Coniston is a village and civil parish in the Furness region of Cumbria, England. In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 1,058, decreasing at the 2011 census to 928.

Historically History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...

part of Lancashire, it is in the southern part of the

Lake District National Park The Lake District National Park is a national park in North West England that includes all of the central Lake District, though the town of Kendal, some coastal areas, and the Lakeland Peninsulas are outside the park boundary. The area was desi ...

, between Coniston Water, the third longest lake in the Lake District, and Coniston Old Man. Coniston is northeast of Barrow-in-Furness, west of

Kendal Kendal, once Kirkby in Kendal or Kirkby Kendal, is a market town and civil parish in the South Lakeland district of Cumbria, England, south-east of Windermere and north of Lancaster. Historically in Westmorland, it lies within the dale of th ...

and north of Lancaster.

History

Coniston grew as both a farming village, and to serve local copper and slate mines.''The Story of Coniston'', 2nd edition, by Alastair Cameron and Elizabeth Brown, privately published, Coniston 2003. It grew in popularity as a tourist location during the Victorian era, thanks partially to the construction of a branch of the Furness Railway, which opened to passenger traffic in 1859 and terminated at Coniston railway station. The poet and

social critic Social criticism is a form of academic or journalistic criticism focusing on social issues in contemporary society, in particular with respect to perceived injustices and power relations in general. Social criticism of the Enlightenment The orig ...

John Ruskin also popularised the village, buying the mansion

Brantwood Brantwood is a historic house museum in Cumbria, England, overlooking Coniston Water. It has been the home of a number of prominent people. The house and grounds are administered by a charitable trust, the house being a museum dedicated to Jo ...

on the eastern side of Coniston Water in 1871. Before his death, he rejected the option to be buried in Westminster Abbey, instead being laid to rest in the churchyard of St Andrew's, Coniston.

Ruskin Museum The Ruskin Museum is a small local museum in Coniston, Cumbria, northern England. It was established in 1901 by W. G. Collingwood, an artist and antiquarian who had worked as secretary to art critic John Ruskin. The museum is both a memorial t ...

, established in 1901, is both a memorial to Ruskin and a local museum covering the history and heritage of Coniston Water and the

Lake District The Lake District, also known as the Lakes or Lakeland, is a mountainous region in North West England. A popular holiday destination, it is famous for its lakes, forests, and mountains (or ''fells''), and its associations with William Wordswor ...

. The philosopher

R.G. Collingwood Robin George Collingwood (; 22 February 1889 – 9 January 1943) was an English philosopher, historian and archaeologist. He is best known for his philosophical works, including ''The Principles of Art'' (1938) and the posthumously published ...

is buried in Coniston. The painter

Henry Robinson Hall Henry Robinson Hall (1859–1927) was a Victorian and Edwardian landscape painter in oils and watercolours noted for his Highland cattle. Life Hall was born to Eliza Robinson in the City of York in 1859 and died on 31 May 1927 at Barrow-in- ...

lived and worked and was buried in Coniston. Donald Campbell added to the profile of the village and lake when he broke four World Water Speed Records on the lake in the 1950s. He died attempting to break the world water speed record for the eighth time in 1967, when his jet boat, " Bluebird K7", crashed at , having already set the record for the seventh time at

Dumbleyung Lake Dumbleyung Lake, also widely known as Lake Dumbleyung, is a salt lake (geography), salt lake in the Great Southern (Western Australia), Great Southern region of Western Australia. The lake has a length of and a width of ; it covers a total area ...

, Western Australia in 1964. His body and boat ('' Bluebird K7'') were discovered and recovered by divers in 2001 and he was buried in the new graveyard in Coniston in September 2001. A new wing has been built at the Ruskin Museum to accommodate the fully restored Bluebird K7 boat. It opened in late 2009 with the K7 due to arrive in late 2011 or early 2012. The whole village was powered by hydroelectricity during the 1920s but this became so heavily taxed that the people there were forced to return to the national grid. Since 7 March 2007 a hydro-electric scheme has been in use to power up to 300 homes; being sited near the original.

Etymology

Coniston was called "''Coningeston''" in the 12th century, a name derived from ''konungr'', the Old Norse for king, and ''tūn'' the Old English for farmstead or village. This would give the village the title of "The king's estate". Ekwall speculated that this town could have been the centre of a 'small Scandinavian mountain kingdom'.

Geography

Coniston is located on the western shore of the northern end of Coniston Water. It sits at the mouth of Coppermines Valley and Yewdale Beck, which descend from the Coniston Fells, historically the location of ore and slate mining. Coniston's location thus developed as a farming village and transport hub, serving these areas. Coniston was situated in the very north-west of the historic county of Lancashire, with Coniston Old Man forming the county's highest point.

Governance

Coniston is part of the

Westmorland and Lonsdale Westmorland (, formerly also spelt ''Westmoreland'';R. Wilkinson The British Isles, Sheet The British IslesVision of Britain/ref> is a historic county in North West England spanning the southern Lake District and the northern Dales. It had an ...

parliamentary constituency, of which Tim Farron is the current MP representing the Liberal Democrats. Before Brexit, it was in the

North West England North West England is one of nine official regions of England and consists of the ceremonial counties of England, administrative counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside. The North West had a population of ...

European Parliamentary Constituency. For Local Government purposes, it is in the ''Coniston and Crake Valley Ward'' of

South Lakeland District Council South is one of the cardinal directions or compass points. The direction is the opposite of north and is perpendicular to both east and west. Etymology The word ''south'' comes from Old English ''sūþ'', from earlier Proto-Germanic ''*sunþaz' ...

. The total population of this ward as taken at the 2011 Census was 1,575. It belongs to the ''Broughton + Coniston Division'' of Cumbria County Council. The village also has its own Parish Council; ''Coniston Parish Council''.

Leisure and tourism

The creation of the Lake District National Park in 1951 provided a boost to tourism, with attractions such as the

and ferry services across the lake developing. Coniston is a popular spot for

hill-walking Walking is one of the most popular outdoor recreational activities in the United Kingdom, and within England and Wales there is a comprehensive network of rights of way that permits access to the countryside. Furthermore, access to much uncultiv ...

and

rock-climbing Rock climbing is a sport in which participants climb up, across, or down natural rock formations. The goal is to reach the summit of a formation or the endpoint of a usually pre-defined route without falling. Rock climbing is a physically and ...

; there are fine walks to be had on the nearby Furness Fells and Grizedale Forest, and some of the finest rock in the Lake District on the eastern face of Dow Crag, from the village. The Grizedale Stages rally also takes place in Coniston, using the surrounding Grizedale and Broughton Moor (or Postlethwaite Allotment) forests. The village is also home to a number of hotels and two youth hostels, one at the edge of the village, the other in the nearby Coppermines Valley. The village also has a football team, Coniston AFC, who play their home games at Coniston sports and social centre.

Climate

As with the rest of the British Isles, Coniston experiences a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. Rainfall is high, at not much under 2000mm a year. Temperature extremes have ranged from during February 1986, to during August 1990. The nearest Met Office weather station is Grizedale, around 2.5 miles to the South East.

Mining and minerals

Two slate quarries still operate at Coniston, one in Coppermines Valley, the other at Brossen Stone on the east side of the Coniston Old Man. Both work Coniston's volcanic slates, being blue at Low-Brandy Crag in Coppermines Valley, and light green at Brossen Stone (bursting stone). The scenery around Coniston derives from

Coniston Limestone The Dent Group is a group of Upper Ordovician sedimentary and volcanic rocks in north-west England. It is the lowermost part of the Windermere Supergroup, which was deposited in the foreland basin formed during the collision between Laurentia and ...

and rocks of the Borrowdale Volcanic Group.

Services

Coniston is also an important local centre, with a secondary school ( John Ruskin School), primary school (Coniston Church of England Primary School), bank, petrol station and other such services. It has also repeatedly been highly placed in the

Village of the Year The Calor Village of the Year comprised 4 annual competitions organised by Liquified petroleum gas, gas provider Calor Gas, Calor to identify the villages that best met the following criteria: "a well-balanced, pro-active, caring community which ...

award, winning it in 1997.

Twinning

The village is twinned with Illiers-Combray. The French village is associated with

Marcel Proust Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust (; ; 10 July 1871 – 18 November 1922) was a French novelist, critic, and essayist who wrote the monumental novel ''In Search of Lost Time'' (''À la recherche du temps perdu''; with the previous Eng ...

for whom Ruskin's work was a source of inspiration.

Gallery

File:StAndrewsConRH.jpg, St Andrew's Church File:YewdaleRH.jpg, Yewdale Hotel File:BlackBullRH.jpg, Black Bull File:ConistonStreamRH.JPG, Church Beck File:FarmConnistonRH.JPG, Farmstead near Coniston File:Tarn Howes Cottage.JPG, Tarn Hows Cottage File:ConWaterRH.jpg, View over Coniston Water File:YewTreeRH.jpg, Yew Tree Farm File:ShelterConRH.jpg, Old Dog House File:Coniston from Old Man.jpg, Village from Old Man

References

External links

Coniston Community Website

Coniston Mountain Rescue Team

Coniston Webcam
– A view of Coniston village.
Lakelandcam
daily walkabout photos centered on Coniston and environs
Cumbria County History Trust: Church Coniston
(nb: provisional research only - see Talk page)
Cumbria County History Trust: Hawkshead and Monk Coniston with Skelwith
(nb: provisional research only – see Talk page) {{authority control Villages in Cumbria Furness Civil parishes in Cumbria