The Comprehensive Peace Accord ( ne, विस्तृत शान्ति सम्झौता;
abbreviated
An abbreviation (from Latin ''brevis'', meaning ''short'') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method. It may consist of a group of letters or words taken from the full version of the word or phrase; for example, the word ''abbrevia ...
CPA) was signed on 21 November 2006 between the
Government of Nepal
The Government of Nepal ( ne, नेपाल सरकार) is the federal executive authority of Nepal. Prior to the abolition of the Nepali monarchy in 2006 (became republic in 2008), it was officially known as His Majesty's Government.
T ...
and the
Unified Communist Party of Nepal
The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) (), abbreviated CPN (Maoist Centre), CPN-Maoist Centre, CPN Maoist Centre, or CPN (MC), is the third largest political party in Nepal. It was founded in 1994 after breaking away from the Communist P ...
.
Highlights of the peace accord
The peace accord marked the formal end of the Nepalese Civil War that began in 1996. It included the following provisions:
* The
Maoist People's Liberation Army to be placed in temporary cantonments, where they would be rehabilitated and re-integrated into the society, and the monarchist army to be confined within the barracks. Both armies to be monitored and supervised by the
United Nations Mission in Nepal, as per the earlier agreement reached between the government and the Maoists.
* Strict implementation of all previous pacts/agreements reached between the government and Maoists.
* Termination of the military action and the armed mobilization. Both sides to stop attacks or any kind of violent and offensive activities from either side; no new recruitment in armed forces of both sides and no transportation of arms and ammunition and explosives.
* Both sides to assist each other to maintain law, peace, and order
* Both sides to fully commit themselves to uphold all international human rights laws and civil liberties, and the
to monitor the human rights situation.
* The King to be stripped of political rights and his property to be nationalized under public trusts.
* Scrapping of the Maoists' parallel administration (People's governments, People's Courts) across the country.
* Strong punitive policy to curb corruption and confiscation of property earned illegally through corruption
* Formation of National Peace and Rehabilitation Commission,
Truth Commission
A truth commission, also known as a truth and reconciliation commission or truth and justice commission, is an official body tasked with discovering and revealing past wrongdoing by a government (or, depending on the circumstances, non-state act ...
, and a high-level ''Commission for State Restructuring''.
* Respectful rehabilitation and social integration of the people displaced during the insurgency
Implementation
CPA's implementation has been a topic of intense debate over the years. The Maoist army has been confined within temporary cantonments that are verified and monitored by the United Nations (UNMIN). Their arms have been locked in the cantonment and guarded by
United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN). An equal number of arms of
Nepal Army
The Nepali Army ( ne, नेपाली सेना, translit=Nēpālī Sēnā), technically the Gorkhali Army ( ne, गोरखाली सेना, translit=Gōrakhālī Sēnā, label=none; see ''Gorkhas''), is the land service branch ...
has also been guarded by the UNMIN.
As of 2007, properties confiscated by Maoists had not been fully returned.
There was disagreement between Maoists and other parties on issues of integration of the Maoist army into the Nepal army. Former Prime Minister
Madav Kumar Nepal says that the Maoist army will be rehabilitated and integrated into the Nepal Army but key coalition partners of the
Nepali Congress
The Nepali Congress ( ne, नेपाली कांग्रेस ; abbr. NC) is the largest social democratic political party in Nepal. As per the results of recent local election, ''Nepali Congress'' stands as the single largest party o ...
and Madhesi Janadhikar Forum are vehemently opposed to the idea. Even the former Defence Minister Bidhya Devi Bhandari is strongly against the deal.
After a second round of verification, 4,008 verified minor and late recruits were released from cantonments beginning in January 2010. Among the released 4,008 ex-combatants from seven main camps and other 21 satellite camps located at various parts of the country, 2,973 were verified minors (who were under 18 when the peace deal was signed on November 21, 2006) and 1,035 were late recruits (recruited after November 21, 2006). the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
was providing four types of rehabilitation packages for released ex-combatants which include vocational training, sponsoring school education, health education training and supporting small business initiatives. Research was done to identify how the private sector could support the rehabilitation program and help in consolidating peace.
Rehabilitation of Nepali ex-combatants: What role for the private sector?
/ref>
On 10 February 2015, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
A truth commission, also known as a truth and reconciliation commission or truth and justice commission, is an official body tasked with discovering and revealing past wrongdoing by a government (or, depending on the circumstances, non-state act ...
was created, with Ganesh Dutta Bhatta as chairperson.
References
External links
Information on the Comprehensive Peace Accord {{small, (PDF)
Full Text of Nepal Comprehensive Peace Agreement
UN Peacemaker
Text of all peace accords for Nepal
UN Peacemaker
Peace treaties
History of Nepal (1951–2008)
Politics of Nepal
Treaties of Nepal
Treaties concluded in 2006
Treaties entered into force in 2006
2006 in Nepal
Politics of the Nepalese Civil War