O'Reagan, is an Anglicized form of the Irish surname Ó Riagáin or Ó Ríogáin, from Ua Riagáin. The meaning is likely to have originated in ancient Gaelic ''ri'' ...
, 1908 (schelly)
* ''
Coregonus subautumnalis''
Kaganowsky, 1932
* ''
Coregonus suidteri
''Coregonus'' is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (biology), family (Salmonidae). The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described Extant taxon, extant taxa, but the true number of species ...
''
Fatio, 1885
* ''
Coregonus trybomi
''Coregonus trybomi'' is a freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. It is a spring-spawning type of cisco, which probably has evolved from sympatric vendace (''Coregonus albula'') independently in a number of Swedish lakes. Only one of th ...
''
Svärdson ( sv), 1979
* ''
Coregonus tugun
''Coregonus tugun'', the tugun, is a species freshwater whitefish from rivers draining to the Arctic Ocean. It is one of the several species of Siberian whitefishes, with a distribution encompassing rivers from the Ob in the west to the Yana Riv ...
''
( Pallas, 1814)
* ''
Coregonus ussuriensis
The Amur whitefish (''Coregonus ussuriensis'') is a species of freshwater whitefish. It can withstand significant salinity levels. It reaches a maximum size of , with a maximum weight of . Its life expectancy is 10 to 11 years. The Amur whitefish ...
''
L. S. Berg, 1906 (Amur whitefish)
* ''
Coregonus vandesius
''Coregonus vandesius'', the vendace , is a freshwater whitefish found in the United Kingdom. Population surveys since the 1960s have revealed a steady decline and the fish is no longer present in some of its previous haunts but is still presen ...
''
J. Richardson, 1836 (vendace)
* ''
Coregonus vessicus''
Dryagin, 1932
* ''
Coregonus wartmanni
''Coregonus'' is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (Salmonidae). The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described extant taxa, but the true number of species is a matter of debate. The type ...
''
(Bloch Bloch is a surname of German origin. Notable people with this surname include:
A–F
* (1859-1914), French rabbi
*Adele Bloch-Bauer (1881-1925), Austrian entrepreneur
*Albert Bloch (1882–1961), American painter
* (born 1972), German motor journal ...
, 1784)
* ''
Coregonus widegreni
''Coregonus widegreni'', also called the Valaam whitefish, is a putative species of freshwater whitefish, a part of the common whitefish complex (''Coregonus lavaretus'' sensu lato) from Northern Europe. It is a demersal form of freshwater whit ...
''
Malmgren, 1863 (Valaam whitefish)
* ''
Coregonus zenithicus
The shortjaw cisco (''Coregonus zenithicus'') is a North-American freshwater whitefish in the salmon family. Adult fish range to about in length and are silver, tinged with green above and paler below. One of the members of the broader ''Coreg ...
''
( D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1909) (shortjaw cisco)
* ''
Coregonus zuerichensis
''Coregonus'' is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (Salmonidae). The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described extant taxa, but the true number of species is a matter of debate. The type ...
''
Nüsslin, 1882
* ''
Coregonus zugensis
''Coregonus'' is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (Salmonidae). The ''Coregonus'' species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described extant taxa, but the true number of species is a matter of debate. The type ...
''
Nüsslin, 1882
References
External links
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{{Authority control
Ray-finned fish genera
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus