Controversial Subject

() are an English post-punk band. They have been active in various forms since 1979, with singer-songwriter Matt Johnson being the only constant band member. achieved critical acclaim and commercial success in the UK, with 15 chart singles (seven reaching the top 40), and their most successful album, '' Infected'' (1986), spent 30 weeks on the chart. They followed this with the top ten albums ''Mind Bomb'' (1989) and ''Dusk'' (1993).

History

Early years (1977–1981)

In November 1977, Matt Johnson placed an advertisement in ''NME'', asking for "Bass/lead guitarist into The Velvet Underground/Syd Barrett". Johnson later placed a second advertisement in the ''NME'', stating his new influences as "The Residents/Throbbing Gristle".

While trying to get his band going, in 1978 Johnson had recorded a demo solo album (''See Without Being Seen'') which he continued to sell at various underground gigs on cassettes. In 1979, working with Colin Lloyd-Tucker (a friend and colleague at De Wolfe Music, the Soho music publisher/recording studio) Johnson recorded his first album proper, ''Spirits''. This album remains unreleased, although the track "What Stanley Saw" was later licensed to Cherry Red Records for their ''Perspectives & Distortion'' compilation album, which also featured Virgin Prunes, Lemon Kittens, Thomas Leer, Kevin Coyne and Mark Perry.

made their debut at London's Africa Centre on 11 May 1979, third on the bill to Scritti Politti and PragVEC, using backing tape tracks that Johnson created at his day job at De Wolfe studios for the drums and bass. The band at this point consisted of Johnson on vocal, electric piano, guitar and tapes and Keith Laws on synthesiser and tapes. It was Keith Laws who suggested the name '' to Matt Johnson.

As was now getting underway, Johnson was simultaneously working with experimental synth-pop combo the Gadgets, a studio group he formed with Colin Lloyd Tucker, his colleague at De Wolfe recording studios.

Peter Ashworth, then known as 'Triash' and later to become a noted photographer, became drummer in 1980, and Tom Johnston (also managing at this point and later to become a cartoonist for the ''Evening Standard'', ''Daily Mirror'' and '' The Sun'' newspapers) was added on bass. Although both Ashworth and Johnston were credited with appearing on debut single ("Controversial Subject"/"Black and White") on 4AD Records, neither actually played on the recordings, which were produced by Wire members Bruce Gilbert and Graham Lewis. All instruments were played by Johnson and Laws. Johnston and Ashworth soon dropped out of and returned to their respective day jobs. As a duo (Johnson and Laws), began performing concerts with Wire, Cabaret Voltaire, DAF, This Heat, the Birthday Party and Scritti Politti.

In early 1981 also contributed the composition 'Untitled' to the Some Bizzare Album. In September of that year Johnson and Laws signed a deal with Some Bizzare Records and released the 7" single "Cold Spell Ahead". By this stage Matt Johnson had begun playing all the instruments himself so Laws left to pursue his studies, leaving Johnson as a solo artist using a group moniker.

Johnson was signed up later in 1981 to 4AD Records by Ivo Watts-Russell to record a solo album, '' Burning Blue Soul''. Although all of the instruments and vocals were performed by Johnson, the album featured various producers including Wire's Bruce Gilbert and Graham Lewis, Ivo and Johnson himself. Years later, owing to a request from Johnson, it would be re-issued and credited to so all of his albums would be in the same rack together.

Towards the end of 1981, Colin Lloyd-Tucker and Simon Fisher-Turner joined the band for a series of stripped down acoustic concerts in London.

Solo years (1982–1987)

Now freed from the politics of a permanent group line-up, Johnson was able to take up to the next level, and spent the next few years collaborating with a diverse range of creative individuals, freely changing personnel from project to project.

next single was a retooling of "Cold Spell Ahead", now entitled "Uncertain Smile". Produced in New York by Mike Thorne, it reached No. 68 UK. This version is different from the more familiar album version, and featured sax and flute by session player Crispin Cioe rather than (as on the album version) the piano of Squeeze's Jools Holland.

In 1982, the intended debut album by (''The Pornography of Despair'') was recorded, but was never officially mixed nor released. Johnson apparently ran off some cassette copies for friends, and several tracks ("Mental Healing Process", "Leap into The Wind", "Absolute Liberation") were subsequently issued as additional tracks on the "This Is the Day" single. "Three Orange Kisses from Kazan" and "Waitin' for the Upturn" (featuring Steve James Sherlock playing flute and saxophone) also date from this era, and appeared as B-sides. Some of the previously-mentioned cuts, along with the tracks "The Nature of Virtue" and "Fruit of the Heart" (which were similarly recorded around the same time), appeared as bonus selections on a cassette-only issue of the band's eventual debut album, but ''The Pornography of Despair'' album as a whole remains unissued.

Around 1982 played a series of four concerts at the Marque Club in Wardour Street, Soho, entitled 'An evening of Rock n Roll with '. These concerts were weekly for four weeks and featured Marc Almond on guitar and vocals.

released their official album debut, the synth-noir classic ''Soul Mining'', in 1983. It featured the minor UK No. 71 hit " This Is the Day", as well as a new recording of performing "Uncertain Smile". Produced by Johnson and Paul Hardiman, it featured guest appearances from Orange Juice's drummer Zeke Manyika, Jools Holland, Thomas Leer and J. G. Thirlwell (aka Foetus).

During more prolific period of releases, from ''Soul Mining'' (1983) to ''Dusk'' (1992), most artwork used on the albums and single releases was produced by Johnson's brother Andrew Johnson, using the pseudonym Andy Dog. The artwork has a distinctive style, and sometimes courted controversy, most notably the initial release of the 1986 single "Infected", which featured a masturbating devil and was withdrawn from sale and re-issued with an edited version of the same drawing.

For the 1986 album '' Infected'', still consisted only of Johnson, but was augmented by session musicians and featured friends such as Manyika and Rip Rig + Panic singer Neneh Cherry and Anna Domino. This album spawned four charting singles in the UK, notably "Heartland", which made the UK top 30. It was also unusual for having a full-length accompanying film. Costing hundreds of thousands of pounds, ''Infected: The Movie'' was shot on locations in Bolivia, Peru and New York. Different songs were directed by different directors, mainly Tim Pope and Peter 'Sleazy' Christopherson (of Throbbing Gristle).

Throughout 1986-1987 Johnson toured the world extensively with ''Infected: The Movie'', showing the film in cinemas in place of performing live concerts. The film was also shown twice in its entirety on Channel 4 in the UK and on MTV's 120 Minutes in the US.

In 1987 Johnson also took some tentative steps back into live performance. Whilst promoting ''Infected: The Movie'' in Australia he had a chance encounter with Billy Bragg, who persuaded him to return to Britain and support Red Wedge, a coalition of like-minded musicians supporting the British Labour Party in its election campaign. Johnson agreed and enrolled longtime friend and collaborator Manyika to join him in performing shows in London featuring stripped-down versions of political songs such as "Heartland". This experience convinced Johnson to put a band together once again.

Return to a full band (1988–2002)

By 1988, was an actual band again, Johnson having recruited ex- Smiths guitarist Johnny Marr, ex-Nick Lowe drummer David Palmer as fully-fledged members. This line-up, plus guest singer Sinéad O'Connor, recorded the album ''Mind Bomb'', which debuted at No. 4 in the UK Albums Chart and featured the band's highest charting single to that time, "The Beat(en) Generation", which peaked at No. 18 in the UK Singles Chart. The first single from ''Mind Bomb'' was actually scheduled to be "Armageddon Days Are Here (again) but with its chorus of "Islam is rising, the Christians mobilising" and sensitivities over the Salman Rushdie affair that had recently erupted, this song was deemed unsuitable for release by Epic/CBS.

Keyboardist D.C. Collard was added to the official line-up in 1989 (keyboard player Steve Hogarth, who'd played on '' Infected'', had initially been asked to join but opted instead to become the new lead vocalist of Marillion). The band embarked on a lengthy world tour in 1989–90 called '' Versus the World''. The live film of the same name, directed by Tim Pope, was filmed during the three nights performed at London's Royal Albert Hall at the end of the tour. Vocalist Melanie Redmond, who had just completed a world tour with Duran Duran, joined the tour during the European leg as a session musician.

The studio EP ''Shades of Blue'' was released in 1990. This included cover versions of Fred Neil's "Dolphins" and Duke Ellington's "Solitude" as well as a new original song "Jealous of Youth" and a live version of "Another Boy Drowning" from ''Burning Blue Soul''. This and a later EP of remixes, 1993's ''Dis-infected'', were compiled into a 1994 full-length album for the North American market called ''Solitude''.

In 1993, with Johnson, Marr, Collard, Eller and Palmer, Some Bizzare Records/Epic issued the album ''Dusk'', which debuted at No. 2 in the UK and spun off three top 40 singles in the UK, led by "Dogs of Lust". Another world tour followed, the ''Lonely Planet'' tour, at which point the band's line-up was reshuffled; Marr and Eller left, and were replaced by Atlanta-based guitarist Keith Joyner and New York bassist Jared Michael Nickerson after Johnson relocated the band to the U.S. Also added was Boston harmonica player Jim Fitting (formerly of Treat Her Right), who auditioned in New York in early 1993. Palmer bowed out partway through the tour and was replaced by ex-Stabbing Westward drummer Andy Kubiszewski. The band headlined the main stage at the 1993 Reading Festival.

Another full-length film, directed by longtime collaborator Tim Pope, was made for this album. ''From Dusk Til Dawn'' was shot in New Orleans and New York, and along with Johnson and Johnny Marr also featured various characters from the New York underground scene such as sexologist Annie Sprinkle, writer and raconteur Quentin Crisp, Guardian Angels founder Curtis Sliwa, and porn star Rick Savage amongst many carnival characters.

Now permanently relocated to New York, next project was 1995's '' Hanky Panky'', an album that consisted entirely of Hank Williams cover tunes. ''Hanky Panky'' was recorded by a new group consisting of Johnson, Collard, Fitting, ex Iggy Pop guitarist Eric Schermerhorn, ex David Bowie bass guitarist Gail Ann Dorsey (billed as "Hollywood" Dorsey), and drummer the "Reverend" Brian MacLeod. Their cover version of "I Saw the Light" hit No. 31 UK.Released by Some Bizzare Label / Epic

An experimental album called ''Gun Sluts'' was recorded in 1997, but left unreleased by the band after it was rejected for being too uncommercial by their label. severed their eighteen-year relationship with Sony and moved to Interscope, on Trent Reznor's Nothing Records imprint.

In 2000, , now consisting of Johnson, Schermerhorn, Nashville bassist Spencer Campbell and New Jersey drummer Earl Harvin, released ''NakedSelf'' and embarked on yet another lengthy world tour, the ''Naked Tour'', this one lasting 14 months. Not counting soundtrack albums, ''NakedSelf'' remains final released studio album to date.

This same line-up also recorded two new tracks, "Deep Down Truth", featuring Angela McCluskey on vocals and "Pillar Box Red". Both songs were produced by Clive Langer and Alan Winstanley for the 2002 compilation album '45 RPM: The Singles of The The''.

In June 2002 made a sole live appearance at the Meltdown Festival at London's Royal Festival Hall as guests of David Bowie. At this point, the band consisted solely of Johnson and longtime friend and collaborator J. G. Thirlwell aka Foetus on tapes and loops, and young film director on film and video.
This was the last live performance by for sixteen years; Johnson had stated on the official website in the FAQ section that "There are no plans for one-off shows or tours in the near future but there will undoubtedly be another tour at some point."

Hiatus (2003–2017)

Since 2003, the reclusive Johnson has kept well away from the public eye and has concentrated primarily on soundtrack work, scoring numerous documentaries, films and art installations. music has featured in a diverse range of cinema over many years, from cult classics such as Jürgen Muschalek's (Muscha) ''Decoder'' ("Three Orange Kisses From Kazan") and Gregg Araki's ''Nowhere'' ("Love is Stronger Than Death") to big-budget epics such as Sylvester Stallone's ''Judge Dredd'' ("Darkness Falls"), prompting Johnson's move into film soundtrack composition.

For English director Nichola Bruce it has included the documentary ''One Man Show: Dramatic Art of Steven Berkoff'' (1995) and a documentary feature film about the Apollo moon landings, ''Moonbug'', which was completed in autumn 2010 and won the Special Jury Remi Award for Theatrical Feature Documentary at the 2011 Houston International Film Festival. The soundtrack was released in 2012 as volume 2 in the series of original soundtrack albums produced through Johnson's Cineola imprint.

For Swedish filmmaker Johanna St Michaels this has included ''Best Wishes Bernhard'' (prize winning film of Dokumentär Films Premien Nordic Panorama 2003), ''Snapshots From Reality'' (Nominated for Best International Short at the Birds Eye View Film festival at London's ICA 2007) ''The Track'' (2007), ''Going Live'' (2008), ''The Island Amid the Worlds'' (2010) and ''Bilder av Dina'' (2010). The latest collaboration between Johnson and St Michaels, ''Penthouse North'' premiered at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in May 2014.

In June 2009 it was announced that had created an original soundtrack to the Gerard Johnson debut feature film ''Tony'', released February 2010 on Cineola imprint in March 2010, as the first volume of several forthcoming soundtrack and instrumental albums.

In May 2014, completed an original soundtrack for Gerard Johnson's subsequent film, ''Hyena''. Starring Peter Ferdinando, Stephen Graham and Neil Maskell. The album was released on 6 March 2015 as the third part in the Cinéola series.

''Je t'aime Infiniment'', a film co-directed by Lebanese filmmaker Corine Shawi and Danish director Nikolaj Bendix Skyum Larsen, was completed in 2010. The latest film collaboration between Johnson and Larsen is ''End of Season'' a Turkish film which premiered at the SALT (institution) in Istanbul in January 2014.

In May 2007 released a new download-only single on their web site. Entitled "Mrs. Mac", the track is an autobiographical song about Johnson's first day at school as a child in Stratford, East London. All instruments and vocals on the track were performed by Johnson.

A press release was issued along with this track, announcing a forthcoming album called ''The End of the Day'' with various songs from catalogue being performed by some of Johnson's favourite artists including Elysian Fields, J.G. Thirlwell, Thomas Leer, Elbow, Rob Ellis, John Parish, Anna Domino, Meja, Angela McCluskey, Ergo Phizmiz, "Rustin Man" aka Paul Webb among others. To date, the album remains a work in progress, although a preview can be heard at the band's official site.

Since 2009, "This Is the Day" has been extensively used in high-profile advertising campaigns for Levi's Dockers, M&M's and Amazon. It was used as the opening song for the movie ''I Feel Pretty'' (2018).

music continued to appear on British radio and television such as in Shane Meadows 2010 Channel 4 series ''This Is England '86'' and in 2013 in the award-winning British sit-com '' Fresh Meat''. In 2011 "This Is the Day" was covered by British band Manic Street Preachers.

Matt Johnson has created several new arms of :
* Cinéola; a label specifically created for soundtrack and spoken word releases and which are released as CDs within small, hardback books, complete with photographs and text.
* Radio Cinéola; a 15-minute 'shortwave radio' broadcast downloadable from the official web site and featuring previews of upcoming releases, works in progress, chats with collaborators and, from the vault, previously unheard material. The broadcasts are presented by Johnson and other guests. Shows have so far included contributions from, and collaborations with, musicians DJ Food, Deadly Avenger, Hayley Willis, Thomas Feiner, Angela McCluskey, Colin Lloyd Tucker plus poet John Tottenham, photographer Steve Pyke, the Kray Twins, Van Morrison, Bobby Moore, Clyde McPhatter, The Who, Daniel Farson, Terry Spinks and countless others.

In the spring of 2014, it was announced by Sony Music Entertainment that they plan to release a ''Soul Mining 30th Anniversary Deluxe Edition Boxset'' in the summer of 2014. The reissue was remastered by Matt Johnson at Abbey Road Studios.

HarperCollins imprint The Friday Project announced in the spring of 2014 that they would be publishing the first official biography of . Authored by Neil Fraser, it will apparently have the full cooperation of Matt Johnson.

Johnson told ''Uncut'' magazine in early 2015 that he was starting to write the first new vocal-based album since 2000's ''Nakedself''. This has not yet materialised.

Reformation and new material (2017–present)

For 2017's Record Store Day, after premiering the song on a Radio Cineola broadcast, released a new 7" record called "We Can't Stop What's Coming", collaborating once again with Johnny Marr. On 10 September, it was announced that Johnson would be touring as again for the first time in 17 years. Two dates were announced, in Denmark on 1 June 2018 and at Royal Albert Hall on 5 June 2018. The Royal Albert Hall tickets sold out, with two extra performances added at O2's Brixton Academy and The Troxy, both in London. Several more shows around the UK and Europe were subsequently added, as well as eight shows in the US. also played on 2 & 3 October 2018 in the Sydney Opera House.

The touring announcement came subsequent to announcing a new triple-vinyl limited-edition box set, Radio Cineola: Trilogy, to be released when they kick off their first gigs since 2002. Featuring three albums – ''The End of the Day'', ''The Inertia Variations'', and ''Midnight to Midnight'' – the triple box set package, available for pre-order from 6 October 2017, also came with 48-page bound book which included album lyrics and exclusive photos. ''The End of the Day'' contains interpretations of a selection of songs from singers across the globe and includes recent single "We Can't Stop What's Coming". ''The Inertia Variations'' features Johnson narrating John Tottenham's epic poetic cycle. "''Midnight To Midnight'' includes interviews and soundscapes taken from Johnson's 12-hour UK Election Day Radio Cineola shortwave broadcast plus the electronic score from ''The Inertia Variations'' documentary," said a spokesperson for the band, speaking to The Quietus.

In January 2021, the soundtrack to the 2019 film ''Muscle'', directed by Gerard Johnson, was released. The first track on this EP was "I Want 2 B U", a new song that was released as a 7" single for Record Store Day 2020.

On 29 October 2021, released ''The Comeback Special'' on Cinéola/earMUSIC, a live album recorded at the Royal Albert Hall gig in 2018. This album was released in a number of formats, including one release with an art book and a film of the performance.

Members

Current touring band members

On 18 May 2018, the band members for the live comeback were announced on the official Facebook page.

* Matt Johnsonvocals, guitars
* Barrie Cadoganlead guitar
* DC Collardkeyboards, melodica
* James Ellerbass guitar
* Earl Harvin

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