compression set

The compression set ( ASTM D395) of a material is the permanent deformation remaining after squashing it. In specific methods, temperatures and percent compression are specified. The term is normally applied to soft materials such as elastomers and foams. Compression is normally measured in two ways: ''compression set'' ''A'' and ''compression set'' ''B''.

Compression Set A

This has the formal name compression set under constant force in air. In ''compression set A'' a force of 1.8 kN is applied to the specimen for a set time at a set temperature. ''Compression set A'' is defined as the percentage of original specimen thickness after the specimen has been left in normal (uncompressed) conditions for 30 minutes. C_A, the ''compression set A'' is given by C_A = t_o - t_i) / t_o* 100
where t_o is the original specimen thickness and t_i is the specimen thickness after testing.

Compression Set B

This has the formal name compression set under constant deflection in air. The specimen is compressed to 75% of its original height for a set time and at a set temperature (sample is compressed to .75 of its original height). ''Compression set B'' is (like ''Compression set A'') defined as the percentage of specimen deflection after it has been left in normal (uncompressed) conditions for 30 minutes. C_B, the ''compression set B'' is given by C_B = t_o - t_i) / (t_o - t_n)* 100
where t_o is the original specimen thickness, t_i is the specimen thickness after testing and t_n is the spacer thickness or the specimen thickness during the test.

References

Deformation (mechanics)

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