''Conasprella'' is a genus of

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusks in the family

Conidae Conidae, with the current common name of "cone snails", is a taxonomic family (previously subfamily) of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Conoidea. The 2014 classification of the superfamily Conoidea, groups onl ...

, the

cone snails A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base (frequently, though not necessarily, circular) to a point called the apex or vertex. A cone is formed by a set of line segments, half-lines, or lines ...

and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=428971 on 2015-02-28 This genus was formerly (February 2015) treated by some experts as a member of the family

Conilithidae Conilithidae is a proposed taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, specifically cone snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea, the cone snails and their allies.Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009) Systematic clas ...

and as an "alternative representation" of this group of species.

Distinguishing characteristics

The Tucker & Tenorio 2009 taxonomy distinguishes ''Conasprella'' from ''Conus'' in the following ways:Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009), Systematic Classification of Recent and Fossil Conoidean Gastropods, ConchBooks, Hankenheim, Germany, 295 pp. * Genus ''Conus'' ''

sensu stricto ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...

'' Linnaeus, 1758 :: Shell characters (living and fossil species) :::The basic shell shape is conical to elongated conical, has a deep anal notch on the shoulder, a smooth

periostracum The periostracum ( ) is a thin, organic coating (or "skin") that is the outermost layer of the shell of many shelled animals, including molluscs and brachiopods. Among molluscs, it is primarily seen in snails and clams, i.e. in gastropods and ...

and a small operculum. The shoulder of the shell is usually nodulose and the

protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called ...

is usually multispiral. Markings often include the presence of tents except for black or white color variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. ::Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) :::The

radula The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...

has an elongated anterior section with serrations and a large exposed terminating cusp, a non-obvious waist, blade is either small or absent and has a short barb, and lacks a basal spur. ::Geographical distribution :::These species are found in the

Indo-Pacific The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...

region. ::Feeding habits :::These species eat other

s including cones. * Genus ''Conasprella'' Thiele, 1929 ::Shell characters (living and fossil species) :::The

is multispiral with 2.5 whorls, the shell is conical in shape, the spire is elevated, the early whorls have nodules at the periphery. The body whorl has evenly spaced cords or sulci that reach the midbody to the shoulder, and the whorls may have cords on top. The anterior notch is absent and the anal notch is deep. The

is smooth, and the operculum is small. ::Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) :::The blade is short and covers one-third of the anterior section of the radular tooth. The posterior blade is absent, a basal spur is present, and the barb is short. A shaft fold and interior posterior fold is present, however the shaft fold is difficult to detect. ::Geographical distribution :::These species are found throughout the Indo-Pacific region. ::Feeding habits :::These species are presumed to be vermivorous (meaning that they prey on marine worms) based upon their

r morphology.

Species list

This list of species is based on the information in the World Register of Marine Species ( WoRMS) list. Species within the genus ''Conasprella'' include: According to the 2014 taxonomy, the following species include the following subgenera: ''Boucheticonus'', ''Coltroconus'', ''Conasprella'', ''Dalliconus'', ''Endemoconus'', ''Fusiconus'', ''Kohniconus'', ''Lilliconus'', ''Parviconus'', ''Pseudoconorbis'', and ''Ximenoconus'', as well as ''

Conasprella delessertii ''Conasprella delessertii'', common name Sozon's cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. This species couldn't be placed in any subgenus of ''Conasprella'' and is ther ...

'' (Récluz, 1843), a species "incertae sedes". Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). ''One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails''. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23
/ref> These subgenera are accepted and are considered alternative representations. * ''

Conasprella aculeiformis ''Conasprella aculeiformis'', common name the spindle cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella aculeiformis. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Acce ...

'' (Reeve, 1844) * ''

Conasprella agassizi ''Conasprella agassizi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Conasprella agassizi (Dall, 1886). Accessed through: World Register of ...

'' (Dall, 1886) * ''

Conasprella ageri ''Conasprella ageri'' is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella ageri Hendricks, 2015 †. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: ...

'' Hendricks, 2015 * '' Conasprella alexandremonteiroi'' (Cossignani, 2014) * '' Conasprella alisi'' (Moolenbeek, Röckel & Richard, 1995) * ''

Conasprella allamandi ''Conasprella allamandi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails, cone shells or cones.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella allamandi (Petuch, 2013). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Speci ...

'' (Petuch, 2013) * '' Conasprella anacarolinae'' Cossignani, 2019 * ''

Conasprella anaglyptica ''Conasprella anaglyptica'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella anaglyptica (Crosse, 1865). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spec ...

'' (Crosse, 1865) * '' Conasprella aphrodite'' (Petuch, 1979) * ''

Conasprella aquitanica ''Conasprella aquitanica'' is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.MolluscaBase (2018). Conasprella aquitanica (Mayer, 1858) †. Accessed through: World Register ...

'' (Mayer, 1858) * '' Conasprella arawak'' (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) * '' Conasprella arcuata'' (Broderip & G. B. Sowerby I, 1829) * '' Conasprella armiger'' (Crosse, 1858) * ''

Conasprella articulata ''Conasprella articulata'', common name the Nada cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Conidae, the Conus, cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', th ...

'' (G. B. Sowerby II, 1873) * '' Conasprella aturensis'' (Peyrot, 1931) * '' Conasprella baccata'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1877) * '' Conasprella baileyi'' (Röckel & da Motta, 1979) * '' Conasprella bajanensis'' (Nowell-Usticke, 1968) * '' Conasprella berschaueri'' (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) * '' Conasprella berwerthi'' (Hoernes & Auinger, 1879) * '' Conasprella bianchii'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2018) * ''

Conasprella boholensis ''Conasprella boholensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella boholensis (Petuch, 1979). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Specie ...

'' (Petuch, 1979) * '' Conasprella booti'' (Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2017) * '' Conasprella boriqua'' (Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2016) * '' Conasprella boucheti'' (Richard, 1983) * '' Conasprella bozzettii'' (Lauer, 1991) * '' Conasprella burckhardti'' (Böse, 1906) * '' Conasprella carlagrezziae'' (Petuch, Coltro & Berschauer, 2020) * '' Conasprella carvalhoi'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2017) * ''

Conasprella centurio ''Conasprella centurio'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base (frequently, though not necessar ...

'' (Born, 1778) * '' Conasprella cercadensis'' (Maury, 1917) * '' Conasprella chaac'' (Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2017) * '' Conasprella chinchorroensis'' (Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2017) * '' Conasprella coletteae'' (Petuch, 2013) * ''

Conasprella comatosa ''Conasprella comatosa'', common name comatose cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', these snails are predatory an ...

'' (Pilsbry, 1904) * ''

Conasprella coriolisi ''Conasprella coriolisi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella coriolisi (Röckel, Richard & Moolenbeek, 1995). Accessed through: World Regist ...

'' (Moolenbeek & Richard, 1995) * ''

Conasprella coromandelica ''Conasprella coromandelicus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella coromandelica (E. A. Smith, 1894). Accessed through: World Register of ...

'' (E. A. Smith, 1894) * '' Conasprella crabosi'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2018) * '' Conasprella culebrana'' (Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2016) * '' Conasprella damasoi'' (Cossignani, 2007) * '' Conasprella damasomonteiroi'' (Petuch & Myers, 2014) * ''

'' (Récluz, 1843) * '' Conasprella dictator'' (Melvill, 1898) * ''

Conasprella dieteri ''Conasprella dieteri'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella dieteri (Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008). Accessed through: World Regis ...

'' (Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008) * '' Conasprella edpetuchi'' (Monnier, Limpalaër, Roux & Berschauer, 2015) * '' Conasprella elegans'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1895) * '' Conasprella elokismenos'' (Kilburn, 1975) * ''

Conasprella emarginata ''Conasprella emarginata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', these cone snails are predatory and venomous. They ...

'' (Reeve, 1844) * '' Conasprella ericmonnieri'' (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) * '' Conasprella eucoronata'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903) * '' Conasprella eugrammata'' (Bartsch & Rehder, 1943) * '' Conasprella fenzani'' (Petuch & Sargent, 2011) * '' Conasprella ferreirai'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2017) * '' Conasprella fijiensis'' (Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008) * '' Conasprella fluviamaris'' (Petuch & Sargent, 2011) * '' Conasprella geeraertsi'' (Poppe & Tagaro, 2017) * '' Conasprella gordyi'' (Röckel & Bondarev, 2000) * '' Conasprella gregorioi'' (Crabos & G. S. P. Oliveira, 2021) * '' Conasprella grohi'' (Tenorio & Poppe, 2004) * ''

Conasprella gubernatrix ''Conasprella gubernatrix'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Conidae, the cone snails, cone shells or cones.MolluscaBase (2018). Conasprella gubernatrix (Petuch & Berschauer, 2018). Accessed through: World ...

'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2018) * '' Conasprella guidopoppei'' (G. Raybaudi Massilia, 2005) * '' Conasprella henckesi'' (Coltro, 2004) * '' Conasprella henriquei'' (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) * '' Conasprella herndli'' (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) * '' Conasprella hivana'' (Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008) * ''

Conasprella hopwoodi ''Conasprella hopwoodi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', these cone snails are predatory and venomous. They are c ...

'' (Tomlin, 1937) * ''

Conasprella howelli ''Conasprella howelli'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella howelli (Iredale, 1929). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species ...

'' (Iredale, 1929) * ''

Conasprella iansa ''Conasprella iansa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable o ...

'' (Petuch, 1979) * '' Conasprella icapui'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2018) * ''

Conasprella ichinoseana ''Conasprella ichinoseana'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella ichinoseana (Kuroda, 1956). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spec ...

'' (Kuroda, 1956) * '' Conasprella imitator'' (A. P. Brown & Pilsbry, 1911) * '' Conasprella insculpta'' (Kiener, 1847) * ''

Conasprella ione ''Conasprella ione'', common name the ione cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella ione (Fulton, 1938). Accessed through: World Register ...

'' (Fulton, 1938) * '' Conasprella itapua'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2018) * '' Conasprella ixchel'' (Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2017) * '' Conasprella janapatriceae'' (Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2016) * ''

Conasprella janowskyae ''Conasprella janowskyae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella janowskyae (Tucker & Tenorio, 2011). Accessed through: World Register of Ma ...

'' (J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2011) * '' Conasprella jaspidea'' (Gmelin, 1791) * '' Conasprella joanae'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2018) * '' Conasprella joliveti'' (Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008) * '' Conasprella josei'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2016) * '' Conasprella kantangana'' (da Motta, 1982) * '' Conasprella kellyae'' (Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2017) * '' Conasprella keppensi'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2018) * ''

Conasprella kimioi ''Conasprella kimioi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable o ...

'' (Habe, 1965) * '' Conasprella kitteredgei'' (Maury, 1917) * '' Conasprella kohni'' (McLean & Nybakken, 1979) * '' Conasprella laudelinoi'' (Crabos & G. S. P. Oliveira, 2021) * '' Conasprella lemuriana'' Monnier, Tenorio, Bouchet & Puillandre, 2018 * '' Conasprella lenhilli'' (Cargile, 1998) * ''

Conasprella lentiginosa ''Conasprella lentiginosa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella lentiginosa (Reeve, 1844). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Speci ...

'' (Reeve, 1844) * '' Conasprella levenensis'' (Monnier & Tenorio, 2017) * '' Conasprella lindapowersae'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2017) * ''

Conasprella lizarum ''Conasprella lizarum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', these cone snails are predatory and venomous. They are ca ...

'' (Raybaudi Massilia & da Motta, 1992) * ''

Conasprella longurionis ''Conasprella longurionis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', these cone snails are predatory and venomous. They ...

'' (Kiener, 1847) * '' Conasprella lorenzi'' Monnier & Limpalaër, 2012 * '' Conasprella lucida'' (W. Wood, 1828) * '' Conasprella lusca'' (Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2017) * ''

Conasprella mahogani ''Conasprella mahogani'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella mahogani (Reeve, 1843). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species ...

'' (Reeve, 1843) * '' Conasprella marcusi'' (Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2016) * '' Conasprella marinae'' (Petuch & Myers, 2014) * '' Conasprella masinoi'' (Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2016) * '' Conasprella mazei'' (Deshayes, 1874) * '' Conasprella mcgintyi'' (Pilsbry, 1955) * ''

Conasprella memiae ''Conasprella memiae'', common name Memi's cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', these snails are predatory and ve ...

'' (Habe & Kosuge, 1970) * '' Conasprella mindana'' (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) * '' Conasprella minutissima'' Harzhauser & Landau, 2016 * '' Conasprella nereis'' (Petuch, 1979) * '' Conasprella ogum'' (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) * '' Conasprella olangoensis'' (Poppe & Tagaro, 2017) * '' Conasprella orbignyi'' (Audouin, 1831) * ''

Conasprella otohimeae ''Conasprella otohimeae'', common name Otohime's cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', these snails are predatory ...

'' (Kuroda & Itô, 1961) * '' Conasprella pacei'' (Petuch, 1987) * '' Conasprella pagoda'' (Kiener, 1847) * '' Conasprella paumotu'' (Rabiller & Richard, 2014) * '' Conasprella pepeiu'' (Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008) * ''

Conasprella perplexa ''Conasprella perplexa'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella perplexa (G. B. Sowerby II, 1857). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: ...

'' (G. B. Sowerby II, 1857) * '' Conasprella pfluegeri'' (Petuch, 2003) * '' Conasprella philippequiquandoni'' (Cossignani, 2019) * '' Conasprella pomponeti'' (Petuch & Myers, 2014) * '' Conasprella poremskii'' (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) * '' Conasprella prugnaudorum'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2018) * '' Conasprella pseudokimioi'' (da Motta & Martin, 1982) * '' Conasprella pseudorbignyi'' (Röckel & Lan, 1981) * '' Conasprella puncticulata'' (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) * '' Conasprella pusio'' (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) * '' Conasprella rachelae'' (Petuch, 1988) * '' Conasprella rainesae'' (McGinty, 1953) * '' Conasprella ramalhoi'' (Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils, 1986) * '' Conasprella ramosorum'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2019) * ''

Conasprella raoulensis ''Conasprella raoulensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella raoulensis (Powell, 1958). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spe ...

'' (Powell, 1958) * '' Conasprella roatanensis'' (Petuch & Sargent, 2011) * '' Conasprella roberti'' (Richard, 2009) * ''

Conasprella rutila ''Conasprella rutila'', common name the burnished cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', these cone snails are pred ...

'' (Menke, 1843) * '' Conasprella saecularis'' (Melvill, 1898) * '' Conasprella sargenti'' (Petuch, 2013) * '' Conasprella sauros'' (Garcia, 2006) * ''

Conasprella scaripha ''Conasprella scaripha'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Conidae, the Conus, cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', these cone snails are predatory ...

'' (Dall, 1910) * '' Conasprella schirrmeisteri'' (Coltro, 2004) * '' Conasprella serafimi'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2019) * ''

Conasprella sieboldii ''Conasprella sieboldii'', common name Siebold's cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', these cone snails are preda ...

'' (Reeve, 1848) * '' Conasprella simonei'' (Petuch & R. F. Myers, 2014) * ''

Conasprella somalica ''Conasprella somalica'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella somalica (Bozzetti, 2013). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species a ...

'' (Bozzetti, 2013) * ''

Conasprella spirofilis ''Conasprella spirofilis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', these cone snails are predatory and venomous. They are ...

'' (Habe & Kosuge, 1970) * '' Conasprella stearnsii'' (Conrad, 1869) * '' Conasprella stenostoma'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1850) * ''

Conasprella stocki ''Conasprella stocki'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella stocki (Coomans & Moolenbeek, 1990). Accessed through: World Register of Marine ...

'' (Coomans & Moolenbeek, 1990) * '' Conasprella tammymyersae'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2019) * '' Conasprella subturrita'' (d'Orbigny, 1852) * '' Conasprella tayrona'' (Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2017) * '' Conasprella tiki'' (Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008) * '' Conasprella tirardi'' (Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1996) * '' Conasprella toincabrali'' (Petuch & Berschauer, 2019) * '' Conasprella torensis'' (Sturany, 1903) * '' Conasprella tornata'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1833) * ''

Conasprella traceyi ''Conasprella traceyi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base (frequently, though not necessaril ...

'' (J. K. Tucker & Stahlschmidt, 2010) * '' Conasprella traversiana'' (E. A. Smith, 1875) * '' Conasprella valianti'' (Petuch, Coltro & Berschauer, 2020) * '' Conasprella vanhyningi'' (Rehder, 1944) * '' Conasprella vantwoudti'' (Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2015) * ''

Conasprella viminea ''Conasprella viminea'', common name the wickerwork cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella viminea (Reeve, 1849). Accessed through: Worl ...

'' (Reeve, 1849) * '' Conasprella wakayamaensis'' (Kuroda, 1956) * '' Conasprella wendrosi'' (Tenorio & Afonso, 2013) * ''

Conasprella ximenes ''Conasprella ximenes'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conasprella'', these cone snails are predatory and venomous. They are ...

'' (Gray, 1839)
The following species were brought into synonymy: * ''Conasprella albobrunnea'' Bozzetti, 2017: synonym of '' Conasprella eucoronata'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1903) * ''Conasprella biraghii'' (G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1992): synonym of ''

Lilliconus biraghii ''Lilliconus biraghii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.MolluscaBase (2018). ''Lilliconus biraghii'' (G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1992). Accessed through: World Register of ...

'' (G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1992) * ''Conasprella cancellata'' Hwass in Bruguière, 1792: synonym of

Conus cancellatus ''Conus cancellatus'', common name the cancellate cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus ''Conus'', these snails are predatory an ...

Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 * ''Conasprella guyanensis'' (Van Mol, 1973): synonym of '' Conasprella bajanensis'' (Nowell-Usticke, 1968) * ''Conasprella hivanus'' (Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008): synonym of '' Conasprella hivana'' (Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008) (wrong gender agreement of specific epithet) * ''Conasprella hypochlorus'' (Tomlin, 1937): synonym of '' Conasprella insculpta'' (Kiener, 1847) * ''Conasprella sagei'' (Korn & G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1993): synonym of ''

Lilliconus sagei ''Lilliconus sagei'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.MolluscaBase (2018). ''Lilliconus sagei'' (Korn & G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1993). Accessed through: World Register of ...

'' (Korn & G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1993)

List of synonyms of the genus ''Conasprella''

* ''Bathyconus'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 * ''Boucheticonus'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 * ''Coltroconus'' Petuch, 2013 * ''Conasprella (Boucheticonus)'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 · accepted, alternate representation * ''Conasprella (Coltroconus)'' Petuch, 2013 · accepted, alternate representation * ''Conasprella (Conasprella)'' Thiele, 1929 · accepted, alternate representation * ''Conasprella (Dalliconus)'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 · accepted, alternate representation * ''Conasprella (Endemoconus)'' Iredale, 1931 · accepted, alternate representation * ''Conasprella (Fusiconus)'' da Motta, 1991 · accepted, alternate representation * ''Conasprella (Kohniconus)'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 · accepted, alternate representation * ''Conasprella (Lilliconus)'' G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1994 · accepted, alternate representation * ''Conasprella (Parviconus)'' Cotton & Godfrey, 1932 · accepted, alternate representation * ''Conasprella (Pseudoconorbis)'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 · accepted, alternate representation * ''Conasprella (Ximeniconus)'' Emerson & Old, 1962 · accepted, alternate representation * ''Conus (Conasprella)'' Thiele, 1929 * ''Dalliconus'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 * ''Duodenticonus'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 * ''Endemoconus'' Iredale, 1931 * ''Fumiconus'' da Motta, 1991 * ''Fusiconus'' da Motta, 1991 * ''Globiconus'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 * ''Jaspidiconus'' Petuch, 2003 * ''Kermasprella'' Powell, 1958 * ''Kohniconus'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 * ''Lilliconus'' G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1994 * ''Mamiconus'' Cotton & Godfrey, 1932 * ''Parviconus'' Cotton & Godfrey, 1932 * ''Perplexiconus'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 * ''Pseudoconorbis'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 * ''Viminiconus'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 * ''Ximeniconus'' Emerson & Old, 1962 * ''Yeddoconus'' Tucker & Tenorio, 2009

Significance of "alternative representation"

Prior to 2009, all cone species were placed within the family

and were placed in one genus, ''

Conus ''Conus'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, or cone snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Conus Linnaeus, 1758. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ...

''. In 2009 however, J.K. Tucker and M.J. Tenorio proposed a classification system for the over 600 recognized species that were in the family. Their classification proposed 3 distinct families and 82 genera for the living species of

, including the family

. This classification was based upon shell morphology,

r differences, anatomy, physiology, cladistics, with comparisons to molecular (DNA) studies. Published accounts of genera within the

(or

) that include the genus ''Conasprella'' include J.K. Tucker & M.J. Tenorio (2009), and Bouchet et al. (2011). Testing in order to try to understand the molecular phylogeny of the

was initially begun by Christopher Meyer and Alan Kohn, and is continuing, particularly with the advent of nuclear DNA testing in addition to mDNA testing. However, in 2011, some experts preferred to use the traditional classification, where all species are placed in ''

'' within the single family

: for example, according to the November 2011 version of the World Register of Marine Species, all species within the family Conidae are in the genus ''

''. The binomial names of species in the 82 cone snail genera listed in Tucker & Tenorio 2009 are recognized by the World Register of Marine Species as "alternative representations." Debate within the scientific community regarding this issue continues, and additional molecular phylogeny studies are being carried out in an attempt to clarify the issue.Petuch & Drolshage (2011) ''Compendium of Florida Fossil Shells, Volume 1'' MDM Publications, Wellington, FL., 432 pp. All this has been superseded in 2015 by the new classification of the Conidae

References

* Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2013) ''Illustrated catalog of the living cone shells.'' 517 pp. Wellington, Florida: MdM Publishing.

External links

To World Register of Marine Species

Gastropods.com: ''Conidae'' setting forth the genera recognized therein.

Gastropods.com: ''Conilithidae'' setting forth the genera recognized therein.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5158230 Conidae