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The Concord Consortium was founded in 1994 as an educational
research and development Research and development (R&D or R+D), known in Europe as research and technological development (RTD), is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, and improving existi ...
organization to create large-scale improvements in K-14 teaching and learning through technology. The company conducts research on improving science, math and engineering education with the use of technology. It developed the
Vernier Software & Technology Vernier Software & Technology is an educational software company located in Beaverton, Oregon, that produces technology used for scientific education. Vernier is one of the first companies to popularize the use of computers and sensor technolog ...
probeware for classrooms and mobile computers, created modeling software for
genetics Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.Hartl D, Jones E (2005) It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar wor ...
and
molecular A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemistry, and bioche ...
education, and developed a Web-based high school. Located in
Concord, Massachusetts Concord () is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, in the United States. At the 2020 census, the town population was 18,491. The United States Census Bureau considers Concord part of Greater Boston. The town center is near where the conflu ...
, and
Emeryville, California Emeryville is a city located in northwest Alameda County, California, in the United States. It lies in a corridor between the cities of Berkeley and Oakland, with a border on the shore of San Francisco Bay. The resident population was 12,905 as o ...
, the Concord Consortium employs 30 software engineers, scientists, education developers and other staff. President and CEO Chad Dorsey has led the organization since 2008, following the longtime tenure of founder Robert F. Tinker. The Concord Consortium is overseen by a 10-member Board of Directors that includes educators and business people. The organization works in partnership with universities, museums and other educational organizations, including
Tufts University Tufts University is a private research university on the border of Medford and Somerville, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1852 as Tufts College by Christian universalists who sought to provide a nonsectarian institution of higher learning. ...
,
New York Hall of Science The New York Hall of Science, also known as NYSCI, is a science museum located in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park in the New York City borough of Queens, in the section of the park that is in Corona. It occupies one of the few remaining structures fr ...
,
University of Illinois at Chicago The University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) is a Public university, public research university in Chicago, Illinois. Its campus is in the Near West Side, Chicago, Near West Side community area, adjacent to the Chicago Loop. The second campus esta ...
,
McGraw-Hill Education McGraw Hill is an American educational publishing company and one of the "big three" educational publishers that publishes educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education. The company also publishes referenc ...
and
National Geographic Society The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational organizations in the world. Founded in 1888, its interests include geography, archaeology, and ...
. The Concord Consortium is supported primarily by grants from the
National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent agency of the United States government that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. Its medical counterpart is the National I ...
(NSF), the
U.S. Department of Education The United States Department of Education is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government. It began operating on May 4, 1980, having been created after the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was split into the Department ...
(DOE), the Noyce Foundation and
Google.org Google.org, founded in October 2005, is the charitable arm of Google, a multinational technology company. The organization has committed roughly US$100 million in investments and grants to nonprofits annually. The organization is noted for se ...
.


The early years

The Concord Consortium's first projects, funded by the National Science Foundation beginning in 1994, focused on guided student inquiry and the use of
emerging technologies Emerging technologies are technologies whose development, practical applications, or both are still largely unrealized. These technologies are generally new but also include older technologies finding new applications. Emerging technologies ar ...
. A project-based approach to learning physics using inexpensive materials for hands-on investigations (Hands on Physics) was based on the work of
MIT The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the m ...
professor John G. King. The Concord Consortium also pioneered the use of portable computers and
sensors A sensor is a device that produces an output signal for the purpose of sensing a physical phenomenon. In the broadest definition, a sensor is a device, module, machine, or subsystem that detects events or changes in its environment and sends ...
for student explorations outside the classroom (Science Learning in Context) with science education researchers Joe Krajcik and Elliot Soloway. The International Netcourse Teacher Enhancement Coalition (INTEC) used online facilitated discussion to provide online teacher professional development to
secondary Secondary may refer to: Science and nature * Secondary emission, of particles ** Secondary electrons, electrons generated as ionization products * The secondary winding, or the electrical or electronic circuit connected to the secondary winding i ...
math and science teachers. These projects became the platform from which the Concord Consortium created educational initiatives as a way to use digital technology to enhance classroom engagement and create new science, math and engineering curricula.


Educational technology and research

The Concord Consortium's major areas of research and development are modeling and simulations, probeware, mobile computing, online learning, and assessment. The organization has created educational technology research initiatives with hundreds of biology, chemistry, Earth and space science, engineering, mathematics and physics activities and materials for grade levels elementary to higher education.


Modeling and simulations

The company's research on models and simulations in education has focused on molecular literacy and making complex topics understandable and accessible at earlier grades. The organization has developed interactive
computational models A computational model uses computer programs to simulate and study complex systems using an algorithmic or mechanistic approach and is widely used in a diverse range of fields spanning from physics, chemistry and biology to economics, psychology, ...
that manipulate unobservable events, such as atoms and molecules, chemical reactions, gene and DNA manipulation and
evolution Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation ...
, and manipulate virtual environments in order to understand complex topics such as climate change. Molecular Workbench software, which won Science Magazine's 2011 SPORE Prize, provides hundreds of interactive simulations for teaching and learning physics, chemistry, biology and nanotechnology. Concord Consortium modeling software also supports topics such as evolution, Earth and space science, energy efficiency, heredity, and other topics for which computer simulations connect the real and virtual worlds. Many of these science and mathematics curriculum materials are available on the website for free through open content licenses.


Probeware and mobile computing

Using digital scientific probes and
sensors A sensor is a device that produces an output signal for the purpose of sensing a physical phenomenon. In the broadest definition, a sensor is a device, module, machine, or subsystem that detects events or changes in its environment and sends ...
that collect real-time temperature, motion, gas pressure, light and other data and display it for analysis on
laptops A laptop, laptop computer, or notebook computer is a small, portable personal computer (PC) with a screen and alphanumeric keyboard. Laptops typically have a clam shell form factor with the screen mounted on the inside of the upper li ...
and hand-held devices has been a focus of the Concord Consortium since its founding. Robert Tinker used such probeware in the 1980s when he designed a
microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. The computer also includes memory and input/output (I/O) circuitry together mounted on a printed circuit board (PC ...
-based real-time temperature data grapher for education. Concord Consortium research has shown the effectiveness of sensors and handhelds in elementary and middle school inquiry-based science units.


Online learning

The company's Virtual High School (VHS) offered Web-based courses to secondary school students on a subscription basis through a worldwide network of public and private schools. VHS was originally funded by a U.S. Department of Education Technology Innovation Challenge Grant in 1997. In 2001, it became an independent nonprofit and in 2012 became the VHS Collaborative. In 2001, VHS received the Stockholm Challenge Award for exemplary use of technology in education. In 2005, it received U.S. Distance Learning Association (USDLA) Awards for Excellence in Programming and Excellence in Best Practices. In collaboration with PBS Teacherline and Teachscape, the Concord Consortium began offering Seeing Math online teacher professional development courses for elementary and secondary mathematics teachers in 2005. The Concord Consortium subsequently developed courses for secondary science teachers and for
Physics First Physics First is an educational program in the United States, that teaches a basic physics course in the ninth grade (usually 15-year-olds), rather than the biology course which is more standard in public schools. This course relies on the limited ...
schools in Rhode Island. The Concord e-Learning Model for online teaching and learning describes best practices for high-quality online courses. It is one of the models for best practices in online course delivery.


Assessment

The company develops technology-based assessment that records student responses in real time and embeds formative assessment within a lesson. Embedded software can track student performance and create automated assessments. A collaborative project with the
University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...
and the
University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution ...
explores student
cumulative learning Cumulative learning is the cognitive process by which we accumulate knowledge and abilities that serve as building blocks for subsequent cognitive development. A primary benefit of such is that it consolidates knowledge one has obtained through ex ...
about energy concepts using embedded assessment and dynamic diagramming technology. A project with the Center for Occupational Research and Development (CORD),
Tidewater Community College Tidewater Community College (TCC) is a public community college in South Hampton Roads, Virginia, with campuses in Chesapeake, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Suffolk, and Virginia Beach. It is part of the Virginia Community College System and is accredit ...
, and
ETS ETS or ets may refer to: Climate change, environment and economy * Emissions trading scheme ** European Union Emission Trading Scheme Organisations * European Thermoelectric Society * Evangelical Theological Society Education * École de techno ...
is assessing students’ collaborative-problem skills based on fine-grained logs of student actions using simulations of electronic circuits. The Concord Consortium has also developed models and simulations that allow students to answer questions with an annotated image or by conducting a virtual experiment.


References


External links

*
The Virtual High School Collaborative
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@Concord Newsletter
{{Authority control Non-profit organizations based in Massachusetts Concord, Massachusetts Educational organizations based in the United States Research organizations in the United States