The ''Coniochaeta'' are a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
pleomorphic yeast
Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom. The first yeast originated hundreds of millions of years ago, and at least 1,500 species are currently recognized. They are estimated to constitut ...
s of the order ''
Coniochaetales
The Coniochaetales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. This order is monotypic and contains a single family, the Coniochaetaceae, historically placed in the order Sordariales. However, this taxonomic placement has been challe ...
'' and are
pathogen
In biology, a pathogen ( el, πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ ...
s of
tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...
s. Some species have also been found to form
endophytic
An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease. Endophytes are ubiquitous and have been found in all species of plants studied to date; h ...
associations within plants in which they live inside plant tissues but do not actually harm the
organism
In biology, an organism () is any living system that functions as an individual entity. All organisms are composed of cells (cell theory). Organisms are classified by taxonomy into groups such as multicellular animals, plants, and ...
. They can take the form of pink to brown
colonies
In modern parlance, a colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule. Though dominated by the foreign colonizers, colonies remain separate from the administration of the original country of the colonizers, the '' metropolitan state'' ...
,
hypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium.
Structure
A hypha consists of one or ...
e,
conidiophores or
sclerotia. In 2013, the ''Lecythophora'' were merged with the ''Coniochaeta'', following suggestions by
Ziauddin Khan The name Ziauddin is a common transliteration of the male Muslim given name more correctly written Ḍiya ad-Dīn ( ar, ضياء الدين). It means the “Shine of the Religion” It may refer to:
*Diya al-din Abu al-Najib al-Suhrawardi, (1097 ...
''et al''.
Ecology
The ''Coniochaeta'' have been described as typically associated with wood, water, and soil. However, there is also growing evidence of specialised associations between each species and specific environments, and a suggestion that 4-
spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, f ...
d and 8-spored species interact differently with their environments, some species surviving
forest fires, which activate their sexual cycle.
[''Coniochaeta extramundana'', with a Synopsis of Other ''Coniochaeta'' Species. D. P. Mahoney and J. S. LaFavre
Mycologia Vol. 73, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 1981), pp. 931-952]
Medical Issues
Other members of the ''Coniochaeta,'' most commonly ''
Coniochaeta polymorpha'', can cause clinical infections in
immunocompromised individuals,
[ which has increased recent interest in the genus.
]
Species
As accepted by Species Fungorum;Coniochaeta arxii
The ''Coniochaeta'' are a genus of pleomorphic yeasts of the order ''Coniochaetales'' and are pathogens of trees. Some species have also been found to form endophytic associations within plants in which they live inside plant tissues but do not ...
''
* ''Coniochaeta baysunika
The ''Coniochaeta'' are a genus of pleomorphic yeasts of the order ''Coniochaetales'' and are pathogens of trees. Some species have also been found to form endophytic associations within plants in which they live inside plant tissues but do not ...
''
* ''Coniochaeta boothii
The ''Coniochaeta'' are a genus of pleomorphic yeasts of the order ''Coniochaetales'' and are pathogens of trees. Some species have also been found to form endophytic associations within plants in which they live inside plant tissues but do not ...
''
* ''Coniochaeta burtii
The ''Coniochaeta'' are a genus of pleomorphic yeasts of the order ''Coniochaetales'' and are pathogens of trees. Some species have also been found to form endophytic associations within plants in which they live inside plant tissues but do not ...
''
* ''Coniochaeta caffra
The ''Coniochaeta'' are a genus of pleomorphic yeasts of the order ''Coniochaetales'' and are pathogens of trees. Some species have also been found to form endophytic associations within plants in which they live inside plant tissues but do not ...
''
* ''Coniochaeta calligoni
The ''Coniochaeta'' are a genus of pleomorphism (cytology), pleomorphic yeasts of the order ''Coniochaetales'' and are pathogens of trees. Some species have also been found to form Endophyte, endophytic associations within plants in which they li ...
''
* '' Coniochaeta caryotae''
* '' Coniochaeta cateniformis''
* '' Coniochaeta cephalothecoides''
* '' Coniochaeta cipronana''
* '' Coniochaeta coluteae''
* '' Coniochaeta cruciata''
* '' Coniochaeta cymbiformispora''
* '' Coniochaeta cypraeispora''
* '' Coniochaeta dakotensis''
* '' Coniochaeta deborreae''
* '' Coniochaeta decumbens''
* '' Coniochaeta dendrobiicola''
* '' Coniochaeta detonsa''
* '' Coniochaeta discoidea''
* '' Coniochaeta discospora''
* '' Coniochaeta dumosa''
* '' Coniochaeta elegans''
* '' Coniochaeta ellipsoidea''
* '' Coniochaeta emodensis''
* '' Coniochaeta endophytica''
* '' Coniochaeta euphorbiae''
* '' Coniochaeta extramundana''
* '' Coniochaeta fasciculata''
* '' Coniochaeta fibrosae''
* '' Coniochaeta fodinicola''
* '' Coniochaeta geophila''
* '' Coniochaeta gigantospora''
* '' Coniochaeta gymnosporiae''
* '' Coniochaeta haloxyli''
* '' Coniochaeta hansenii''
* '' Coniochaeta hericium''
* ''Coniochaeta hoffmannii
''Coniochaeta hoffmannii'', also known as ''Lecythophora hoffmannii'', is an ascomycete fungus that grows commonly in soil. It has also been categorized as a soft-rot fungus capable of bringing the surface layer of timber into a state of decay, ...
''
* '' Coniochaeta iranica''
* '' Coniochaeta krabiensis''
* '' Coniochaeta leucoplaca''
* '' Coniochaeta ligniaria''
* '' Coniochaeta lignicola''
* '' Coniochaeta lutea''
* '' Coniochaeta luteorubra''
* '' Coniochaeta luteoviridis''
* '' Coniochaeta magniquadrispora''
* '' Coniochaeta malacotricha''
* '' Coniochaeta marina''
* '' Coniochaeta microspora''
* '' Coniochaeta mirabilis''
* '' Coniochaeta mongoliae''
* '' Coniochaeta montana''
* '' Coniochaeta multispora''
* '' Coniochaeta mutabilis''
* '' Coniochaeta myricariae''
* '' Coniochaeta navarrae''
* '' Coniochaeta nepalica''
* '' Coniochaeta niesslii''
* '' Coniochaeta nigerrima''
* '' Coniochaeta nivea''
* '' Coniochaeta nuciformis''
* '' Coniochaeta ornata''
* '' Coniochaeta ostrea''
* '' Coniochaeta ovata''
* '' Coniochaeta palaoa''
* '' Coniochaeta parasitica''
* '' Coniochaeta perangusta''
* '' Coniochaeta phalacrocarpa''
* '' Coniochaeta philocoproides''
* '' Coniochaeta pilifera''
* '' Coniochaeta polymegasperma''
* '' Coniochaeta polymorpha''
* '' Coniochaeta polysperma''
* '' Coniochaeta proteae''
* '' Coniochaeta prunicola''
* '' Coniochaeta pulveracea''
* '' Coniochaeta punctulata''
* '' Coniochaeta renispora''
* '' Coniochaeta rhopalochaeta''
* ''Coniochaeta rosae
The ''Coniochaeta'' are a genus of pleomorphic yeasts of the order ''Coniochaetales'' and are pathogens of trees. Some species have also been found to form endophytic associations within plants in which they live inside plant tissues but do not ...
''
* '' Coniochaeta saccardoi''
* '' Coniochaeta salicifolia''
* '' Coniochaeta sarothamni''
* '' Coniochaeta savoryi''
* '' Coniochaeta scatigena''
* '' Coniochaeta simbalensis''
* '' Coniochaeta sinensis''
* '' Coniochaeta sordaria''
* '' Coniochaeta sphaeroidea''
* '' Coniochaeta subcorticalis''
* '' Coniochaeta taeniospora''
* '' Coniochaeta tetraspora''
* '' Coniochaeta tilakii''
* '' Coniochaeta trivialis''
* '' Coniochaeta vagans''
* '' Coniochaeta velutina''
* '' Coniochaeta velutinosa''
* '' Coniochaeta verticillata''
* '' Coniochaeta vineae''
* '' Coniochaeta williamsii''
* '' Coniochaeta xinjiangensis''
* '' Coniochaeta xylariispora''
Former species;Lasiosphaeriaceae
The Lasiosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes.
Genera
*'' Anopodium''
*'' Apiosordaria''
*'' Apodospora''
*''Apodus''
*'' Arecacicola''
*'' Arniella''
*'' Arnium''
*'' Bombardia''
*'' Bombardioidea''
*'' C ...
* ''C. canina'' = '' Lecythophora canina'', Coniochaetaceae
* ''C. capillifera'' = '' Hypocopra capillifera'', Xylariaceae
The Xylariaceae are a family of mostly small ascomycetous fungi. It is one of the most commonly encountered groups of ascomycetes and is found throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the world. They are typically found on wood, seeds, f ...
* ''C. elaeidicola'' = '' Stilbohypoxylon elaeidicola'', Xylariaceae
* ''C. ershadii'' = '' Coniolariella ershadii'', Xylariaceae
* ''C. hypoxylina'' = '' Stilbohypoxylon hypoxylinum'', Xylariaceae
* ''C. gamsii'' = '' Coniolariella limonispora'', Xylariaceae
* ''C. nodulisporioides'' = '' Coniocessia nodulisporioides'', Coniocessiaceae
* ''C. obliquata'' = '' Rosellinia obliquata'', Xylariaceae
* ''C. pilosella'' = '' Capronia pilosella'', Herpotrichiellaceae
Herpotrichiellaceae is a family of ascomycetous fungi within the order Chaetothyriales and within the class Eurotiomycetes. It contains 16 genera and about 270 species. The type genus of the family, ''Herpotrichiella'', is now synonymous with '' ...
* ''C. polyspora'' = '' Sordaria polyspora'', Sordariaceae
The Sordariaceae are a family of perithecial fungi within the Sordariales order.
The family includes the important model organism ''Neurospora crassa'' that is used in genetic research. Members of the family include the red bread molds in the ...
* ''C. queenslandiae'' = '' Rosellinia queenslandiae'', Xylariaceae
* ''C. sanguinolenta'' = '' Helminthosphaeria sanguinolenta'', Helminthosphaeriaceae
The Helminthosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes. Species in this family are saprobic, often growing on rotten wood or on the fruit bodies of old mushrooms. They are distributed in temperate
In geography, t ...
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q10457878
Sordariomycetes genera
Coniochaetales