Confederate Jasmine
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

''Trachelospermum jasminoides'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae,
native Native may refer to: People * Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** Native Americans (disambiguation) In arts and entert ...
to eastern and southeastern Asia (
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
, Korea, southern
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
and Vietnam).Flora of China
''Trachelospermum jasminoides''
/ref>
Common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contrast ...
s include confederate jasmine, southern jasmine, star jasmine, confederate jessamine, and Chinese star jasmine. This plant, and the variegated cultivar 'Variegatum', have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's
Award of Garden Merit The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions. History The Award of Garden Merit ...
.


Description

''Trachelospermum jasminoides'' is an evergreen woody
liana A liana is a long- stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word ''liana'' does not refer to a ta ...
growing to high. When they meet a wet surface, they emit aerial weed roots, otherwise they surround the support (they are twining). If cut, like most Apocynaceae, they exude a white latex, resembling sticky milk. Young twigs, initially pubescent, become glabrous with age. The
leaves A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...
are opposite, oval to lanceolate, long and broad, with an entire margin and an acuminate apex. Dark green in summer, the leaves turn bronze in winter.


Inflorescence

The fragrant flowers are white, diameter, with a tube-like
corolla Corolla may refer to: *Corolla (botany), the petals of a flower, considered as a unit *Toyota Corolla, an automobile model name * Corolla (headgear), an ancient headdress in the form of a circlet or crown * ''Corolla'' (gastropod), a genus of moll ...
opening out into five petal-like lobes. The white, rotate actinomorphic flowers have a
calyx Calyx or calyce (plural "calyces"), from the Latin ''calix'' which itself comes from the Ancient Greek ''κάλυξ'' (''kálux'') meaning "husk" or "pod", may refer to: Biology * Calyx (anatomy), collective name for several cup-like structures ...
formed by five narrow, smooth, reflexed sepals 2−5 mm , much shorter than the corolla tube. The latter has a dilated tube in the middle, 5−10 mm long, terminating in 5 obliquely bypassed lobes, all curved, resembling a helix turning counterclockwise. The five
stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...
s are inserted in the middle of the corolla tube. The
ovary The ovary is an organ in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum. When released, this travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it may become fertilized by a sperm. There is an ovary () found on each side of the body. ...
is formed of a style and two carpels, with five glands at its base. They are grouped in paniculate, terminal and axillary cymes. The fruit is a slender follicle long and broad, containing numerous seeds.


Cultivation

''Trachelospermum jasminoides'' is commonly grown as an ornamental plant and houseplant. In gardens, public landscapes, and parks it is used as a climbing vine, a
groundcover Groundcover or ground cover is any plant that grows over an area of ground. Groundcover provides protection of the topsoil from erosion and drought. In an ecosystem, the ground cover forms the layer of vegetation below the shrub layer known as t ...
, and a fragrant potted plant on terraces and patios. It will flower in full sun, partial shade, or total shade, and requires well-drained soil (if constantly kept damp it may succumb to fungal infection), moderate water, moderate fertilizer, and a climbing structure (whether a trellis or another plant is secondary). Propagation is most commonly done with cuttings/clones. It is widely planted in California and also particularly in the Southeastern United States, where its hardiness is confined to USDA Zones 8–10. It is debated however, where the common name for this plant, confederate jasmine, comes from. While some dictionaries (such as Merriam-Webster and dictionary.com) suggest that the name comes from the plant's common cultivation in the southern United States, others argue that the term actually comes from Malaysia, and the former Malay confederacy. It gets another of its common names, trader's compass, from an old Uzbekistan saying that it pointed traders in the right direction, provided they were of good character. It is also called star jasmine in Europe and Chinese jasmine or Chinese ivy in Asia. Its irritating, milky latex-like sap makes it resistant to the depredations of Australian possums.


Uses

A valuable perfume oil is extracted from the steam distilled or tinctured flowers and used in high end perfumery. In a dilute form, tinctured flowers are much used in Chinese, Vietnamese and Thai incenses. A bast fibre is produced from the stems.


Chemical constituents

Six indole alkaloids; ibogaine, coronaridine, voacangine,
apparicine Apparicine is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid. It is named after Apparicio Duarte, a Brazilian botanist who studied the ''Aspidosperma'' species from which apparicine was first isolated. It was the first member of the vallesamine group of alkaloid ...
, conoflorine, and 19-epi-voacangarine have been reported.https://www.ibogainealliance.org/articledb/indole-alkaloids-from-trachelospermum-jasminoides/


Gallery

File:Confederate Jasmine -- Trachelospermum jasminoides.jpg, Confederate jasmine flower, close File:Trachelospermum jasminoides flowers.jpg, Flower close-up File:Trachelospermum jasminoides.jpg, Blooming on trellis File:Trachelospermum jasminoides HRM1.jpg, Trained on garden wall File:Trachelospermum jasminoides seeds.jpg, Seeds


References


External links


Star Jasmine


{{Taxonbar, from=Q1207043 Apocyneae Flora of Asia Medicinal plants Garden plants of Asia Groundcovers Vines Plants described in 1846