Cordillera () is a department in
Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...
. The capital is the city of
Caacupé
Caacupé (; Guarani: ''Ka'akupe'', literally: "Behind the Mount") is a city and district in Paraguay. It is the capital of the department of Cordillera
A cordillera is an extensive chain and/or network system of mountain ranges, such as those ...
.
History
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries this area of the country was going through a serious crisis due to population bellicosity of the Indians from Chaco. The villagers from
Tobatí
Tobatí is a city in Tobatí District in the Cordillera Department, Paraguay. The population of the city is 9,688.Direccioón General de Estadística, Encuentras, y Censos. Censo Nacional de Población y Viviendas 2002.
History
Tobati was foun ...
located north of the river Pirapo then called, had to migrate south for the continue attacks by Mbaye-guaicurúes. The residents of
Altos and
Atyrá
Atyrá is one of the oldest cities of Paraguay, alongside Yaguarón, Villarrica, Encarnación, Pilar, San Lorenzo, Humaitá among others. Atyrá is 61 KM East from the country's capital, Asunción, located in the Altos Cordillera, as it is ...
created their current settlements in the territory of this department.
There were also some settler farmers who were scattered in existing territories
Arroyos y Esteros
Arroyos y Esteros (Spanish language, Spanish for ''Streams and Swamps'') is a Districts of Paraguay, district of the Cordillera Department, Paraguay.
Etymology
Its name describes exactly the real aspect of this place, which is surrounded by swam ...
,
1 de Marzo
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. I ...
,
Caraguatay and
Piribebuy
Piribebuy (in Guaraní, ''Pirĩvevúi'') is a town and district in the Cordillera Department of Paraguay. It is of spontaneous origin, though some attribute its founding to Martin Ledesma de Valderrama in 1636. Since its founding documents were bu ...
.
Towards the end of the eighteenth century these small towns were expanding, consolidating the villages located north of the department as
Arroyos y Esteros
Arroyos y Esteros (Spanish language, Spanish for ''Streams and Swamps'') is a Districts of Paraguay, district of the Cordillera Department, Paraguay.
Etymology
Its name describes exactly the real aspect of this place, which is surrounded by swam ...
Eusebio Ayala
Eusebio Ayala (August 14, 1875 – June 4, 1942) was an intellectual and statesman, and List of Presidents of Paraguay, President of Paraguay from 7 November 1921 to 12 April 1923 and again from 15 August 1932 to 17 February 1936. He was a member o ...
(then called town of San Roque).
Once the
Paraguayan War
The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance, was a South American war that lasted from 1864 to 1870. It was fought between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadlies ...
, began a process of founding of major towns and settlements driven by German immigrants during the government of
Bernardino Caballero
Juan Bernardino Caballero de Añasco y Melgarejo (20 May 1839, Ybycuí, Paraguay – 26 February 1912, Asunción) was a Paraguayan War veteran, the President of Paraguay from 1880 until 1886 and founder of the Colorado Party. He was the leadin ...
. Thus, in 1881 saw the founding of
San Bernardino
San Bernardino (; Spanish language, Spanish for Bernardino of Siena, "Saint Bernardino") is a city and county seat of San Bernardino County, California, United States. Located in the Inland Empire region of Southern California, the city had a ...
, a major tourist resort of Paraguay today
Already in the early twentieth century, in 1906, was organized legally the country dividing the territory into departments. Thus was created the department of Caraguatay, initial name of the department of Cordillera.
In the year 1945, by a decree Law No. 9484, the department received its present name: Cordillera. Finally in 1973, by Law No. 426 took place in a new territorial reorganization and country, at which consolidates the structure of the department with its current boundaries and districts.
Location
![Pirareta](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Pirareta.JPG)
Cordillera Region is located between parallels 24° 50′ and 25° 35′ south latitude and the meridian 56° 30′ and 57° 27′ west.
Limits
* To the north is bordered by
San Pedro Department
* To the south with
Paraguarí Department
Paraguarí (; Guaraní: Paraguari) is a ''departamento'' in Paraguay. At the 2002 census it had a population of 221,932.Central Department
Central () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is Areguá. With 2,243,792 inhabitants, it is the most populated and the smallest of the 17 departments of Paraguay.
Boundaries
*North: the departments of Cordillera and Presidente Hayes
*Wes ...
* To the east is bordered by
Caaguazú Department
Caaguazú () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of Coronel Oviedo.
History
In the 16th and 17th centuries, European settlers in the present-day department of Caaguazú were threatened by the Portuguese Bandeirant and Gua ...
* To the northwest it is divided by
Paraguay River
The Paraguay River (Río Paraguay in Spanish, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. It flows about from its headwaters in ...
from
Presidente Hayes Department
Presidente Hayes () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of Villa Hayes. The department was named after U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes, who awarded the territory to Paraguay while arbitrating a boundary dispute between Par ...
, located in the western region of the country.
Districts
The department is divided in 20 districts:
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Altos
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Arroyos y Esteros
Arroyos y Esteros (Spanish language, Spanish for ''Streams and Swamps'') is a Districts of Paraguay, district of the Cordillera Department, Paraguay.
Etymology
Its name describes exactly the real aspect of this place, which is surrounded by swam ...
#
Atyrá
Atyrá is one of the oldest cities of Paraguay, alongside Yaguarón, Villarrica, Encarnación, Pilar, San Lorenzo, Humaitá among others. Atyrá is 61 KM East from the country's capital, Asunción, located in the Altos Cordillera, as it is ...
#
Caacupé
Caacupé (; Guarani: ''Ka'akupe'', literally: "Behind the Mount") is a city and district in Paraguay. It is the capital of the department of Cordillera
A cordillera is an extensive chain and/or network system of mountain ranges, such as those ...
#
Caraguatay
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Emboscada
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Eusebio Ayala
Eusebio Ayala (August 14, 1875 – June 4, 1942) was an intellectual and statesman, and List of Presidents of Paraguay, President of Paraguay from 7 November 1921 to 12 April 1923 and again from 15 August 1932 to 17 February 1936. He was a member o ...
#
Isla Pucú
Isla Pucú is a small town and district in the Cordillera Department of Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in ...
#
Itacurubí de la Cordillera
Itacurubí de la Cordillera is a town in the Cordillera department of Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in So ...
#
Juan de Mena
Juan de Mena (1411–1456) was one of the most significant Spanish poets of the fifteenth century. He was highly regarded at the court of Juan II de Castilla, who appointed him ''veinticuatro'' (one of twenty-four aldermen) of Córdoba, ''sec ...
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Loma Grande
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Mbocayaty del Yhaguy
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Nueva Colombia
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Piribebuy
Piribebuy (in Guaraní, ''Pirĩvevúi'') is a town and district in the Cordillera Department of Paraguay. It is of spontaneous origin, though some attribute its founding to Martin Ledesma de Valderrama in 1636. Since its founding documents were bu ...
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1° de Marzo
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San Bernardino
San Bernardino (; Spanish language, Spanish for Bernardino of Siena, "Saint Bernardino") is a city and county seat of San Bernardino County, California, United States. Located in the Inland Empire region of Southern California, the city had a ...
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San José Obrero
San José Obrero is a district of the Cordillera Department, Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South Amer ...
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Santa Elena
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Tobatí
Tobatí is a city in Tobatí District in the Cordillera Department, Paraguay. The population of the city is 9,688.Direccioón General de Estadística, Encuentras, y Censos. Censo Nacional de Población y Viviendas 2002.
History
Tobati was foun ...
#
Valenzuela Valenzuela may refer to:
Places
* Valenzuela, Paraguay
* Valenzuela, Metro Manila, Philippines
* Valenzuela, Spain
* Valenzuela de Calatrava, Spain
* Valenzuela, Louisiana
Other uses
* Valenzuela (surname), including a list of people with the n ...
Capital
Its capital is the city of
Caacupé
Caacupé (; Guarani: ''Ka'akupe'', literally: "Behind the Mount") is a city and district in Paraguay. It is the capital of the department of Cordillera
A cordillera is an extensive chain and/or network system of mountain ranges, such as those ...
.
The capital was founded on April 4, 1770, by Carlos Murphy. Its area is 150 km
2 with a population of 35,324 inhabitants. It is 54 km distant from
Asunción
Asunción (, , , Guarani: Paraguay) is the capital and the largest city of Paraguay.
The city stands on the eastern bank of the Paraguay River, almost at the confluence of this river with the Pilcomayo River. The Paraguay River and the Bay of ...
and is considered the "spiritual capital" of Paraguay, where La Virgen de los Milagros of Caacupé is venerated at the Basilica (the special place for the Holy Mother), where people walk on pilgrimage every year more than 1.5 million faithful, 7 and December 8.
It is in the top of the Cordillera de Los Altos, obligatory stop for tourists.
Demography
![Trabajo de mami 071](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Trabajo_de_mami_071.jpg)
This department is divided into two distinct areas by presenting physical appearance. An area located to the northeast, where the terrain is presented rather flat with many estuaries suitable for the farm. The other, extended along the Cordillera de Los Altos, with flat surfaces and corrugated satisfactory for
agriculture
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to ...
.
Orography
The districts of Paraguarí, Altos and Emboscada are crisscrossed by the Cordillera de Los Altos, whose height reaches 200 metres. This ridge also crosses the districts of Piribebuy and Eusebio Ayala.
Its elevations are the most attractive hills Caacupé and Tobatí.
Hydrography
The
Paraguay River
The Paraguay River (Río Paraguay in Spanish, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. It flows about from its headwaters in ...
runs 33 km of this department. Many areas water tributaries, such as Manduvirá River, which crosses the peoples of Piribebuy and Valenzuela. The main tributary of the river Manduvirá is Tobatiry, called in its nascent: Yhaguy River.
Other major rivers are the Piribebuy, which rises in Pirayú and empties into the Paraguay River, and Salado born in Ypacaraí. These waters flowing through a rich vegetation and is forming along the way as the waterfalls of Piribebuy, Piraretá, Chololó and others.
In this department is the emblematic
Lake Ypacaraí
A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much larger ...
, which is formed by the waters of many streams that flow into it. It is approximately long, between 5 and 6 km wide, 300 meters deep and 90 km surface.
Climate
It is mild and dry. The average annual temperature is 22 °C. The maximum is reached 39 °C and the minimum drops to 3 °C. Rainfall totaling 1536 mm annually, with an average of 153 mm monthly, except June and August, that only reaches 80 mm.
Ways and media
![Frente de la Iglesia de Altos](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Frente_de_la_Iglesia_de_Altos.jpg)
The main route is called the Second Marshal José Félix Estigarribia that crosses northern department. It emerged branches and paved enripiados (road that consists of sand and small rocks). Route III “General Elizardo Aquino” crosses the department and joins it with
department Concepción. The Paraguay River is navigable in this area. The districts have airfields. It has radio stations in various locations such as private issuers AM Z.P. 28 Radio the Voice of the Cordillera, three FM stations, Radio Sol, Radio Serrania and Radio Caacupé.
In Caacupé operate several institutions, such as the Governorate of the Cordillera, City Hall, Comptroller General of the Republic, Court of First Instance, Banco Nacional de Fomento, COPACO SA, ANDE, Mail, Regional Hospital, oversight of primary and secondary schools, National University Three private universities, secondary schools, primary and secondary schools, several high schools, private institutes, Paraguayan Red Cross, Lions Club, and several more institutions.
Economy
The department Cordillera is primarily agricultural. It produces cotton, pineapple (pineapple), rice, sour orange, corn, sugarcane, banana, coffee, pepper, and strawberry, tangerine, peas, lemon and
kaa he`e. There is also a producer of tomato, carrot, grapefruit, lemon, peanuts and manioc.
It also stresses the poultry production nationally and on a smaller scale, are breeding cattle, pigs, sheep, horses and goats.
Education
The department has institutions providing education to students from the initial level, school education and basic education Media.
Tourism
Lake Ypacaraí
A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much larger ...
attracts tourists to the city of San Bernardino, the main centre of the country in summer. In Caacupé and
Piribebuy
Piribebuy (in Guaraní, ''Pirĩvevúi'') is a town and district in the Cordillera Department of Paraguay. It is of spontaneous origin, though some attribute its founding to Martin Ledesma de Valderrama in 1636. Since its founding documents were bu ...
are the streams of Ytú and Yhaguy Guazú, Amambay, Piraretá and Siete Caídas.
Other attractions include the Museum Hassler in San Bernardino, the site where the battle was fought in Acosta Ñu in Eusebio Ayala; the Basilica and the churches of Caacupé, Altos, Piribebuy,
Valenzuela Valenzuela may refer to:
Places
* Valenzuela, Paraguay
* Valenzuela, Metro Manila, Philippines
* Valenzuela, Spain
* Valenzuela de Calatrava, Spain
* Valenzuela, Louisiana
Other uses
* Valenzuela (surname), including a list of people with the n ...
and Atyrá that still retains its original Franciscan altarpiece.
The chain of hills of Altos presents ideal places to climb, the hill Caacupé, the Cristo Rey (Ecological Reserve declared educational) and the hill Cavajhu and Atyrá.
In
Tobatí
Tobatí is a city in Tobatí District in the Cordillera Department, Paraguay. The population of the city is 9,688.Direccioón General de Estadística, Encuentras, y Censos. Censo Nacional de Población y Viviendas 2002.
History
Tobati was foun ...
, the hill Tobatí is a geological formation dating from 400 to 500 million years ago. It has strange ways of rocks that have received names like Leon semi dormido (lion that almost asleep), Yvytu Silla, Gigantesco Batracio and others.
It also can be accessed at
Caraguatay, the place called Vapor Cué, site where the boats were abandoned by Paraguayans to avoid falling into the hands of the enemy during the
Paraguayan War
The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance, was a South American war that lasted from 1864 to 1870. It was fought between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadlies ...
.
The area produces a variety of handicraft products such as encaje ju (embroidery made by hand), ponchos sesenta listas (typical cloth worn in winter), embossing leather, wood and other work.
References
* Illustrated Geography of Paraguay. Arami. 2007
External links
Cordillera
{{Authority control
States and territories established in 1906
1906 establishments in Paraguay