Conjugation or conjugate may refer to:
Linguistics
*
Grammatical conjugation
In linguistics, conjugation ( ) is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (alteration of form according to rules of grammar). For instance, the verb ''break'' can be conjugated to form the words ''break'' ...
, the modification of a verb from its basic form
*
Emotive conjugation or Russell's conjugation, the use of loaded language
Mathematics
*
Complex conjugation
In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. That is, if a and b are real numbers, then the complex conjugate of a + bi is a - ...
, the change of sign of the imaginary part of a complex number
*
Conjugate (square roots), the change of sign of a square root in an expression
*
Conjugate element (field theory)
In mathematics, in particular field theory, the conjugate elements or algebraic conjugates of an algebraic element , over a field extension , are the roots of the minimal polynomial of over . Conjugate elements are commonly called conjug ...
, a generalization of the preceding conjugations to roots of a polynomial of any degree
*
Conjugate transpose, the complex conjugate of the transpose of a matrix
*
Harmonic conjugate in complex analysis
*
Conjugate (graph theory), an alternative term for a line graph, i.e. a graph representing the edge adjacencies of another graph
*In group theory, various notions are called conjugation:
**
Inner automorphism, a type of conjugation homomorphism
**
Conjugacy class
In mathematics, especially group theory, two elements a and b of a group are conjugate if there is an element g in the group such that b = gag^. This is an equivalence relation whose equivalence classes are called conjugacy classes. In other ...
in group theory, related to matrix similarity in linear algebra
**
Conjugation (group theory), the image of an element under the conjugation homomorphisms
**
Conjugate closure
In group theory, the normal closure of a subset S of a group G is the smallest normal subgroup of G containing S.
Properties and description
Formally, if G is a group and S is a subset of G, the normal closure \operatorname_G(S) of S is the ...
, the image of a subgroup under the conjugation homomorphisms
*
Conjugate words in combinatorics; this operation on strings resembles conjugation in groups
*
Isogonal conjugate, in geometry
*
Conjugate gradient method, an algorithm for the numerical solution of particular systems of linear equations
*
Conjugate points, in differential geometry
*
Topological conjugation, which identifies equivalent dynamical systems
*
Convex conjugate, the ("dual") lower-semicontinuous convex function resulting from the Legendre–Fenchel transformation of a "primal" function
Probability and statistics
*
Conjugate prior, in Bayesian statistics, a family of probability distributions that contains a prior and the posterior distributions for a particular likelihood function (particularly for one-parameter exponential families)
* Conjugate pairing of probability distributions, in the Fourier-analytic theory of
characteristic functions and statistical mechanics
Science
*
Sexual conjugation, a type of isogamy in unicellular eukaryotes
*
Bacterial conjugation, a mechanism of exchange of genetic material between bacteria
*
Conjugate vaccine, in immunology
*
Conjugation (biochemistry), covalently linking a biomolecule with another molecule
*
Conjugate (acid-base theory), a system describing a conjugate acid-base pair
*
Conjugated system
In physical organic chemistry, a conjugated system is a system of connected p-orbitals with delocalized electrons in a molecule, which in general lowers the overall energy of the molecule and increases Chemical stability, stability. It is Reson ...
, a system of atoms covalently bonded with alternating single and multiple bonds
*
Conjugate variables (thermodynamics), pairs of variables that always change simultaneously
*
Conjugate quantities, observables that are linked by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle
*
Conjugate focal plane, in optics
*
Charge conjugation
In physics, charge conjugation is a transformation that switches all particles with their corresponding antiparticles, thus changing the sign of all charges: not only electric charge but also the charges relevant to other forces. The term C- ...
See also
*
Conjugal (disambiguation)
*
Conjoint
*
*
{{Disambiguation
Linguistics disambiguation pages
Mathematics disambiguation pages
Biology disambiguation pages