''Consolida'' is a
genus of about 40
species of
annual flowering plants in the
family Ranunculaceae,
native
Native may refer to:
People
* Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth
* Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory
** Native Americans (disambiguation)
In arts and entert ...
to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia.
Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested within the genus ''
Delphinium'' and it has been treated as a synonym of ''Delphinium'' in
Kew's
Plants of the World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...
.
''Consolida'' differs from other species of ''Delphinium'' (mostly perennials) in the
flower structure, with only one united petal, rather than the four separate petals (or more in cultivars) found in other delphiniums, and in the
fruit, which comprises a single follicle, instead of a cluster of 3~5 together.
It is a popular garden plant and
cut flower, grown from seed every year, with numerous
cultivars
A cultivar is a type of Horticulture, cultivated plant that people have selected for desired phenotypic trait, traits and when Plant propagation, propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and st ...
in shades of pink, blue, purple and white. In seed catalogues it is usually labelled as larkspur, a common name referring to the shape of the spurred
calyx
Calyx or calyce (plural "calyces"), from the Latin ''calix'' which itself comes from the Ancient Greek ''κάλυξ'' (''kálux'') meaning "husk" or "pod", may refer to:
Biology
* Calyx (anatomy), collective name for several cup-like structures ...
, with "delphinium" reserved for its perennial relatives.
Species
There are more than 50 species in ''Consolida'':
*''
Consolida aconiti'' (syn. ''Delphinium aconiti'')
*''
Consolida ajacis'' (syn. ''Consolida ambigua''; ''Consolida baluchistanica''; ''Delphinium ajacis'') — rocket larkspur: Europe, Cyprus, Turkey
*''
Consolida anthoroidea
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested with ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium anthoroideum'')
*''
Consolida arenaria'' (syn. ''Delphinium arenarium'')
*''
Consolida armeniaca'' (syn. ''Delphinium armeniacum'')
*''
Consolida aucheri'' (syn. ''Delphinium aucheri'')
*''
Consolida axilliflora'' (syn. ''Delphinium axilliflorum'')
*''
Consolida barbata'' (syn. ''Delphinium barbatum'')
*''
Consolida brevicornis'' (syn. ''Delphinium brevicorne'')
*''
Consolida camptocarpa'' (syn. ''Delphinium camptocarpum'') — Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan
*''
Consolida coelesyriaca'' (syn. ''Delphinium coelesyriacum'')
*''
Consolida cornuta'' (syn. ''Delphinium cornutum'')
*''
Consolida cruciata'' (syn. ''Delphinium cruciatum'')
*''
Consolida deserti-syriaci'' (syn. ''Delphinium deserti-syriaci'')
*''
Consolida flava'' (syn. ''Delphinium flavum'')
*''
Consolida glandulosa'' (syn. ''Delphinium glandulosum'')
*''
Consolida gombaultii'' (syn. ''Delphinium gombaultii'')
*''
Consolida hellespontica'' (syn. ''Delphinium hellesponticum'')
*''
Consolida hohenackeri'' (syn. ''Delphinium hohenackeri'')
*''
Consolida incana
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested with ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium incanum'')
*''
Consolida kabuliana
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested with ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium kabulianum'')
*''
Consolida kandaharica
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested with ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium kandaharicum'')
*''
Consolida leptocarpa'' (syn. ''Delphinium leptocarpum'')
*''
Consolida linarioides
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested with ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium linarioides'')
*''
Consolida lineolata
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested within the ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium lineolatum'')
*''
Consolida lorestanica
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested within the ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium lorestanicum'')
*''
Consolida mauritanica
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested with ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium mauritanicum'')
*''
Consolida oligantha'' (syn. ''Delphinium oliganthum'')
*''
Consolida oliveriana
''Consolida oliveriana'' is a plant species in the genus ''Consolida''. The plant is native to Iran, Iraq, and Turkey.
Uses
''Consolida oliveriana'' contains the flavonol chemical compound trifolin.Cytotoxic Activities of Flavonoid Glycoside Ace ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium oliverianum'') — Iran, Iraq, Turkey
*''
Consolida olopetala
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested with ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium olopetalum'')
*''
Consolida orientalis'' (syn. ''Delphinium hispanicum'') — eastern larkspur:
North Africa, Europe
*''
Consolida persica'' (syn. ''Consolida halophila''; ''Delphinium persicum'')
*''
Consolida phrygia'' (syn. ''Delphinium phrygium'')
*''
Consolida pubescens'' (syn. ''Delphinium pubescens'') — North Africa, Europe
*''
Consolida pusilla
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested with ...
'' (syn. ''Consolida pygmaea''; ''Delphinium pusillum'')
*''
Consolida raveyi'' (syn. ''Delphinium raveyi'')
*''
Consolida regalis
''Consolida regalis'', known as forking larkspur, rocket-larkspur, and field larkspur, is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the genus ''Consolida'' of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae).
Distribution
''Consolida regalis'' is native to: ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium consolida'') — field larkspur: Western Asia, Europe
**''C. r.'' subsp. ''divaricata'' (syn. ''Consolida divaricata'')
**''C. r.'' subsp. ''paniculata''
**''C. r.'' subsp. ''regalis''
*''
Consolida rugulosa
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested with ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium rugulosum'') —
Western Asia,
Central Asia
*''
Consolida saccata'' (syn. ''Delphinium saccatum'')
*''
Consolida samia
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested within the ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium samium'')
*''
Consolida schlagintweitii
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested with ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium schlagintweitii'')
*''
Consolida scleroclada'' (syn. ''Delphinium sclerocladum'')
*''
Consolida staminosa'' (syn. ''Delphinium staminosum'')
*''
Consolida stapfiana
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual plant, annual flowering plants in the family (biology), family Ranunculaceae, native plant, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetics, Phylogenetic studies show that ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium stapfianum'')
*''
Consolida stenocarpa'' (syn. ''Delphinium stenocarpum'')
*''
Consolida stocksiana'' (syn. ''Delphinium stocksianum'')
*''
Consolida sulphurea
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested within the ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium sulphureum'') — Turkey
*''
Consolida teheranica
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested with ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium teheranicum'')
*''
Consolida tenuissima'' (syn. ''Delphinium tenuissimum'')
*''
Consolida thirkeana'' (syn. ''Delphinium thirkeanum'')
*''
Consolida tomentosa'' (syn. ''Delphinium tomentosum'')
*''
Consolida trigonelloides'' (syn. ''Delphinium trigonelloides'')
*''
Consolida tuntasiana
''Consolida'' is a genus of about 40 species of annual flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to western Europe, the Mediterranean and Asia. Phylogenetic studies show that ''Consolida'' is actually an annual clade nested within the ...
'' (syn. ''Delphinium tuntasianum'')
*''
Consolida uechtritziana'' (syn. ''Delphinium uechtritzianum'')
Toxicity
All parts of the plant are toxic to humans, especially the seeds.
References
Jepson Manual Treatment
Delphinieae
Ranunculaceae genera
{{Ranunculales-stub