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''Conus textile'', the textile cone or the cloth of gold cone is a venomous
Typical length of adults is about 9 cm to 10 cm (3.5 in to 3.9 in). The maximum shell length for this species is 15 cm (5.9 in). The color pattern of its shell resembles a
Cloth-of-Gold (Full Screen, Please)
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp
* Bruguière, M. 1792. ''Encyclopédie Méthodique ou par ordre de matières.'' Histoire naturelle des vers. Paris : Panckoucke Vol. 1 i-xviii, 757 pp. * Röding, P.F. 1798. ''Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa.'' Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp. * Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. 1810. ''Suite des espèces du genre Cône.'' Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 15: 263-286, 422-442 * Perry, G. 1811. ''Arcana, or The museum of natural history : containing the most recent discovered objects: embellished with coloured plates, and corresponding descriptions: with extracts relating to animals, and remarks of celebrated travellers; combining a general survey of nature''. London : James Stratford pl. XLIX-LXXXIV. * Swainson, W. 1840. ''A Treatise on Malacology or the Natural Classification of Shells and Shell-fish.'' London : Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans 419 pp. * Reeve, L.A. 1843. ''Monograph of the genus Conus''. pls 1-39 in Reeve, L.A. (ed.). Conchologica Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 1. * Kiener, L.C. 1845. ''Spécies général et Iconographie des coquilles vivantes, comprenant la collection du Muséum d'histoire Naturelle de Paris, la collection de Lamarck, celle du Prince Massena (appartenant maintenant a M. le Baron B. Delessert) et les découvertes récentes des voyageurs''. Paris : Rousseau et Baillière Vol. 2. * Gould, A.A. 1850. ''Shells collected by the United States Exploring Expedition under the command of Charles Wilkes''. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 3: 169-172 * Sowerby, G.B. 1857-1858. ''Monograph of the genus Conus''. 1-56, pls 1-24 in Thesaurus conchyliorum or monographs of genera of shells. London : Sowerby Vol. 3. * Sowerby, G.B. (3rd) 1882. ''Descriptions of new species of shells in the collection of Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill.'' Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882: 117-121 * Smith, E.A. 1891. ''On a collection of marine shells from Aden, with some remarks upon the relationship of the Molluscan Fauna of the Red Sea and the Mediterranean.'' Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891(3): 390-436 * Melvill, J.C. 1900. ''A revision of textile cones with description of C. cholmondeleyi n. sp.'' Journal of Conchology 9: 303-311 * Smith, E.A. 1903. ''Marine Mollusca.'' pp. 589–630, pls 35-36 in Gardiner, J.S. (ed). The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes. Being the account of work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900. Cambridge : University Press Vol * Dautzenberg, P. 1932. ''Mollusques testacés marins de Madagascar.'' Journal de Conchyliologie 76(1): 5-119, pl. * Dautzenberg, P. 1937. ''Gastéropodes marins. 3-Famille Conidae'; Résultats Scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Néerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. Le Prince et la Princesse Lé Belgique''. Mémoires du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 2(18): 284 pp, 3 pls * Fenaux 1943. ''Complément a l'étude de la faune malcologique de Paumotou.'' Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 835: 3 * Demond, J. 1957. ''Micronesian reef associated gastropods''. Pacific Science 11(3): 275-341, fig. 2, pl. 1 * Gillett, K. & McNeill, F. 1959. ''The Great Barrier Reef and Adjacent Isles: a comprehensive survey for visitor, naturalist and photographer''. Sydney : Coral Press 209 pp. * Wilson, B.R. & Gillett, K. 1971. ''Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters.'' Sydney : Reed Books 168 pp. * Hinton, A. 1972. ''Shells of New Guinea and the Central Indo-Pacific''. Milton : Jacaranda Press xviii 94 pp. * Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975. ''Coquillages de Polynésie.'' Tahiti : Papéete Les editions du pacifique, pp. 1–391. * Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. ''Tropical Pacific Marine Shells''. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls. * Kay, E.A. 1979. ''Hawaiian Marine Shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 4 : Mollusca.'' Honolulu, Hawaii : Bishop Museum Press Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication Vol. 64(4) 653 pp. * Motta, A.J. da 1983. ''Two new species of the genus Conus (Gastropoda: Conidae).'' Publicaçoes Ocasionais da Sociedade Portuguesa de Malacologia 2: 1-9 * Lauer, J. 1987. ''Tent marked cones; 4e partie.'' Rossiniana 36: 11-22 * Drivas, J. & M. Jay (1988). ''Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'île Maurice'' * Rossum, H.M. van 1990. ''A new cone from the coasts of Kenya (Indian Ocean) (Gastropoda: Conidae)''. La Conchiglia 22(250-252): 29-31 * Wilson, B. 1994. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods.'' Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp. * Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995. ''Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region.'' Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp. * Filmer R.M. (2001). ''A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 - 1998''. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp. * Branch, G.M. et al. (2002).'' Two Oceans''. 5th impression. David Philip, Cate Town & Johannesburg * Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). ''All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia''. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp * Tucker J.K. (2009). ''Recent cone species database''. September 4, 2009 Edition * Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009) ''Systematic classification of Recent and fossil conoidean gastropods''. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 296 pp * * Lorenz, F., 2012. ''A new subspecies of Conidae from Mauritius (Gastropoda).'' Schriften zur Malakozoologie 27: 21-24
Holotype of ''Conus textile vaulberti'' in MNHN, Paris
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q1507512
''Conus textile'', the textile cone or the cloth of gold cone is a venomous species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
of sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
, a marine gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
in the family Conidae
Conidae, with the current common name of "cone snails", is a taxonomic family (previously subfamily) of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Conoidea.
The 2014 classification of the superfamily Conoidea, groups onl ...
, the cone snails, cone shells or cones. Textile cone snails live mostly in the Indian Ocean, along the eastern coast of Africa and around Australia.
Like all species within the genus ''Conus'', these snails are predatory
Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill th ...
and venomous
Venom or zootoxin is a type of toxin produced by an animal that is actively delivered through a wound by means of a bite, sting, or similar action. The toxin is delivered through a specially evolved ''venom apparatus'', such as fangs or a sti ...
. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all. Based on a report in 2004, about 30 human deaths have been attributed to cone snails. In 2021, a teen nearly died after picking up a live textile cone.
List of synonyms
* ''Conus (Cylinder) textile'' Linnaeus, 1758 · accepted, alternate representation * ''Conus archiepiscopus'' Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 * ''Conus cholmondeleyi'' Melvill, 1900 * ''Conus communis'' Swainson, 1840 * ''Cylinder concatenatus'' Kiener, 1845 * ''Conus corbula'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1858 * ''Conus dilectus'' Gould, 1850 * ''Conus euetrios'' G. B. Sowerby III, 1882 * ''Conus eumitus'' Tomlin, 1926 * ''Conus panniculus'' Lamarck, 1810 * ''Conus reteaureum'' Perry, 1811 * ''Conus sirventi'' Fenaux, 1943 * ''Conus suzannae'' van Rossum, 1990 * ''Conus textile archiepiscopus'' Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 * ''Conus textile dahlakensis'' da Motta, 1982 * ''Conus textile'' var. ''euetrios'' G. B. Sowerby III * ''Conus textile'' var. ''loman'' Dautzenberg, 1937 * ''Conus textile'' var. ''ponderosa'' Dautzenberg, 1932 (invalid: junior homonym of ''Conus quercinus'' var. ''ponderosa'' G.B. Sowerby, 1858) * ''Conus textilinus'' ''Kiener, 1847'' (synonym of ''Conus textile archiepiscopus'') * ''Conus tigrinus'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1858 * ''Conus undulatus'' ightfoot 1786 * ''Conus verriculum'' Reeve, 1843 * ''Cucullus auratus'' Röding, 1798 * ''Cucullus auriger'' Röding, 1798 * ''Cucullus gloriamaris'' Röding, 1798 * ''Cylinder gloriamaris'' Perry, 1810 * ''Cylindrus panniculus'' Lamarck, 1810 * ''Cylindrus scriptus'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1858 * ''Cylindrus textile'' var. ''ponderosa'' Dautzenberg, 1932 * ''Cylindrus tigrinus'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1858 * ''Cylindrus verriculum'' Reeve, 1843 * ''Cylindrus aurelius'' Röding, 1798 * ''Cylindrus auriger'' Röding, 1798 * ''Cylindrus gloriamaris'' Röding, 1798 * ''Cylindrus textilis osullivani'' Iredale, 1931 * ''Cylindrus textilis'' * ''Cylinder textile'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Darioconus textilis'' * ''Darioconus textilis osullivani'' Iredale, 1931Subspecies
* ''Conus textile neovicarius'' da Motta, 1982 * ''Conus textile vaulberti'' Lorenz, 2012 (Mauritius) * ''Conus textile archiepiscopus'' Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 : synonym of ''Conus textile'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Conus textile dahlakensis'' da Motta, 1982 : synonym of ''Conus textile'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Conus textile'' var. ''abbreviata'' Dautzenberg, 1937: synonym of ''Conus ammiralis
''Conus ammiralis'', common name the admiral cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the genus ''Conus'', these snails are predatory and ve ...
'' Linnaeus, 1758
* ''Conus textile'' var. ''euetrios'' G. B. Sowerby III : synonym of ''Conus textile'' Linnaeus, 1758
* ''Conus textile'' var. ''loman'' Dautzenberg, 1937 : synonym of ''Conus textile'' Linnaeus, 1758
* ''Conus textile'' var. ''ponderosa'' Dautzenberg, 1932 : synonym of ''Conus textile'' Linnaeus, 1758
* ''Conus textile'' var. ''sulcata'' G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 : synonym of '' Conus retifer'' Menke, 1829
Shell description
Typical length of adults is about 9 cm to 10 cm (3.5 in to 3.9 in). The maximum shell length for this species is 15 cm (5.9 in). The color pattern of its shell resembles a cellular automaton
A cellular automaton (pl. cellular automata, abbrev. CA) is a discrete model of computation studied in automata theory. Cellular automata are also called cellular spaces, tessellation automata, homogeneous structures, cellular structures, tessel ...
named Rule 30
Rule 30 is an elementary cellular automaton introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983. Using Wolfram's classification scheme, Rule 30 is a Class III rule, displaying aperiodic, chaotic behaviour.
This rule is of particular interest because it pr ...
. The color of the shell is yellowish brown, with undulating longitudinal lines of chocolate, interrupted by triangular white spaces. These last are irregularly disposed, but crowded at the shoulder, base and middle so as to form bands. The spire
A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are ...
is similarly marked. The aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane.
An opt ...
is white.
Distribution
''C. textile'' lives in the waters of theRed Sea
The Red Sea ( ar, البحر الأحمر - بحر القلزم, translit=Modern: al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar, Medieval: Baḥr al-Qulzum; or ; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ ''Phiom Enhah'' or ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲓ ''Phiom ǹšari''; T ...
, the tropical Indo-Pacific
The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth.
In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...
, off Australia (New South Wales
)
, nickname =
, image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates:
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, es ...
, Northern Territory
The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory ...
, Queensland
)
, nickname = Sunshine State
, image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, established_ ...
and Western Australia
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...
), New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...
, the Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by th ...
from eastern Africa
East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa:
Due to the historica ...
to Hawaii
Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only stat ...
, and French Polynesia
)Territorial motto: ( en, "Great Tahiti of the Golden Haze")
, anthem =
, song_type = Regional anthem
, song = " Ia Ora 'O Tahiti Nui"
, image_map = French Polynesia on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg
, map_alt = Location of Frenc ...
.
Ecology
Life cycle
The female lays several hundred eggs at a time, which hatch after about 16 or 17 days. After hatching, the larvae float around in the current for approximately 16 days. Afterward, they settle at the bottom of the ocean. By this point their length is about 1.5 mm (0.06 in).Feeding habits
''C. textile'' is acarnivorous
A carnivore , or meat-eater (Latin, ''caro'', genitive ''carnis'', meaning meat or "flesh" and ''vorare'' meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose food and energy requirements derive from animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other sof ...
species, and uses a radula (a biological microscopic needle) to inject a conotoxin
A conotoxin is one of a group of neurotoxic peptides isolated from the venom of the marine cone snail, genus ''Conus''.
Conotoxins, which are peptides consisting of 10 to 30 amino acid residues, typically have one or more disulfide bonds. Cono ...
to kill its prey. ''C. textile'' eats snails
A snail is, in loose terms, a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name ''snail'' is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastro ...
. The proboscis
A proboscis () is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elong ...
, the tip of which holds the harpoon-like radular tooth, is capable of being extended to any part of its own shell. The living animal is a risk to any person handling it who has not taken proper care to protect exposed skin. Several human deaths have been attributed to this species.References
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp
* Bruguière, M. 1792. ''Encyclopédie Méthodique ou par ordre de matières.'' Histoire naturelle des vers. Paris : Panckoucke Vol. 1 i-xviii, 757 pp. * Röding, P.F. 1798. ''Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa.'' Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp. * Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. 1810. ''Suite des espèces du genre Cône.'' Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 15: 263-286, 422-442 * Perry, G. 1811. ''Arcana, or The museum of natural history : containing the most recent discovered objects: embellished with coloured plates, and corresponding descriptions: with extracts relating to animals, and remarks of celebrated travellers; combining a general survey of nature''. London : James Stratford pl. XLIX-LXXXIV. * Swainson, W. 1840. ''A Treatise on Malacology or the Natural Classification of Shells and Shell-fish.'' London : Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans 419 pp. * Reeve, L.A. 1843. ''Monograph of the genus Conus''. pls 1-39 in Reeve, L.A. (ed.). Conchologica Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 1. * Kiener, L.C. 1845. ''Spécies général et Iconographie des coquilles vivantes, comprenant la collection du Muséum d'histoire Naturelle de Paris, la collection de Lamarck, celle du Prince Massena (appartenant maintenant a M. le Baron B. Delessert) et les découvertes récentes des voyageurs''. Paris : Rousseau et Baillière Vol. 2. * Gould, A.A. 1850. ''Shells collected by the United States Exploring Expedition under the command of Charles Wilkes''. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 3: 169-172 * Sowerby, G.B. 1857-1858. ''Monograph of the genus Conus''. 1-56, pls 1-24 in Thesaurus conchyliorum or monographs of genera of shells. London : Sowerby Vol. 3. * Sowerby, G.B. (3rd) 1882. ''Descriptions of new species of shells in the collection of Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill.'' Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882: 117-121 * Smith, E.A. 1891. ''On a collection of marine shells from Aden, with some remarks upon the relationship of the Molluscan Fauna of the Red Sea and the Mediterranean.'' Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891(3): 390-436 * Melvill, J.C. 1900. ''A revision of textile cones with description of C. cholmondeleyi n. sp.'' Journal of Conchology 9: 303-311 * Smith, E.A. 1903. ''Marine Mollusca.'' pp. 589–630, pls 35-36 in Gardiner, J.S. (ed). The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes. Being the account of work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900. Cambridge : University Press Vol * Dautzenberg, P. 1932. ''Mollusques testacés marins de Madagascar.'' Journal de Conchyliologie 76(1): 5-119, pl. * Dautzenberg, P. 1937. ''Gastéropodes marins. 3-Famille Conidae'; Résultats Scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Néerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. Le Prince et la Princesse Lé Belgique''. Mémoires du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 2(18): 284 pp, 3 pls * Fenaux 1943. ''Complément a l'étude de la faune malcologique de Paumotou.'' Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 835: 3 * Demond, J. 1957. ''Micronesian reef associated gastropods''. Pacific Science 11(3): 275-341, fig. 2, pl. 1 * Gillett, K. & McNeill, F. 1959. ''The Great Barrier Reef and Adjacent Isles: a comprehensive survey for visitor, naturalist and photographer''. Sydney : Coral Press 209 pp. * Wilson, B.R. & Gillett, K. 1971. ''Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters.'' Sydney : Reed Books 168 pp. * Hinton, A. 1972. ''Shells of New Guinea and the Central Indo-Pacific''. Milton : Jacaranda Press xviii 94 pp. * Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975. ''Coquillages de Polynésie.'' Tahiti : Papéete Les editions du pacifique, pp. 1–391. * Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. ''Tropical Pacific Marine Shells''. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls. * Kay, E.A. 1979. ''Hawaiian Marine Shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 4 : Mollusca.'' Honolulu, Hawaii : Bishop Museum Press Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication Vol. 64(4) 653 pp. * Motta, A.J. da 1983. ''Two new species of the genus Conus (Gastropoda: Conidae).'' Publicaçoes Ocasionais da Sociedade Portuguesa de Malacologia 2: 1-9 * Lauer, J. 1987. ''Tent marked cones; 4e partie.'' Rossiniana 36: 11-22 * Drivas, J. & M. Jay (1988). ''Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'île Maurice'' * Rossum, H.M. van 1990. ''A new cone from the coasts of Kenya (Indian Ocean) (Gastropoda: Conidae)''. La Conchiglia 22(250-252): 29-31 * Wilson, B. 1994. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods.'' Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp. * Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995. ''Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region.'' Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp. * Filmer R.M. (2001). ''A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 - 1998''. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp. * Branch, G.M. et al. (2002).'' Two Oceans''. 5th impression. David Philip, Cate Town & Johannesburg * Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). ''All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia''. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp * Tucker J.K. (2009). ''Recent cone species database''. September 4, 2009 Edition * Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009) ''Systematic classification of Recent and fossil conoidean gastropods''. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 296 pp * * Lorenz, F., 2012. ''A new subspecies of Conidae from Mauritius (Gastropoda).'' Schriften zur Malakozoologie 27: 21-24
External links
* *Holotype of ''Conus textile vaulberti'' in MNHN, Paris
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q1507512
textile
Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the ...
Gastropods described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus